21 CHUYÊN đề ôn TIẾNG ANH THPTQG 2021

Tài liệu được biên soạn và chọn lọc kĩ lưỡng theo từng chuyên đề sát với đề minh họa của bộ GD ĐT với mong muốn giúp cho các thầy cô và các em học sinh có một tài liệu hữu ích nhất để đạt kết quả tốt nhất cho kì thi sắp tới. Với các thầy cô giáo, đây sẽ là bộ tài liệu ôn thi giúp các thầy cô tiết kiệm nhiều thời gian công sức vì file có sẵn đáp án, chuyên đề bám sát nội dung thi.

MỤC LỤC

1 Ngữ âm ( Phonetics)

2 Câu hỏi đuôi ( Tag-questions)

3 Danh động từ và động từ nguyên mẫu ( Gerund and Infinitive)

4 Câu điều kiện ( Conditional sentences)

14 Từ đồng nghĩa- trái nghĩa ( Synonym- Antonym)

15 Tìm lỗi sai (Finding mistakes)

16 Tình huống giao tiếp xã hội ( Social communication)

17 Câu tường thuật ( Reported speech)

18 Câu điều kiện đặc biệt ( conditional sentences- special cases)

19 Động từ khiếm khuyết ( Modal verbs)

20 Đảo ngữ ( Inversion)

21 Cấp so sánh ( Comparison)

21 CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI TIẾNG ANH THPTQG 2021

I NGỮ ÂM

A PHÁT ÂM

* Cách phát âm của –s / -es

- Có 3 cách phát âm –s hoặc –es tận cùng

* đọc thành âm /s/ với những từ có âm cuối là / p, f, k, t, θ /

* đọc thành âm /iz/ với những từ có âm cuối là / s, z, ∫, t∫, dƷ/

* đọc thành âm /z/ với những trường hợp còn lại

- Examples:

* /s/: maps, books, hats, coughs, laughs, photographs …

* /iz/: buses, watches, roses, washes, boxes…

* /z/: bells, eyes, plays …

Lưu ý:

- Khi *th phát âm là / θ / thì –s /–es mới phát âm là / s / như baths, …

- Khi *th phát âm là / ð / thì –s /–es phát âm là / z / như cloths, clothes, bathes,…

- Khi *gh phát âm là / f / thì –s phát âm là / s / như laughs, coughs, ….

- Khi *gh là âm câm thì –s phát âm là / z / như ploughs,

Hãy chọn từ có phần được gạch dưới có cách phát âm khác với các từ còn lại:S/ES

CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle:

1 “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : Ex: wanted; decided

2 “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,/ hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch :

Ex: asked; stopped; laughed

3 “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : Ex: moved; played; raised.

Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked

Exercise:

Hãy chọn từ có phần được gạch dưới có cách phát âm khác với các từ còn lại:ED

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 1

Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 1: A final B writer C ivory D widow

Question 2: A passed B managed C cleared D threatened

Question 3: A ejects B defends C advocates D breaths

Question 4: A produced B believed C stopped D laughed

Question 6: A affected B looked C decreased D washed

Question 7: A missed B worked C realized D watched

Question 9: A loved B appeared C agreed D coughed

Question 10: A pagoda B integral C against D aquatic

Question 11: A imagines B bikes C cultures D involves

Question 12: A office B practice C service D device

Question 13: A finished B cooked C attended D laughed

Question 14: A number B future C furious D amuse

Question 15: A concerned B candied C travelled D dried

Question 16: A speaks B speeds C graphs D beliefs

Question 17: A dune B hummock C shrub D buffalo

Question 18: A increased B pleased C replaced D fixed

Question 20: A linked B declared C finished D developed

Question 22: A sports B thanks C games D enthusiasts

Question 23: A sacrificed B trusted C recorded D acted

Question 25: A interviewed B performed C finished D delivered

2 STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm:

1/ Trọng âm thường ít rơi vào các tiền tố (prefix) và hậu tố (suffix):

 ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather

* Ngoại lệ: 'foresight , 'forecast , 'unkeep , 'upland , 'surname , 'subway

Dưới đây là vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn của từ gốc

V + ment: ag'ree (thoả thuận) =>ag'reement

V + ance: re'sist (chống cự) =>re'sistance (sự

V + er: em'ploy (thuê làm) => em'ployer (chủ

V + or: in'vent (phát minh) => in'ventor

V + ar: beg (van xin) => 'beggar (người ăn xin)

V + al: ap'prove (chấp thuận) => ap'proval

V + y: de'liver (giao hàng)=> de'livery (sự giaohàng)

V + age: pack (đóng gói) => 'package (bưu kiện)

V + ing: under'stand (hiểu) => under'standingadj + ness: 'bitter (đắng) => 'bitterness (nỗi cay đắng)

2/ Nói chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép hoặc dài, ít rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn như /∂/ hay /i/

* EX:a'bandon , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather , pro'duct , for'get , de'sign ,en'joy

3/ Một từ hai vần vừa là động từ vừa là danh từ thì:

Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2

Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1.

EX: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record, *

Ngoại lệ : 'promise (n), (v)

4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước các hậu tố (suffixes ) sau đây một vần : ION, IC, IAL , ICAL,

-UAL, -ITY, -IA, -LOGY, -IAN, -IOUS, -EOUS , -IENCE, -IENT, -GRAPHY , -NOMY , -METRY EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience, im'patience, edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria, 'Asia, ge'ography,

pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical, po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics,

scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy

Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television

5) Trọng âm rơi vào các vần cuối sau đây: ADE, OO, OON, EE, EEN, EER, ESE, AIRE,

-SELF, -ETTE, -ESQUE Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon

*Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon…

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 2

Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.

Question 1: A apply B persuade C reduce D offer

Question 2: A preservatives B congratulate C preferential D development

Question 3: A president B physicist C inventor D property

Question 4: A economy B unemployment C communicate D particular

Question 5: A elephant B dinosaur C buffalo D mosquito

Question 6: A scientific B intensity C disappearance D expectation

Question 7: A conference B lecturer C researcher D reference

Question 8: A intentional B optimistic C environment D participant

Question 9: A explain B happen C decide D combine

Question 10: A represent B intensive C domestic D employment

Question 11: A minister B dependent C encourage D agreement

Question 12: A equip B listen C answer D enter

Question 13: A involve B provide C install D comment

Question 14: A hospital B inflation C policy D constantly

Question 15: A garment B comment C cement D even

Question 16: A different B achievement C educate D primary

Question 17: A sorrow B schooling C passion D subtract

Question 18: A certainty B activity C organize D compliment

Question 19: A publish B replace C involve D escape

Question 20: A police B system C woman D novel

Question 21: A attract B amaze C offer D require

Question 22: A delicate B promotion C volcanic D resources

Question 23: A figure B honest C polite D happy

Question 24: A engage B import C conserve D maintain

Question 25: A original B responsible C reasonable D comparison

Question 26: A person B hotel C signal D instance

Question 27: A situation B appropriate C informality D entertainment

Question 28: A different B bamboo C rainfall D wildlife

Question 29: A gorilla B interesting C September D opponent

Question 30: A promote B precede C picture D pollute

II CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG

1 CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI (TAG QUESTIONS)

Công thức: S + V +………, trợ từ + S?

- Nếu câu nói trước dấu phẩy là câu khẳng định, câu hỏi đuôi phải ở thể phủ định (viết tắt).

- Nếu câu nói trước dấu phẩy là câu phủ định, câu hỏi đuôi phải ở thể khẳng định.

* Lưu ý:

- Câu hỏi đuôi của “I am” là “aren’t I”.

- Câu hỏi đuôi của “Let’s” là “Shall we”.

- Chủ ngữ là “Everyone/Everybody, Someone/Somebody, Anyone/Anybody, No one/Nobody, ” câu hỏi đuôi là “they”.

- Chủ ngữ là “nothing, everything, something, anything” thì câu hỏi đuôi dùng “it”.

- Trong câu có các trạng từ phủ định và bán phủ định như: never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, thì

câu đó được xem như là câu phủ định - phần hỏi đuôi sẽ ở dạng khẳng định

- Sau câu mệnh lệnh cách (Do /Don’t do v.v ), câu hỏi đuôi thường là will you?

- Câu đầu có MUST, must có nhiều cách dùng cho nên tùy theo cách dùng mà sẽ có câu hỏi đuôi khác

nhau:

+ Must chỉ sự cần thiết thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta dùng “needn’t”.

+ Must chỉ sự cấm đoán thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta dùng “must”.

+ Must chỉ sự dự đoán ở hiện tại thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta dựa vào động từ theo sau “must”.

- Câu cảm thán, lấy danh từ trong câu đổi thành đại từ cùng với dùng is, am, are.

- Câu đâu có I + các động từ sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon, expect, seem, feel that + mệnh đê phụ:

- NEED vừa làm động từ thường, vừa làm động từ khuyết thiếu, nên:

+ Nếu need là động từ thường thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta phải mượn trợ động từ.

+ Nếu need là động từ khuyết thiếu thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta dùng luôn need.

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 1

1 The cases of COVID 19 outside China have increased thirteenfold, ?

A hasn’t they B haven’t they C will they D don’t they

2 What you have said is wrong, _?

3 COVID 19 can be characterized as a pandemic, ?

4 The coronavirus had already overwhelmed China, South Korea, Iran and Italy, ?

A hadn’t it B hasn’t it C didn’t it D wasn’t it

5 Health authorities have activated their most serious response level, ?

A haven’t it B hadn’t they C have it D haven’t they

6 Your mother is cooking in the kitchen, _?

7 Chinese officials quickly shut down Wuhan market, _?

A doesn’t it B didn’t they C hadn’t they D do they

8 There are no easy ways to succeed, ?

A are there B aren’t there C aren’t they D are they

9 No one is a better cook than my sister, ?

10 They’ll buy a new apartment, ?

A will they B won’t they C don’t they D will not they

11 This house is not safe, ?

12 Ba rarely goes out at night, ?

13 Everybody looks tired, ?

14 I’m a bad man, ?

15 I think she is a dentist, ?

16 I don’t think you are an engineer, ?

17 Let’s turn off the lights before going out, ?

18 Don’t be late, ?

19 Someone wants a drink, ?

20 Nobody phoned, ?

21 I should keep silent, ?

22 He mightn’t get there in time, ?

23 Everything is fine, ?

24 I wish to study English, ?

25 What a nice dress, ?

26 One can be one’s master, ?

27 You’d better stay at home, ?

28 You’d rather learn English, ?

29 You don’t believe Peter can do it, ?

30 These are 3 oranges you bought yesterday, ?

A aren’t they B are they C are these D aren’t these

31 He seldom helps her, ?

32 They never go to the library with US, ?

33 Mary and Peter don’t like English, ?

A do they B do Mary and Peter C are they D aren’t they

34 I am not a liar, ?

35 What you have just said is not true, ?

36 Lucy has been studying English for 4 years, ?

37 It seems that you are telling me a lie, ?

38 You need take a rest, ?

39 Let me take care of you, ?

40 The ticket to London doesn’t cost a lot, ?

41 They must study hard, ?

A mustn’t they B need they C must they D needn’t they

42 You mustn’t come late, ?

43 She wishes to go to Singapore, ?

A may she B doesn’t she C does she D mayn’t she

44 Let’s go for a walk, ?

45 You must have left your purse at home, ?

A don’t he B haven’t you C doesn’t he D did they

46 She must have been very happy when you told her the news, ?

A need she B mustn’t she C isn’t she D hasn’t she

47 You must be tired now, ?

A needn’t you B aren’t you C mustn’t you D haven’t you

48 You’ve never been to Italy, ?

49 This picture is yours, ?

50 He ought to be home by seven o’clock, ?

A shouldn’t he B mayn’t he C needn’t he D mustn’t he

I GERUND : ( danh ủoọng tửứ ) ( V + ING )

1 Subject of a sentence (làm chủ ngữ trong câu)

Ex: Reading the story of Kieu is interesting

2 Complement of To Be after Subject of Thing + To Be (làm bổ ngữ của đọng từ to be sau

chủ ngữ là vật)

Ex : My hobby is fishing

3 After Prepositions (sau giới từ)

Ex : She is interested in learning English

4 After some verbs : Verbs + Gerund

Admit (thừa nhận, coõng nhận), avoid ( traựnh, neự), appreciate (đánh giá cao), defer / delay /postpone/ put off (trỡ hoaừn, đình lại), deny( choỏi), detest/ dislike( khoõng thớch,khoõng ửa), discuss (thảo luận), consider( xem xeựt, cửựu xeựt), enjoy (thửụỷng thửực, hửụỷng), escape (trốn thoát), finish (hoaứn taỏt, laứm xong), give up/ quit: tửứ boỷ, thoõi), imagine (tửụỷng tửụùng), keep( giửừ), not mind ( khoõng phieàn), miss

(lỡ), practise ( thửùc haứnh), suggest( ủeà nghũ), prevent (ngăn chặn/ cản), can’t help( khoõng theồ ngaờn caỷn), can’t stand (khoõng theồ chũu ủửùng ủửụùc), can't help (không thể ngăn cản )resit (thi lại), resist

(kháng cự lại, chống lại), cease (ngừng, đừng) ….etc

I always avoid making noise in class.

Have you finished writing the report ?

Anne practised playing the piano at an early age

I don’t mind doing a lot of homework.

He can’t stand working ten hours a day.

When did you give up smoking, Bill ?

5 VERB+PREPOSITIONS + GERUND : ẹoọng tửứ theo sau giụựi tửứ thửụứng duứng ụỷ daùng Gerund

Approve of ( chaỏp thuaọn, taựn ủoàng), argue about ( tranh caừi veà…), complain about ( than phieàn, phaứn naứn veà…), concentrate on ( taọp trung vaứo…), depend on ( tuứy thuoọc vaứo…), decide on ( quyeỏt ủũnh veà…), feel like ( caỷm thaỏy thớch, thieõn veà…), forget about ( queõn veà…) Look forward to ( troõng mong,

ngoựng…), insist on ( naứi nổ…), keep on ( cửự tieỏp tuùc…), object to ( phaỷn ủoỏi veà…), plan on ( dửù tớnh veà…), rely on ( tin vaứo, dửùa vaứo…), succeed in ( thaứnh coõng trong vieọc…), think about ( nghú veà…), worry about ( lo nghú veà…, lo laộng veà…).

I’m interested in listening to music on the radio.

He’s bored with staying at home day after day.

Some people are afraid of driving in rush hours.

Many overweight people try to lose weight by going on a diet.

Don’t forget to turn off the gas before going out

6 ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION + GERUND: Caực tớnh tửứ ủi keứm giụựi tửứ ủửụùc theo sau bụỷi

Gerund

Accustomed to ( quen vụựi…), afraid of ( lo sụù, e sụù veà…), ashamed of ( xaỏu hoồ veà…), capable of ( coự khaỷ naờng, coự theồ… ) bored with ( chaựn vụựi…), disappointed in / with ( thaỏt voùng veà…), fond of ( thớch veà…), hopeful of ( hy voùng veà…), intent on ( ủeo ủuoồi, chaờm chuự veà…), interested in ( quan taõm veà…), opposed to ( choỏng ủoỏi vụựi…),proud of ( haừnh dieọn veà…), responsible for ( coự traựch nhieọm veà…), sorry about ( aõn haọn veà…), successful in ( thaứnh coõng trong…), surprised at ( ngaùc nhieõn veà…), tired from ( meọt nhoùc vỡ…), tired of ( chaựn vụựi…), worried about ( lo laộng veà….).used to ( quen vụựi…).

Police soon get accustomed to arresting criminals.

Are you capable of completing the work within an

hour ?

Eli Whitney is famous for inventing the cotton gin

The driver was intent on passing the other

car

The treasurer is responsible for keeping the

books

7 After some Verbs + Object Combinations

Ex: We saw the thief entering the house.

Or He spent five hours doing his task

8 In some other structures :

It’s no good / use, there is no point, what’s the point of, what about , be worth, be busy, look forward to, be used to / be accustomed to / get used to, can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand ……

II THE INFINITIVE ( TO + VERB )

1 Subject of the sentence ( Chuỷ tửứ cuỷa caõu )

Ex : To help her is my duty

2 Verbs + to - Infinitive

Agree ( ủoàng yự,nhaỏt trớ), afford, appear ( xuaỏt hieọn), arrange( saộp xeỏp,thu xeỏp), attempt( coỏ gaộng),

ask ( ủoứi hoỷi,yeõu caàu), choose ( choùn, lửùa), decide ( quyeỏt ủũnh), demand ( ra leọnh), expect

( mong,troõng ngoựng), fail ( hoỷng,khoõng thaứnh coõng,(thi) rụựt), happen (xaỷy ra) , hope ( hy voùng), learn ( hay tin), manage ( xoay sụỷ, tửù lo ủửụùc), offer ( daõng ,taởng), plan ( keỏ hoaùch, dửù tớnh),

pretend ( giaỷ vụứ), promise (hửựa heùn), refuse ( tửứ choỏi), seem ( coự veỷ nhử, dửụứng nhử), threaten ( ủe doùa), want, wish ( ao ửụực), would like ( muoỏn), intend (dự định), tend (có xu hớng), claim (tuyên

bố, khẳng định), desire (mơ ớc, mong muốn), hope, hesitate (do dự, ngập ngừng) …etc.

I decide to study engineering at University

She’s expecting to get a reply from the

company

Do you agree to join us for the holyday ?

Mary learned to swim when she was young

We can’t afford to build a new house.

Bob refused to lend me his car.

You manage to get some tickets for the pop concert

on Saturday

3 verbs + O + to - ìninitive

want, ask, tell, request (yêu cầu), order (sai phái), beg (van xin), remind (nhắc nhở), invite (mời), advise (khuyên), warn (cảnh báo), promise (hứa), encourage (khuyến khích)…

He tell s me to send this letter.

The teacher encouraged Lan to join English club.

4 be/ look/ seem/ feel + ADJECTIVE + TO infinitive:

Afraid ( sụù, e sụù ), ashamed ( xaỏu hoồ ), considerate ( teỏ nhũ ), disappointed ( thaỏt voùng ), eager ( haờm hụỷ), foolish ( ủieõn roà), fortunate ( may maộn, heõn ), happy ( sung sửụựng ), lucky ( may maộn ), pleased ( haứi loứng), proud ( haừnh dieọn), qualified ( coự ủuỷ tử caựch ), ready ( saỹn saứng), sorry ( aõn haọn) surprised ( ngaùc nhieõn), angry(giận dữ ), prepared (đợc chuẩn bị), glad (vui mừng), proud (tự hào) I’m afraid to drive alone at night.

Were you disappointed not to win the race ?

The actress seems eager to go on stage.

The parents are proud to have a healthy child.

Citizens ought to feel lucky to be able to vote.

He was not at all surprised to hear the news.

I’m looking for someone qualified to type a thesis

The party is ready to serve.

I'm glad to see you again

5 After the verb TO BE

Ex : We are to pass the next exam.

My purpose is to win the next English competition

6 After Noun ( Infinitive of Purpose ) : TO / IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO + V (bare infinitive )

Ex : There are lots of things to do today.

Ex : He studies hard so as to pass the entrance examination.

III BARE - INFINITIVE

1 After modal verbs: can, may, must, …

EX: I must go home now.

2 After had better, would rather, do nothing but.

EX: He did nothing but complain about his life.

You’d better stay at home today.

3 Make

Let

EX: The clowns made them laugh a lot last night

IV VERB FOLLOWED BY EITHER INFINITIVE OR GERUNDS

 Without changing in meaning : Start ( baột ủaàu, khụỷi ủoọng), begin ( baột ủaàu), continue ( tieỏp tuùc), intend ( tớnh, dửù ủũnh), like, love, hate ( gheựt), prefer (thớch hụn, ửa hụn)

It began to rain when I went to school It began raining when I went to school

+ O + V(bare-inf.)

When did you start learning English ?

It began raining heavily

Does Pam continue writing to you ?

He intended making a film for children

o When did you start to learn English ?

 VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE ( Cho yự nghúa khaực nhau ):

Stop doing st dừng việc gì lại He stopped smoking three years ago ( He

doesn’t smoke any more now.)

Stop to do st dừng để làm gì He stopped to smoke a cigarette ( He

stopped working in order to smoke )

thửỷ )

try to do st cố gắng You should try to study harder ( try = coỏ

gaộng )

forget/ remember

doing st quên/nhớ đã làm gì (V đó xóy ra

trước remember, forget, regret) I remember sending a postcard to my parents yesterday

He remembers meeting you when he was

in France ( He met you)

forget/remember

to do st quên / nhớ làm gì( To-inf xảy

ra sau remember, forget, regret)

Don't forget to wash the dishes

Remember to sent me a letter when you arrive in Ho Chi Minh city ( you will send.)

regret doing st tiếc đã làm gì She regretted not coming your birthday

party So she felt bored

regret to do st lấy làm tiếc phải làm gì I regret to inform you that you've failed

your exam

need to do st cần làm gì (nghĩa chủ động) You need to practise English every day.( =

You have to practise English every day)

need doing st

=need to be done

cần đợc làm gì (nghĩa bị động) Your shirt needs washing It smells ( =

Your shirt needs to be washed )

go on doing

= to continue doing

st

tiếp tục làm việc gì đó The teacher introduced herself and went on

to explain the course.

go on to do tiếp tục làm công việc tiếp theo

(việc khác) The teacher told everyone to be quiet, but

they just went on talking.

like to do thớch vỡ nghĩ rằng nú tốt, ý

thích nhất thời

I like to do my job well

Notes:

 would like + to- inf; feel like + V-ing (ước cú ) = wish for

 ALLOW, PERMIT, ADVISE, RECOMMEND

Allow = permit V-ing

+

 see smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O + Verb: khi chứng kiến toàn bộ sự việc

 see smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O + Verb - ing: khi chứng kiến một phần sự việc đang diễn ra

I saw someone get into Tom's house yesterday.

She heard him playing guitar It's really great, but she must go away.

2 DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU (GERUND AND INFINITIVE)

2.1 Những động từ theo sau là BARE INFINITIVE (V0)

1 MODAL VERBS

Will, would, can, could, may, might, shall, should, had better, must, ought to, have to…

Eg: I can swim

2 WOULD RATHER

Eg: We would rather die than be slaves

3 MAKE / LET / HAVE + OBJECT

Eg My mother made me wash my hand before dinner

Notes : passive form : be made to infinitive :

Eg: I was made to wash my hand before dinner

4 USED TO

Eg: I used to go the the beach when I studied at Quy Nhon university

5 VERBS OF PERCEPTION ( SEE/ NOTICE/ HEAR/ FEEL/ WATCH/ SMELL)

see/ feel/ notice/ hear/ watch/ smell + object + bare infinitive ( bare infinitive mô tả toàn bộ hành động )

Eg: I saw him leave the house

2.2 Những động từ theo sau bởi “TO V”

1 VERBS + TO INFINITIVE

Agree, attempt, arrange, appear, be afford, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, forget, fail, hope,happen, hesatite, intend, learn, long, manage, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, proceed, prove,refuse, remember, seem, swear, tend, threaten, try, undertake, vow, volunteer, want, wish, would like…

Eg: Mary learned to swim when she was very young

2 VERB + OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE

Ask, allow, advise, beg, command, enable, encourage, forbid, force, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade,remind, request, show/ show how, teach/ teach how, tell/tell how, train, warn…

Eg: Joe ask Mary to call him when she woke up

Notes: MỘt số động từ có thể được dùng cả ở hai cấu trúc 1 và 2: expect, want, ask…

3 ADJECTIVES + TO INFINITIVE

able (có thể), anxious (nóng lòng), amazed (ngạc nhiên), afraid (sợ), certain (chắc chắn), contented (bằnglòng), delighted (vui mừng), disappointed (thất vọng), difficult (khó khăn), dangerous (nguy hiểm)…….Eg: We are ready to leave now

Eg: It takes me 15 minutes to go to school.

* S+ to be + too+ adj+(for sb) + to- V

Eg: This room is too small for us to live

* S+ to be+ adj+ enough+ to- V

Eg: She is old enough to do everything by herself

* S+ V+ enough+ N+ to- V

Eg: She doesn’t have enough time to do the housework

2.1 Những động từ theo sau bởi “Ving”

2.3 Những động từ theo sau bởi cả “TO V hoặc Ving”

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 2

1 Students stopped noise when the teacher came in

2 She couldn’t bear tears when she saw the film “Romeo and Juliet”

3 Ann likes but she hates up

A cook/washing B to cook/wash C cooking/washed D cooking/washing

4 I’d expected weight on when I gave up smoking, but I didn’t

5 I enjoy to classical music

6 I really regret your feeling when I asked you such a silly question

7 He’ll try the same mistake again

A not make B to not make C not making D not to make

8 Would you mind me a newspaper?

9 Would you like the next dance with me?

10 It is no use - no one ever gets out of here

A trying to escape B to try to escape C trying escaping D to try escaping

11 Did you remember Ann? - Oh, no I completely forgot it

12 Does the city government intend anything about pollution?

A do B to do C doing D.did

13 Those shirts need but you needn’t them now

A iron/iron B to iron/to iron C ironing/iron D ironed/to iron

14 They finished and then they wanted out for pleasure

A learn/to go B to learn/go C learnt/goes D learning/to go

15 I hope that tiring work again

16 They postponed an Element School for the lack of finance

17 It’s no use him He never allows anybody him advice

A advise/give B to advise/to give C advising/giving D advising/to give

18 Are his ideas worth to?

19 He always avoids me in the streets

20 My parents decided a taxi because it was late

21 Do you agree me some money?

22 Tom refuses his address

23 The passengers asked her how to the police station?

24 My friends arranged at the airport in time

25 Do you plan out or at home at this weekend?

A go/stay B to go/stay C going/stay D to go/staying

26 I dislike _ in line.- So do I That’s why I prefer at night when there are fewer people

in the supermarket

A wait/shop B to wait/shopping C waiting/shopping D waiting/to shop

27 He continued after his illness

28 My watch’s hands keep

29 My grandfather is used to up early in the morning

30 Don’t forget her my message when you see her

31 I can’t help his opinions

A consider B to consider C considering D considered

32 You should try any shirts you want to buy

33 He used to fall asleep without his shoes off

34 He spent many hours to repair his car

35 Mary agreed to the circus with Ann

36 Mike is considering a new car

37 Mrs Green prefers TV to to the cinema

A watching/go B to watch/going C watching/going D watches/go

38 She expects him tomorrow, but I look forward to _ him right away

A see/see B to see/see C see/seeing D to see/seeing

39 They advised me a raincoat

40 You’d better what you think in front of the conference

41 I regret able to attend your birthday party yesterday

42 I had to ask the boys billiards all the day

A to stop/playing B to stop/to play C stopping/playing D stops/to play

43 My teacher promised me for my next examination

A help/prepare B to help/prepare C helping/to prepare D helped/preparing

44 Did you manage these parcels alone?

A finishing/to pack B finishing/packing C to finish/to pack D to finish/packing

45 American women have got used to independently recently

46 We won’t let you what we are going to do with him

47 I suggest money for the poor people in our neighborhood

48 The candidates are not allowed their mobile phones for their exams

49 This coffee is too hot for me

50 My English teacher encouraged me English grammar more carefully

3 CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)

Câu điều kiện dùng để nêu lên một giả thiết về một sự việc, mà sự việc đó chỉ có thể xảy ra khi điều kiện

được nói đến xảy ra

Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần (hai mệnh đề):

+ Mệnh đề chính (main clause) là mệnh đề chỉ kết quả

+ Mệnh đề if (if-clause) là mệnh đề phụ chỉ điều kiện

Hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện có thể đổi chỗ cho nhau được Nếu muốn nhấn mạnh điều kiện, ta đặt clause ở đầu câu và có dấu phẩy (,) ở giữa hai mệnh đề Nếu muốn nhấn mạnh kết quả, ta đặt “mainclause” ở đầu và giữa hai mệnh đề không có dấu phẩy

if-Các loại câu điêu kiện

Có 3 loại câu điều kiện: Loại 1 (câu điều kiện có thật trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai), loại 2 (câu điều kiện không có thật trong hiện tại), loại 3 (câu điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ).

3.1 Câu điều kiện loại 1

If + S + V(hiện tại đơn), S + will/can/may/should/ought

to/must + V

If it rains, we will stay at home

(Nếu trời mưa, chúng tôi sẽ ở nhà).

- diễn tả về tìnhhuống có thể xảy ra ởhiện tại hoặc tươnglai

If + S + V(hiện tại đơn), V/don’t V +

If you know the answer, raise your hand

(Nếu bạn biết câu trả lời, hãy giơ tay).

If you need the help, don’t hesitate to call me

(Nếu bạn cấn giúp đỡ, đừng chần chừ gọi cho mình nhé).

- dùng để đưa ra lờichỉ dẫn, yêu cầu hoặcmệnh lệnh

If + S + V(hiện tại đơn), S + V(hiện tại đơn)

If you eat too much, you are overweight

(Nếu bạn ăn nhiều, bạn sẽ béo phì).

If you put a bowl of water in the sun, it evaporates

(Nếu bạn để một bát nước dưới trời nắng, nó sẽ bốc hơn).

- diễn tả sự thật hiểnnhiên, một quy luật

tự nhiên hoặc mộthành động xảy rathường xuyên

Should + S + V (bare), S + will/can/may + V

Should you see her, remind her to call me as soon as possible

(Nếu bạn gặp cô ấy, nhắc cô ấy gọi cho mình càng sớm càng tốt

nhé”).

- để câu nói thêmtrang trọng ta dùngđảo ngữ (thay “if’

bằng “should”)

3.2 Câu điều kiện loại 2

If + S + V(quá khứ đơn), S + would/could/might +

V(bare)

If I had money now, I would buy a new car

(Nếu tôi có tiền bây giờ, tôi sẽ mua một chiếc ô tô mới).

- diễn tả những giả định tráingược với thực tế ở hiện tại

Were + S + (to V) , S + would/could/might + V(bare)

Were you in my situation, what would you do?

(Bạn sẽ làm gì nếu bạn ở trong hoàn cảnh của tôi?)

- để câu nói thêm trangtrọng ta dùng đảo ngữ

3.3 Câu điều kiện loại 3

Had + S + Vp2, S + would/could/might+ have + Vp2

Had I known you were coming to Ha Noi, I wouldn’t have gone

on holiday

(Nếu tôi biết bạn tới Hà Nội thì tôi có lẽ đã không đi du lịch).

- để câu nói thêmtrang trọng ta dùngđảo ngữ (đảo “had”của mệnh đề “if”lên đầu)

If it hadn’t been for + N, S + would/could/might+ have + Vp2

= Had it not been for + N, S + would/could/might+ have + Vp2

= But for/without + N, S + would/could/might+ have + Vp2

(nếu không có thì đã)

If it hadn’t been for his father’s help, he wouldn’t have succeeded

= Had it not been for his father’s help, he wouldn’t have

succeeded

= But for/without his father’s help, he wouldn’t have succeeded

(Nếu không có sự giúp đỡ của bô’ anh ấy, anh ấy có lẽ đã không

thành công).

- để nhấn mạnhdanh từ trong câuđiều kiện loại 3

3.4 Câu điều kiện kết hợp

If + S + V(quá khứ hoàn thành), S + would/could + V(bare)

If I had had breakfast, I wouldn’t feel hungry now

(Nếu tôi đã ăn sáng thì bây giờ tôi đã không thấy đói).

kết hợp câu điềukiện loại 3 và loại2

If + S + V(quá khứ đơn), S + would/could/might + have + Vp2

If I didn’t I have to go to school today, I would have gone on

holiday with my parents yesterday

(Nếu như hôm nay tôi không phải đi học thì có lẽ hôm qua tôi đã đi

nghỉ mát với ba mẹ rồi).

kết hợp câu điềukiện loại 2 và loại3

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 3

1 , he would have been able to pass the exam

A If he had been studied more B Had he studied more

C If he studied more D If he studies more

2 According to some historians, if Napoleon had not invaded Russia, he the rest of the world

A had conquered B would conquer C would have conquered D conquered

3 Tony would have forgotten the appointment if I him

A don’t remind B didn’t remind C hadn’t reminded D reminded

4 “I’m going out now.” -” you happen to pass a chemist’s, please get me some aspirins.”

5 “What would you do in my position?” - “Were like that, I would complain to the manager.”

A I be treated B I treated C I to be treated D to treat

6 Had I studied harder, I better in the last exam

7 The book would have been perfect the ending

A had it not been for B it had not been for

C it hadn’t been for D hadn’t it been for

8 He said if he had not answered the phone at the petroleum station then, he a fine

9 If taller, I might be better at basketball

10 the book, please return it to me

A Should you find B You find C Were you to find D If you found

11 If she sick, she would have been to the party with me

12 anyone object, the plan will be reconsidered

13 Had I known that you were ill last week,

A I would have gone to see you B I would go to see you

C I will go to see you D I shall have gone to see you

14 Students will not be allowed into the exam room if they their student cards

15 Without your help, I the technical problem with my computer the other day

16 If Martin were here now, he US to solve this difficult problem

A would help B helps C will help D has helped

17 If he didn’t have to work today, he his children to the zoo

18 If you didn’t have to leave today, I you around the city

19 If our teacher were here now, he US with this difficult exercise

20 If he were younger, he a professional running competition now

A will join B had joined C would have joined D would join

21 If you watch this film, you about the cultures of Southeast Asian countries

A learned B were learning C will learn D would learn

22 If he were better qualified, he get the job

23 If life predictable it would cease to be life, and be without flavor

24 That sounds like a good offer I it if I you

A would accept - were B accepted - would be

25 If he improved his IT skills, he a job

C will easily have got D would easily have got

26 If it had not rained last night, the roads in the city so slippery now

C could not have been D would not have been

27 ten minutes earlier, you would have got a better seat

28 If it their encouragement, he could have given it up

29 But for his kind support, I

A would not have succeeded B did not succeed

30 - Jean: “Why didn’t you tell me about the plans for the merge?”

- Jack: “I would have told you .”

31 We on the beach now if we hadn’t missed the plane

A will lie B could be lying C will be lying D might have lain

32 If I were in charge, I things differently.

A had done B would do C would have done D will do

33 If a drop of oil is placed in a glass of water, it to the top

A will float B would float C does float D should float

34 anyone call, just say I’ll be back in the office at four o’clock

35 me twice my current salary, I wouldn’t work for them

C Were they not to pay D Had they not paid

36 If I just one year younger, I would be eligible for the scholarship

37 If we are not busy this weekend, we the new fruit farm in the countryside

A will visit B would visit C would have visited D visited

38 If you follow my directions, you her house easily

A would find B would have found C found D will find

39 advised on what and how to prepare for the interview, he might have got the job

A Had he been B If he had C Unless he had been D Were he to be

40 If my father bankrupt last year, he could own the luxurious car now

A didn’t go B hadn’t gone C wasn’t going D weren’t to go

41 If I had enough money, I abroad to improve my English

42 If you to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now

A listen B had listened C will listen D listened

43 If you Tom, tell him I have a message for him

44 If I lived nearer the centre, I always late for work

45 If we had known your new address, we to see you

46 she agreed, you would have done it

47 If you to be chosen for the job, you’ll have to be experienced in the field

48 If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy saved

49 If there enough water, the rice fields could have been more productive

50 If he a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post

-She is a goodstudent.

every, always, constantly (luôn luôn), usually, often, frequently,

generally, normally

(thường), sometimes, occasionally (thỉnh

thoảng), seldom (ít khi), rarely (hiếm khi), never (không bao giờ), on Mondays, Tuesdays, ……

-Diễn tả 1 thóiquen, 1 hđ xảy rathường xuyên ởHT

-Diễn tả 1 chân lý,

1 sự thật hiểnnhiên

now, right now, at the moment, at present, this (summer, year …), ngoại trừ this morning

look, listen, be quiet, keep silent ….

-Diễn tả 1 hđ đangdiễn ra và kéo dài

1 time ở HT-Thường tiếp theosau câu đề nghị,mệnh lệnh

-Diễn tả hđ sắpxảy ra

3

Present

Perfect

S + have / has + V 3/ed

S + have / has + not + V 3/ed

Have / has + S + V 3/ed ?

-I have just seen mysister in the park-Daisy has read thatnovel several times

-Mary has lived inthis house for tenyears

-I have gone to Hanoi

just (vừa mới), recently (gần đây), lately (vừa rồi), already (vừa xong), yet (chưa), never (chưa bao giờ), once (1 lần), twice (2 lần), three times, several times, mamy times, since (từ khi), for (khoảng tg),

so far = until now = up to now = up to the present (cho tới bây giờ), this is the first / second / third

-Diễn tả 1 hđ đượclặp đi lặp lại ở QK-Diễn tả 1 hđ bắtđầu từ QK mà cònkéo dài tới HT -Diễn tả 1 hđ xảy

ra trong QK màkhông biết rõ tg

HT và còn có khảnăng tiếp tục ở TL

ago, yesterday, in + year

in the past, last (week, month, year), in the past,

in those days,

-Diễn tả 1 hđ xảy

ra trg QK, chấmdứt rồi và biết rõtg

-Diễn tả sự kiệnlịch sử

6 Past

Contin

uous

S + was / were + V-ing

S + was / were + not +

V-ing

Was / were + S + V-ing ?

-Yesterday, he waslistening to music inhis room all theafternoon

-What were youdoing at this timeyesterday?

-When I cameyesterday, he wassleeping

-I was cooking while

my sister wasstudying last night

at + hour in the past (at 2.30 yesterday), at that time, at this time + time

in the past (at this time in 2000), all + time (all tha day), during + time (during the day), when, while

-Diễn tả hđ xảy ra

và kéo dài 1 tg ởQK

-Diễn tả hđ xảy ravào 1 thời điểm ởQK

- Diễn tả hđ đangxảy ra ở QK thì có

hđ khác xen vào-Diễn tả 2 hđ đangcùng xảy ra trongQK

S + had + hardly + V3/ed + when + S + V2/ed

- Diễn tả hđ xảy ratrước 1hđ khác trg

QK, hoặc trước 1thời điểm trg QK

8 Past

Perfect

Contin

uous

S + had + been + V-ing -The men had been

playing cards for 2hours before I came-By July last year, Ihad been living inParis for 3 years

by + time in the past + for + time (by July last year for 3 year…), before …

- Diễn tả hđ QK đãxảy ra và kéo dàicho đến khi hđ QKthứ hai xảy ra

S + will + be + V-ing -What will you be

doing when I cometomorrow?

-He will be doingresearch at this timetomorrow

when, while, at + time in the future (at 2.30 tomorrow), at this time tomorrow

- Diễn tả hđ sẽ xảy

ra và kéo dài suốt

1 tg ở TL

- Diễn tả hđ sẽđang xảy ra vào 1thời điểm ở TL

- Diễn tả hđ sẽhoàn tất trước 1thời điểm ở TLhoặc trước 1 hđkhác ở TL

S + will + have + been +

th, I willhave been workingfor this company for

6 years

-Diễn tả hđ sẽhoàn tất trước 1thời điểm ở TLhoặc trước 1 hđkhác ở TL nhấnmạnh tính liên tụccủa hđ

4.2 Sự phối thì

Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian:

Main clause (Mệnh đề chính)

Adverbial clause of time (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)

1 TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ I will wait here until she comes back.

2 TLĐ + after + HTHT He will go home after he has finished his work.

3 while / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ While I was going to school, I met my friend.

4 QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD

It (start) - to rain while the boys (play) - football

5 QKTD + while + QKTD

Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games

6 HTHT + since + QKĐ I (work) - here since I (graduate) -.

7 TLHT + by / by the time + HTĐ He will have left by the time you arrive.

8 QKHT + by the time / before + QKĐ He (leave) - by the time I came.

9 After + QKHT, QKĐ After I had finished my homework, I (go) - to bed.

10 QKĐ + after + QKHT I (go) - to bed after I (finish) - my work.

11 Before + QKĐ + QKHT Before she (have) - dinner, she (write) - letter.

12 QKHT + before + QKĐ She (write) - a letter before she (have) - dinner.

13 QKĐ + since then + HTHT I (graduate) - in 2002 since then I (work) - here

* Đổi thì quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành

1 S + last + V quá khứ đơn + thời gian + ago.

 S + V hiện tại hoàn thành (phủ định) + for + thời gian

 It’s + thời gian + since + S + last + V quá khứ đơn.

 The last time + S + V quá khứ đơn + was + thời gian + ago.

2 This is the first time + S + HTHT khẳng định

 S + HTHT never + before

3 S + began / started + V-ing +

 S + have / has + V3/-ed + for / since

-Ex: We last went to London two years ago

= We

= It’s

= The last time

This is the first time I have visited Hanoi

- I

I began learning English five years ago

- I have

-BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 4

1 Jane law at Harvard for four years now

A is studying B has been studying C studies D studied

2 This time tomorrow on the beach sunbathing and drinking freshly squeezed fruit juice!

3 We for three hours and we are very tired

4 She for hours That’s why her eyes are red now

A cried B has been crying C was crying D has cried

5 When I last saw him, he in London

A is living B has been living C was living D lived

6 By the time he arrives here tomorrow, they for London

A would have left B will have left C will left D are leaving

7 Mr Pike English at our school for 20 years before he retired last year

8 They for Japan at 10.30 tomorrow

A will be leaving B have left C will have left D will leave

9 When I to the airport, I realized that I my passport at home

A got/had left B got/left C had got/had left D got/was left

10 I was angry when you saw me because I with my sister

A have been arguing B had been arguing C argued D would argue

11 Call me as soon as you your test results

12 I to Greece until Sally and I went there last summer

A have never been B had never been C was never being D were never

13 I along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me.

14 He occasionally a headache in the morning

15 The boy fell while he down the stairs

16 I will come and see you before I for America

17 When the first child was born, they _ for three years

18 It a long time since we were apart I did not recognize her

19 Many of the people who attended Mr David’s funeral him for many years

A didn’t see B wouldn’t see C haven’t seen D hadn’t seen

20 We were both very excited about the visit, as we each other for ages

A never saw B didn’t see C hadn’t seen D haven’t seen

21 In one year’s time, she for this company for 15 years

22 His health has improved a lot since he doing exercises regularly

23 She hurt herself while she hide-and-seek with her friends

24 .What at 9 o’clock last night? I phoned you but couldn’t get through to you

A did you do B were you doing C would you do D had you done

25 It is raining heavily with rolls of thunder We such a terrible thunderstorm

A would never see B had never seen C have never seen D never see

26 I _ my old teacher last week

27 My brother usually me for help when he has any difficulties with his homework

28 I all of my homework last night

A finish B will finish C have finished D finished

29 Lan learning English a few years ago

30 Only after she from a severe illness did she realize the importance of good health

31 Only after the bus for a few miles did Jane realize she was on the wrong route.

32 The children to bed before their parents came home from work

A were all going B had all gone C had all been going D have all gone

33 Paul noticed a job advertisement while he along the street

34 I haven’t met him again since we school ten years ago

35 For the last 20 years, we significant changes in the world of science and technology

A witness B have witnessed C witnessed D are witnessing

36 My best friend Lan to England 10 years ago

37 Mr.Pike for this company for more than thirty years, and he intends to stay here untilhe

C has been working/retires D is working/will retire

38 While I at the bus stop, three buses went by in the opposite direction

39 By the end of last March, I English for five years

C will have been studying D will have studied

40 Alan for hours but he hasn’t answered his mobile I hope nothing’s wrong

A I call B I’ve been calling C I’m calling D called

41 We in silence when he suddenly me to help him

A walked - was asking B were walking - asked

C were walking - was asking D walked - asked

42 By the time the software on sale next month, the company $2 million on developingit

C has gone - will spend D goes - will have spent

43 When Carol last night, I my favorite show on television

A called /was watching B had called /watched

C called /have watched D was calling /watched

44 Linda took great photos of butterflies while she in the forest

45 When I for my sister in front of the supermarket, a strange man came to talk with me

46 Over the past 30 years, the average robot price by half in real terms, and even further relative

to labor costs

A is fallen B has fallen C were fallen D have fallen

47 When I came to visit her last night, she a bath.

48 John in the same house since he left school

49 Since Tom , I have heard nothing from him

50 He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he _ dinner

A finish B has finished C will finish D finished

5 THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG- PASSIVE VOICE

I Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:

S + be* + P.P + by + O (* be chia theo thì của V) Passive: Bị động

Ex: They are painting the house.

→ The house is being painted

They had destroyed all the documents when we arrived

→ All the documents had been destroyed when we arrived.

II Thay đổi hình thức động từ cụ thể trong từng thì:

Modal verbs can

may must

S + have to + V1 should used to

be going to

can may must

S + have to + be + V3 should

used to

be going to

Ex:

1 John delivers the newspapers every morning.

The newspapers are delivered by John every morning.

2 My mother wrote that letter.

That letter was written by my mother.

3 They will build a new school here next month.

A new school will be built here next month.

4 He is asking me a lot of questions.

I am being asked a lot of questions.

5 She was doing her homework at that time.

Her homework was being done at that time.

6 My mother has made that cake.

That cake has been made by my mother.

7 They had prepared a party before we came.

A party had been prepared before we came.

8 Sue is going to write the book

The book is going to be written by Sue

9 You must finish this report

This report must be finished

NOTES: LƯU Ý:

1 Khi chủ ngữ và túc từ trong câu chủ động là đại từ, ta phải thay đổi cho phù hợp.

Ex: The teacher punished me.

 I was punished by the teacher

2 Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: people, I, we, you, they, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anybody…khi đổi sang bị động thường được bỏ đi

Ex: They built this bridge last year

 This bridge was built last year (by them)

3 Khi trong câu chủ động có 2 túc từ thì dùng tức từ nào làm chủ ngữ cũng được, tuy nhiên, túc từ chỉ người được sử dụng nhiều hơn.

Ex: My mother bought me a new shirt

 I was bought a new shirt by my mother

 A new shirt was bought for me by my mother.

4 Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là Noone/ noboby khi đổi sang bị động ta bỏ by noone/ nobody nhưng động từ phải đổi sang thể phủ định.

Ex: No one believes his story

 His story isn’t believed

5 Vị trí của trạng từ.

Trạng từ chỉ thể cách được đặt trứơc Past Participle.

Ex: I do my homework carefully

 My homework is carefully done

Ex: I lent him money yesterday

 He was lent money yesterday

 Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn được đặt trước by + O

Ex: Mary bought the gift from that shop

 the gift was bought from that shop by Mary

III MỘT SỐ DẠNG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT:

1 Verbs of opinion (Động từ chỉ ý kiến): say, think, believe, know, report, consider, expect,

feel, hope, know, understand…

Ex People say that he is a famous doctor.

It is said that he is a famous doctor.

He is said to be a famous doctor.

People believe that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.

It is believed that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.

He is believed to have driven through the town at 90 km an hour.

2 Causative forms(Thể nhờ bảo): have, get

Passive S + get + O (thing) + V3/ed

Ex: 1 I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.

I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.

2 I get her to make some coffee

I get some coffee made.

3 Verbs of perception (Động từ chỉ giác quan): see, hear, watch, smell…

Active: S +see/ hear/ watch/ smell + O +Vo / V-ing

Passive: S + be + seen/ heard/ watched/smelt + to Vo/ V-ing.

Ex: They saw the man run away / They saw the man running away

 The man was seen to run away / The man was seen running away

4 Với động từ make/ let + O + bare - infinitive

Active: S + make + O + bare - infinitive

Passive: S + be + made + to - infinitive.

Ex: Teacher make the students do a lot of homework

 Students are made to do a lot of homework.

Active: S + let + O + bare infinitive

Passive: S + be + allowed + to - infinitive.

Ex: She lets her son play computer games on Sunday afternoon

 Her son is allowed to play computer games on Sunday afternoon.

5 Với động từ: want/ need + to + V  want/need + V-ing/to be + V-ed/V3

Ex: He needs you to believe his ability.

 He needs to be believed his ability.

Ex: They need to repaint the house

 The house needs repainting = The house needs to be repainted

6 Remember/ hate/ keep…+ someone + V-ing.

Ex: I remember my mother taking me to school on the first day.

 I remember being taken to school on the first day by my mother

7 Imperative form (thể mệnh lệnh)

Active: Verb + object + adjunct

Passive: Let + object + be + past participle + adjunct.

Ex1: Keep your hand clean

 Let your hand be kept clean

Ex2: Don’t talk the secret to her

 Don’t let the secret be talked to her

8 It is your duty to do something  You are supposed to do something (bổn phận của bạn là….)

Ex: It’s your duty to lock all the doors.

 You are supposed to lock all the doors

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG

I Change the following sentences into the passive voice.

1 They grow rice in tropical countries

40 The hairdresser is cutting Mary’s hair now.

→ Mary is having her hair _

→ Mary is having the hairdresser

41 People know that English is an international language

II Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences

1 These T-shirts and jeans in the US in 1900

A have made B made C were made D make

2 The building is very dangerous It down next week

A knocked B will knock C will be knocked D was knocked

3 The room looks nice It

A was cleaning B has just been cleaned

C will be cleaned D is cleaning

4 We ………… each other for 10 years

A know B knew C have known D had known

5 Our twenty houses when the fire engine

A had burnt up / arrived B burnt up / had arrived

C had been burnt up / arrived D will have burnt / arrives

6 After I the grass, it to rain

A have watered / will begin B water / began

C had watered / began D had watered / will have begun

7 Next week when there a full moon, the ocean tides will be higher

A is being B is C will be D will have been

8 English is all over the world

A spoken B speak C speaks D to speak

9 Where will these coconut trees ?

A be planted B Planted C plant D be planting

10 Before Jane won the lottery, she any kind of contest

A hasn’t entered B doesn’t enter C wasn’t entering D hadn’t entered

11 My parents tomorrow to stay with me for a few days

A come B will have come C are coming D came

12 She left home in 1993 and since then

A hasn’t seen B didn’t see C hasn’t been seen D wasn’t seen13. your house painted last year?

A Had B Did C Was D Have

14 What you at 8 o’clock last night?

A did/ do B have/ done C were/ doing D had/ done

15 - “We are having a party at the weekend.” -“Great! Who _?”

A will being invited B Is going to invite \

C is going to be invited D will invite

16 This is the fifth time you the same question

A ask B asked C are asking D have asked

17 This church was said in the 19th century

A to build B to be built C to have been built D being built

18 In England, the academic year into three terms Each term by a week break

one-A is divided / separated B divided / is separated

C is divided / is separated D divided / separated

19 Gold in California in the 19th century

A was discovered B was discover

C has been discovered D they discovered

20 I am going to have my car

A service B to be serviced C serviced D servicing

21 Two tablets twice a day to have you recover from the illness quickly.

A must take B must be taken C must have taken D must be taking

22 The next meeting in May

A will hold B will be held C will be holding D will haveheld

23 They had a boy _ that yesterday

24 We got our mail _ yesterday

A been delivered B delivered C delivering D to deliver

25 James _ the news as soon as possible

A should tell B should be told C should told D should be telled

26 My wedding ring _ yellow and white gold

A is made B is making C made D make

27 Mr Wilson is _ as Willie to his friend

A known B knew C is known D know

28 References _ in the examination room

A not are used B is not used C didn’t used D are not used

29 Laura _ in Boston

A are born B were born C was born D born

30 His car needs

A be fixed B fixing C to be fixing D fixed

31 Her watch needs _

A repairing B to be repaired C repaired D A and B

32 My mother is going _ this house

A sold B sell C to be sold D to sell

33 There’s somebody behind us I think we are _

A being followed B are followed C follow D following

34 Have you _ by a dog?

A bite B bit C ever been bitten D ever been bit

35 The room is being _ at the moment

A was cleaned B cleaned C cleaning D clean

36 It _ that the strike will end soon

A is expected B expected C are expected D was expected

37 It is _ that many people are homeless after the floods

A was reported B reports C reported D reporting

38 He was said _ this building

A designing B to have designed C to design D designed

39 Ted _ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden

A got sting B got stung C get stung D gets stung

40 These tennis courts don’t _ very often Not many people want to play

A got used B used C get used D get use

41 I’ll get Minh _ this for you

42 Those letters _ now You can do the typing later

A need typing B needn't be typed C need to type D needn't typing

43 “What a beautiful dress you are wearing”- “thanks, it _ especially for me by a French tailor.”

A is made B has made C made D was made

44 Somebody cleans the room every day

A The room everyday is cleaned B The room is every day cleaned

C The room is cleaned every day D The room is cleaned by somebody ever

y day

45 People don’t use this road very often

A This road is not used very often B Not very often this road is not used

C This road very often is not used D This road not very often is used

46 How do people learn languages?

A How are languages learned? B How are languages learned by people?

C How languages are learned? D Languages are learned how?

47 Tom bought that book yesterday

A That book was bought by Tom yesterday B That book was bought yesterday by Tom

C That book yesterday was bought by Tom D That book was bought yesterday

48 The new computer system _ next month

A is be installed B is being installed by people

C is been installed D is being installed

49 Traffic rules strictly

A followed B must followed C must be followed D must follow

50 Over 1500 new houses _ each year Last year, 1720 new houses _

A were built/were built B are built/were built

C are building/were built D were built/were built

III Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction

1 The children were frightening by the thunder and lightning.

to raise our rent for two years.

- Mệnh đề quan hệ (hay mệnh đề tính ngữ) bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó

- Mệnh đề quan hệ được đặt sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa, được bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, và trạng từ quan hệ: WHERE, WHY, WHEN

Danh từ đứng trước

(Antecedent)

Chủ ngữ (Subject)

Tân ngữ (Object)

Sở hữu cách (Possesive Case)

1 Đại từ quan hệ (Relative Clauses)

a WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ từ trong MĐQH.

Ex: - I need to meet the boy The boy is my friend’s son

 I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son

- The woman is standing over there She is my sister

The woman who is standing over there is my sister

b WHO/ WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong MĐQH.

Ex:- I know the girl I spoke to this girl.

 I know the girl who/ whom I spoke to

- The man is my teacher Your father is talking to him

 The man who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher

c WHICH: - thay thế đồ vật, làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH.

Ex: - She works for a company It makes cars

 She works for a company which makes cars

- The elephants are big People keep the elephants in iron cages

 The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big

- Thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó

Ex: He passed his exam This pleased his parents.

He passed his exam, which pleased his parents (dùng dấu phẩy trước đại từ quan hệ)

d THAT: thay thế cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH trong MĐQH hạn định

Ex: - I need to meet the boy that/ who is my friend’s son

- The woman that/ who is standing over there is my sister

- I know the girl that/ who/ whom I spoke to

- The man that/ who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher

- She works for a company that/ which makes cars

- The elephants that/ which people keep in iron cages are big

* Những trường hợp thường dùng THAT:

- Sau cụm từ quan hệ vừa chỉ người và vật:

Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.

- Sau đại từ bất định: something, aynyone, nobody, all, much

Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.

All that is mine is yours.

- Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất, only, first, last

Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have.

- You are the only person that can help us.

- Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính là …)

Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.

(Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.)

* Những trường hợp không dùng THAT:

- Trong mệnh đề tính từ không xác định.

Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher

- Sau giới từ

Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale

e WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-).

Ex: - John found the cat Its leg was broken

 John found the cat whose leg /(the leg of which) was broken

- This is the student I borrowed his book

This is the student whose book I borrowed

f OF WHICH / OF WHOM:

Ex: - Daisy has three brothers All of them are teachers.

 Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers

- He asked me a lot of questions I couldn’t answer most of them.

 He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer

g Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính ngữ: (WHOM/WHICH)

Ex: - The man speaks English very fast I talked to him last night.

 The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast

- The house is for sale I was born in it.

 The house in which I was born is for sale

* LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ.

2 Trạng từ quan hệ (Relative Adverbs)

a WHERE (in/ on/ at which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn

Ex: - The movie theater is the place We can see films at that place

 The movie theater is the place where we can see films

b WHEN (in/ on which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian

Ex: - Do you remember the day We first met on that day

 Do you remember the day when we first met ?

c WHY (for which): thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do

Ex: - Tell me the reason You are so sad for that reason

 Tell me the reason why you are so sad

EXERCISE 1 : Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun.

1 The girl is my cousin She chatted with you yesterday