Phân biệt với thì quá khứ đơn - Hành động xẩy ra trong khoảng thời gian chưa qua thường dùng với các trạng từ this morning… Eg: I’ve been to Da Lat three times this year.. - Các trạng từ
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I/ THE PRESENT PERFECT ( Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
1/ Aff: S + HAS / HAVE + P.P (ed / III) + ……… Eg: I have already seen that play
2/ Neg : S + HAS / HAVE – NOT + P.P ( ed/ III) + ………
3/ Int: HAVE / HAS + S + P.P ( ed/ III) + ………? Yes, S + have / has
No, S + haven’t / hasn’t
- WH / HOW + HAVE / HAS + S + P.P ( ed/ III) + ………?
CÁCH DÙNG:
- Diễn tả một hành động diễn ra trong quá khứ mà thời gian không rõ ràng/ không xác định
Eg: I have seen this film
Phân biệt với thì quá khứ đơn
- Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xẩy ra dùng với just Eg: She has just arrived
- Hành động bắt đầu diễn ra trong quá khứ mà vẫn còn kéo dài đến hiện tại hoặc tương lai dùng với since hoặc for
Eg: She has worked here for 5 years
She has worked here since 2005
Phân biệt với thì quá khứ đơn
- Hành động xẩy ra trong khoảng thời gian chưa qua thường dùng với các trạng từ this morning…
Eg: I’ve been to Da Lat three times this year
- Hành động chưa chấm dứt thường dùng vứi các trạng từ many times Twice, three times, several times…
- Các trạng từ thường dùng với thì HTHT như: just , recently, lately, ever , never , already, yet, since, for, so far
= until now = up to the present
II MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ LÝ DO VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ
1 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do
Because of.
- Clause + because of + N / N.Phrase / Gerund Phrase( V-ing)
- Because of + N / N.Phrase / Gerund Phrase(V-ing) , + Clause
Eg: Jan was worried because of the rain
Because/ since/ as.
Because/ Since / As + clause ( S + V (be/V) ) , Clause.
Clause + Because/ Since / As + clause ( S + V (be/V)
Eg: He came ten minutes late because he missed the first bus
*khi chuyển từ (because) sang (because of) , nếu chủ ngữ của cả 2 mệnh đề giống nhau thì dùng “ Gerund phrase”
Eg: She stayed at home because she was sick She stayed at home because of being sick
2 Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ: In spite of/ despite
* In spite of / Despite + N / N.Phrase / Gerund Phrase , Clause
* Clause + In spite of / Despite + N / N.Phrase / Gerund Phrase
Eg: In spite of the bad weather , we went swimming
In spite of being sick, she went to school on time yesterday
In spite of sickness, she went to school on time yesterday
3 Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ còn dùng với các từ sau: Although, even though, though:
* Although, even though, though + clause ( S+V…), clause
Eg: Although the weather was bad , we went swimming
Although she was sick, she went to school on time yesterday
* No matter + who / what / where / why / how(adj, adv) + S + V
* Whatever (+ N) + S +V
Eg: No matter who you are, I still love you
EXERCISES I.Complete the sentences with Because, Because of, Although or In spite of
1 they had been lost in the mountains for 3 days, they looked strong and healthy
2 Mr Nam runs three kilometers every morning his old age
3 My uncle walked slowly his old age
4 his strong voice, we couldn’t understand him
5 computers offer so many advantages, a lot of people use them today
6 They failed all their efforts
7 she is usually busy, she takes good care of her children
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8 They couldn’t go to the meeting on time there was traffic jam
9 We didn’t have wonderful holiday the bad weather
10 computers offer so many advantages, I have to prevent my children from spending too much time with them
II Complete the sentences with Since or For or Ago
1 I haven’t slept well last Monday
2 They met each other few days
3 I’ve had a headache this morning
4 The machine broke down an hour
5 It has been raining yesterday afternoon
6 They have been cleaning their house several hours
7 We haven’t played basketball I was a junior high school student
8 The children have never been in the supermarket less than two hours
9 Have you worked here almost a year?
10.I have been trying to get through on the phone the past hour
III Choose the best answer
1.There are five new programs on five (films/ channels/ comedies/ cartoon)
2.Did you see the wildlife program on TV last night? (excite/ exciting/ excited/ excitement)
3.Watching TV, … is a unhealthy pastime, is his favourite hobby (who/that/which/ of which)
4.Television can make things because it presents information in an effective way (memory/ memorable/ memorize/ memorizing)
5.This is the first time I Thailand (visit/ visited/ am visiting/ have visited)
6.There never been such a beautiful performance in this village before (is/ have/ has/ was)
7.That was the first time we this machine (used/ use/ had used/ have used)
8.We have waited for Jill 8 o’clock (since/ for/ ago/ during)
9.By listening to the radio, we receive information (orally/ aurally/ visually)
10.We stayed indoors in spite of (the bad weather/ the weather was bad/ the good weather/ the weather was good)
11.The disc jocket is popular it introduces and comments on music very well.(because/ because of/ in spite of/ although)
12.Our friend won a big prize when he took part in the on TV last week (game show/ talk show/ forecast/ comedy)
13 present discussions on a variety of topics and interviews with people from many professions (news/ commercials/ talk shows/ interview shows)
14.Tom and Jerry is my favourite (comedy/ cartoon/ play/ film)
15.TV helps us learn more the world and know many new things.(on/ in/ about/ over)
16.Watching TV is an way to relax (enjoy/ enjoying/ enjoyable/ enjoyment)
VI Choose the word in each group that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
5 A climb B popularize C wild D magazine
VII Choose the word having the same meaning as the underlined part.
1 It rained very heavily last night
2 Because of her illness, my daughter couldn’t go lo school
A stomachache B backache C sadness D sickness
3 We receive information from radio through ears
A orally B visually C aurally D usually
4 Television increases the popularity of sports and games
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5 There is a good film on TV tonight.
IIX There is a mistake in the four underlined parts of each sentence Find the mistake (A, B, C, or Đ).
1 The weather has been quite good at Christmas
A B C D
2 We had to cancel the match because the bad weather
A B C D
3 In spite of the house was in bad condition, it was sold at a high price
A B C D
4 I didn't watch a football match on TV for a long time
A B C D
5 How long is it since you have seen our former teacher?
A B C D
IX Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1 One disadvantage of TV is that it interferes _family life
2 A film which is made by photographing a series of changing drawings is called a
A drama B cartoon C comedy D documentary
3 presents information and entertainment orally
A Radio B The Internet C Television D Newspaper
4 I _a cough since yesterday
5 The radio is _loud I can't hear anything
A too many B too much C a few D a lot
6 The teacher has _ come into the room
A still B already C yet D lately
7 This is the second time that you have seen this film, ?
A isn't it B haven't you C don't D isn't this
8 _ the heavy rain He went our without a raincoat
A Although B In spite C Despite D Even
9 There were a lot of accidents _ the icy roads.
A thanks to B owing of C because D because of
10 I _ to him three limes since he to live here
A talked-came B have talked-come C talked-has come D have talked-has come
11 The scheme allows students from many countries with each other
A communicate B to communicate C communicating D communicates
12 the storm warnings, wee did not go out last night
A Since B In spite of C Because of D The result
13 This is the fifth time you me the same question
A ask B asked C are asking D have asked
14 When I arrived at the party, Lucy home
A has already gone B had already gone C already went D already was going
15 English people spent 18 hours per week TV
A watching B to watch C watch D for watching
16 I've lived in a small house near the coast 1990
17 She left home in 1993 and since
A hasn't seen B didn't see C hasn't been seen D wasn't seen
VI Choose one sentence that has the deferent meaning to the root one.
1 In spite of his good salary, Mr Green decided to leave the job
A Although Mr Green had a good salary, He decided to leave the job
B Mr Green decided to leave the job despite having a good salary
C In spite of the fact that Mr Green had a good salary.,He decided to leave the job
D Mr Green decided to leave the job owing to his good salary
2 I haven’t watched a good film for a long time
A I watched a good film at the early age B It's ages since I last watched a good film
C I last watched a good film a long time ago D The last time I watched a good film was a long lime ago
3 I didn’t buy the colour TV because it was expensive
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A The colour TV was expensive, so I didn't buy it
B I didn't buy the colour TV because of its price
C The colour TV was expensive However, I bought it
D The reason I didn't buy the colour TV was that it was expensive.
4 I want to know when you started working as a television presenter
A When did you begin working was a television presenter?
B When did you start working for a television presenter?
C How long is it since you started working as a television presenter?
D How long have you worked as a television presenter?
X Complete the sentences with although/ in spite of/ because/ because of.
1 the meeting's at 2.00, I won't be able to see you
2 I told the absolute truth, no one would believe me
3 The goods were never delivered the promise we had received
4 My mother is always complaining the untidiness of my room
5 I didn't get the job I had all the necessary qualifications
6 It's unsafe to travel in that country the ongoing civil war
7 The villagers refused to leave the drought
8 everything looked different, I had no idea where to go
9 his age, John was not hired
10 You can't enter this secure area you don't have an official permit
11 it was sunny it was quite a cold day
12 Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted …… the extreme heat
13 having a bad cough, she was able to sing in the choir
14 …… I had nothing for lunch but an apple, I ate dinner early
15 Sarah can't climb up the tree her fear of heights
X Rewrite the following sentences.
1 It's nearly twenty years since my father saw his brother
My father ………
2 Although he was seriously ill, he was determined to finish his work
In spite of ………
3 When did you last ride a bike?
How long ………
4 Seeing Nelson Mandela will always stay in my memory
I ………
5 I've still got the camera because no one has claimed it
I've still got the camera ………
6 My wait in the queue has lasted forty minutes so far
I ………
7 Because he was ill seriously, he couldn’t come
Because of ………
8 Although he was inexperienced, he got a good salary.
9.He has not seen me forr threee years.
It is three ………
10 Mary began playing the piano 4 years ago
Mary has………
11 My father hasn’t been to Hanoi for 5 years
It’s ………
12 My father is reading a newspaper He started 2 hours ago
My father has ………
13 It’s four years since I wrote her
I ………
14 The last time I went to see them was over a year ago
It ………
15 It is two weeks since it last rained
It has………
16 Jane started keeping a diary five years ago
Jane has ………