This chapter’s objectives are to: Explain how managers use controls to operate organizational performance, describe the different forms and types of information technologies that managers apply, illustrate how managers use information and technology systems to create efficiencies and make more effective decisions,...
Trang 1SECOND EDITION
Chapter 16
Information and
Operations
Trang 2§ Explain how managers use controls to operate organizational performance
§ Describe the different forms and types of information
technologies that managers apply
§ Illustrate how managers use information and technology
systems to create efficiencies and make more effective
decisions
§ Identify the types of controls and the processes used by
managers to measure and adapt organizational performance
§ Describe how managers effectively apply controls to
influence performance, with both people and results
Learning Objectives
Trang 3§ Control
• Tool that helps managers use information to influence
behavior and affect operational performance through
greater efficiencies and effective decision making
• Permits managers to oversee and direct employees toward achieving organizational goals
• Regulates behavior and results around specific areas within the organization
• Should not be too rigid
• Lack of control can lead to demise of the organization
How Controls Make a Difference (p. 400)
Trang 4§ Types of controls (p. 401)
• Standards – models and examples of how items or tasks
are expected to be executed
• Preliminary control (planning control) – control used as a preventative measure to clarify potential deficiencies
before they occur
• Screening control (realtime control) – control used to
take corrective measures based on feedback during a
process should barriers arise
• Postaction control – control used to assess results after a process is complete in order to provide information for
How Controls Make a Difference (cont.)
Trang 5§ Information technology
• Development, maintenance, and use of computer systems, software, and networks for the processing and distribution
of data
§ Types of information (p. 403)
• Knowledge – information gained by an individual or team that is internalized
skills they possess, such as technology
Information, Technology, and Systems (p. 402)
Trang 6§ Organizing information using technology and
systems (p. 403)
• Firewall – software program designed to protect against
unauthorized entry into a particular information system or personal computer
• Extranet – system that is similar to the internet but used
primarily within a company for its employees or vendors
Information, Technology, and Systems (cont.)
Trang 7§ Management information system (MIS)
• Tool that aids organizations to run more efficiently by
incorporating people, technology, and information
systematically
• System that provides a flow of information to include
accounting, manufacturing, customer relationship
management, sales, and service
• Everyone able to see how one action carried out in one area can affect another part of the organization
Management Information Systems (p. 404)
Trang 8§ Executive support system (ESS; p. 405)
aid the executive staff with their decisionmaking process with regard
to organizational performance
reports
§ Decision support system (DSS)
decisionmaking process
§ Artificial intelligence
human intelligence and act accordingly to process information
Management Information Systems (cont.)
Trang 9§ Types of controls
• Controller – chief accounting officer within an
organization that helps control finances
• Financial statement – summary that lists the revenue and liabilities for a company during a particular time frame (p. 407)
• Balance sheet – financial statement that lists revenue,
assets, and liabilities for a company during a particular
time frame
Information and Controls for Operations (p. 406)
Trang 10§ Types of controls (cont.)
• Income statement – summary of revenue gained during a specific time period, usually listed by month (p. 407)
• Ratio analysis – quantitative study of a company’s
financial statements within a particular collection of data
• Audit – formal examination of a company, department, or individual’s accounts or financial standing (p. 408)
• Budget – document used to predict revenues and
expenditures during a certain period for financial
forecasting
Information and Controls for Operations (cont.)