Chapter 13 - Price determination. Chapter 13 focuses on price determination, which is one of the most important decisions that successful organizations make. The purchasing professional must become an expert on the product or services for which they are responsible.
Trang 1Purchasing and Supply Chain Management
3rd edition
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Chapter 13:
Price Determination
Purchasing and Supply Chain Management 3rd edition, Copyright 2013 W.
C. Benton Jr. All rights reserved
Trang 2Contents
• The Purchasing Decision and Purchasing Professional
• Price
• Cost
• Cost Structure Analysis
• The Negotiation Process
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Trang 3Price of a Product or Service
• Usually based on a variation of cost and cover
• Distribution
• Purchasing professional
quality levels
• Price is important but only one of many variables to
consider
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Trang 4Price Setting Strategies (Economics)
• The formula for setting prices
• E.g., chemical industry and computer industry
• General approaches:
• Target pricing
• The price set by the buying firm that fits its competitive cost structure
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Trang 5Price Setting Strategies (Psychological)
• Power
relationship
• A powerful buyer:
price
in the supply market
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Trang 6General Sources of Price Information
1 Published price lists
2 Quotations
3 Other buyers in the market
4 Trade journals
5 Negotiations
6 Competitive
7 Bidding
8 Distribution
• The specific suppliers themselves may be the best source
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Trang 7Discounts
• Popular discount types:
• When payments for goods and services are promptly remitted
• Example: Cash discount of 3/10, net 30
• If the buyer pays within 10 days of the shipment date of the invoice, it may deduct a 3 percent from the invoice price
• Buying firm splits the middlemen profit margin and buys directly
• Granted to the buyer for buying larger quantities
• The Robinson–Patman Act 7
Trang 8Pricing Methods (cont.)
• Competitive bidding
• Conditions for competitive bidding:
the expense of the competitive bidding process
enough for both the buying and selling firms to accurately estimate
Trang 9Competitive Bidding
• A probabilistic bidding strategy
bid
competitive bidding
• An estimate of a reasonable bid amount
• The dollar value of previous bids
• The expected profit from previous bids
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Trang 10Costs
• Cost components:
• Costs are not incurred if the unit is not produced
• Indirect costs
• Non–manufacturingrelated costs
depreciation expenses
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Trang 11Learning Curves
increasing outputs
unit as a function of cumulative units produced
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80 % learning
curve
Trang 12Learning Curves (cont.)
• Characteristics:
cumulative units produced
• Uses:
Trang 13Cost Structure Terminology
• Definitions:
• The difference between the price of the job and the costs to build
a job
• Includes overhead and profit
• Refers to profit alone
• A job costs times a factor that covers direct costs, overhead cost, and profit
• Gross margin and markup are not the same 13
Trang 14Margin versus Markup Conversion Chart
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Trang 15Contents
• Cost Structure Analysis
• The Negotiation Process
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Trang 16The Negotiation Process
• The negotiation process is a learned behavior
• Each and every aspect of a business transaction is negotiable
• Excellent candidates for negotiations
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Trang 17Price/Cost Analysis
• A buying firm must:
• Various design specifications
• Associated costs
• Historical data of similar equipment
• Experience with conditions in the specific industry
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Trang 18Questions?
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