Test bank for life span development 1st australian edition by santrock

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Multiple Choice Questions - (60) Difficulty: Medium - (15)

Odd Numbered - (30) Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss the distinctive features of a life span perspective on development - (12)

Even Numbered - (30) Learning Objective: 1.2 Identify the most important processes, periods and issues in development - (18)

Difficulty: Easy - (25) Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the main theories of human development - (24)

Difficulty: Hard - (20) Learning Objective: 1.4 Explain how research on life span development is conducted - (6)

1 Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that:

begins at birth and continues throughout childhood

begins at conception and continues until adulthood

begins at birth and continues through the human life span

→ begins at conception and continues through the human life span

Multiple Choice Question

Question 01 Development can be defined as

the

Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss the distinctive features of a life span perspective

on development

2 The _ approach to the study of development emphasises extensive change from birth to adolescence,

especially during infancy, little or no change in adulthood and decline in old age

life span constructivist

→ traditional evolutionary

Question 02 The _ approach to the

study

on development

3 In their youth, Australian baby boomers shared the experience of the freedom rides, the rise of Gough

Whitlam and Beatles Mania These are examples of:

normative age-graded influences

→ normative history-graded influences

non-normative generational influences

non-normative age-graded influences

Question 03 In their youth, Australian baby

boomers

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss the distinctive features of a life span

perspective on development

4 The maximum life span of humans:

has increased over time

→ has not changed since the beginning of recorded history

has matched life expectancy in recent times

is about 78 years as the first decade of the twenty-first century draws to a close

Question 04 The maximum life span of

humans:

on development

5 If you subscribe to Paul Baltes' perspective of life span development, which of the following statements

would you NOT agree with?

Development is lifelong

→ Development is unidirectional Development is multidimensional

Development is contextual

Question 05 If you subscribe to

Paul

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss the distinctive features of a life span perspective on

development

6 Many individuals become wiser as they age, but their performance on tasks that require speed in processing

information starts to decline This illustrates how, throughout life, some dimensions or components of a dimension expand and others shrink, or how development is:

plastic

contextual

multidimensional

→ multidirectional

Question 06 Many individuals become wiser as

they

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss the distinctive features of a life span

Test Bank for Life Span Development 1st Australian Edition by Santrock Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

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7 Tzu-Chiang is 55 years old and is currently enrolled in a university algebra course He is pleasantly surprised

that he is performing well in the course despite not taking a formal maths class for over 30 years

Researchers would consider this an instance that illustrates how development is:

multidimensional

lifelong

contextual

Question 07 Tzu-Chiang is 55 years old

and

Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss the distinctive features of a life span perspective

on development

8 _ means the capacity for change

Elasticity

Contextuality Tenacity

Question 08 _ means the capacity for

change

Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss the distinctive features of a life span

9 The cultural makeup of the Australian population has changed over the past few years due to immigration

and other factors Such long-term changes in the genetic and cultural makeup of a population are also part of:

non-normative historical change

→ normative historical change

non-normative life events

non-normative demographic change

Question 09 The cultural makeup of the

Australian

Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss the distinctive features of a life span

10 Dr Wilman is researching the place women occupy in families in Japan and Australia Dr Wilman is

conducting a(n) _ study

longitudinal ethnocentric

→ cross-cultural

sequential

Question 10 Dr Wilman is researching the

place

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss the distinctive features of a life span perspective

on development

11 Socioeconomic status refers to:

the behaviour patterns, beliefs and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation

→ a person's position within society based on occupational, educational and economic characteristics

the degree to which development is similar, or universal, across cultures

a social label placed on a similar group of people based on their heritage, nationality, race, religion and language

Question 11 Socioeconomic status refers

to:

Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss the distinctive features of a life span perspective on

development

12 Laws passed to reform the welfare system, house the homeless, provide relief for catastrophes and improve

education would be examples of:

→ social policy

generational policy

programmatic legislation

socialised equity programs

Question 12 Laws passed to reform the

welfare

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss the distinctive features of a life span perspective

on development

13 Two concepts that help provide a framework for describing and understanding an individual's development

are:

developmental psychology and behaviour

developmental characteristics and traits

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developmental challenges and opportunities

→ developmental processes and periods

Question 13 Two concepts that help provide

a

Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1.2 Identify the most important processes, periods and issues

in development

14 A developmental period refers to:

a historical circumstance common to people of a particular generation

→ a time frame in a person's life that is characterised by certain features

a time frame in which a person experiences maximum development

a time frame in a nation's history that is characterised by rapid development

Question 14 A developmental period refers

to:

Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1.2 Identify the most important processes, periods and issues

in development

15 The _ period is the time from conception to birth

perinatal

neonatal postnatal

Question 15 The _ period is the

time

Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1.2 Identify the most important processes, periods and issues in

development

16 Jonathan is almost completely dependent on his parents for his wants and needs and is only just beginning to

acquire language skills and sensorimotor coordination Jonathan is in the development period of:

late childhood

middle childhood

early childhood

Question 16 Jonathan is almost completely

dependent on

Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 1.2 Identify the most important processes, periods and

issues in development

17 Sandy is preoccupied with the pursuit of independence and identity and is spending more time with friends

and less with family Her thought is more logical, abstract and idealistic Sandy is most likely in:

middle childhood

late adulthood

early adulthood

Question 17 Sandy is preoccupied with the

pursuit

Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 1.2 Identify the most important processes, periods and

18 The developmental period that runs from approximately 40 years of age to about 60 years of age is:

central adulthood

the nesting years

the empty nest years

Question 18 The developmental period that runs

from

Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1.2 Identify the most important processes, periods and

19 Jessica spends a lot of time thinking about the choices she has made in her life and the events she has

witnessed She is adjusting to decreasing strength and health, and she has made several lifestyle changes as a

result Jessica is most likely in:

adolescence

early adulthood

middle adulthood

→ late adulthood

Question 19 Jessica spends a lot of

time

Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 1.2 Identify the most important processes, periods and issues in

development

20 _ has the longest span of any period of development and the number of people in this age group has

been increasing dramatically

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Middle and late childhood Adolescence

Middle adulthood

Question 20 _ has the longest span

of

development

21 According to the analysis included in the text, which of the following statements about the 'young-old' is

true?

They are people between 60 and 70 years of age

They have little potential for physical and cognitive fitness

They show considerable loss in cognitive skills

→ They can develop strategies to cope with the gains and losses of ageing

Question 21 According to the analysis

included in

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1.2 Identify the most important processes, periods and

22 Life span developmentalists who focus on adult development and ageing increasingly describe life span

development in terms of four 'ages' The 'third age' in this conceptualisation spans from:

adolescence to prime adulthood

20s through 50s (prime adulthood)

→ approximately 60 to 79 years of age

approximately 80 years to the time of death

Question 22 Life span developmentalists who

focus on

23 Lynne, 69, an avid golfer and fitness enthusiast, recently got a comprehensive health exam done, and her

doctor remarked that her vital organs were in such good shape that her _ age was about 10 years lower

than her chronological age

social mental

psychological

Question 23 Lynne, 69, an avid golfer

and

Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 1.2 Identify the most important processes, periods and issues in

development

24 The _ the person's _ age, the longer the person is expected to live

→ younger; biological

older; psychological older; chronological younger; social

Question 24 The _

the

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1.2 Identify the most important processes, periods and issues in

development

25 _ age is an individual's adaptive capacities compared with those of other individuals of the same

chronological age

Social

Physical Chronological

Question 25 _ age is

an

development

26 In the nature–nurture issue, nature refers to an organism's _, nurture to its _

personality traits; abilities environment; biology

→ biological inheritance; environmental experiences

acquired traits; heredity

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Question 26 In the nature–nurture issue, nature

refers

27 The _ issue involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or change

growth–decline

→ stability–change

traits–characteristics permanence–évanescence

Question 27 The _ issue involves the

degree

28 Ling's therapist attributes her delinquent behaviour to heredity and to the gross neglect she suffered as a baby

at the hands of her alcoholic mother Ling's therapist appears to be emphasising _ in development:

personality lifelong learning change

Question 28 Ling's therapist attributes her delinquent

behaviour

Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 1.2 Identify the most important processes, periods

and issues in development

29 The concept of discontinuity is characterised by:

→ qualitative change

quantitative change

cumulative change

gradual change

Question 29 The concept of discontinuity is

characterised

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1.2 Identify the most important processes, periods and

30 With regard to the three important issues concerning development—nature–nurture, stability–change and

continuity–discontinuity—life span psychologists:

→ do not take extreme positions

give primacy to the first issue

refuse to consider the opposite position

tend to align themselves rigidly with a certain position

Question 30 With regard to the three

important

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1.2 Identify the most important processes, periods and issues

in development

31 A theory may suggest _, which are specific assertions and predictions that can be tested

statistics variables classifications

Question 31 A theory may suggest _, which

Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the main theories of human development

32 _ theories describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily coloured by emotion

Behavioural Social–cognitive Ethological

Question 32 _ theories describe development as

primarily

Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the main theories of human

development

33 Dr Berenstein holds the view that behaviour is merely a surface characteristic and that a true understanding

of development requires the analysis of the symbolic meanings of behaviour and the deep inner workings of

the mind Dr Berenstein can be described as a(n):

→ psychoanalytic theorist

ethologist

cognitive theorist

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behavioural theorist.

Question 33 Dr Berenstein holds the view that

Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the main theories of human development

34 According to Sigmund Freud, our adult personality is determined by:

the way we resolve conflicts between home life and professional life

the resolution of adult realities versus childhood fantasies

maintaining the balance between family and friends

→ the way we resolve conflicts between sources of pleasure at each stage and the demands of reality

Question 34 According to Sigmund Freud, our

adult

development

35 Most contemporary psychoanalytic theorists believe that Sigmund Freud:

proposed a theory that has stood the test of time and needs no revisions

→ overemphasised sexual instincts

overemphasised cultural experiences as determinants of an individual's development

underestimated the role of the unconscious in determining development

Question 35 Most contemporary psychoanalytic theorists

believe that

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the main theories of human

development

36 One of the differences between Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson is that:

Freud believed that development occurred throughout the life span

Erikson believed that development lasted only until the age of 20

→ Erikson emphasised the importance of both early and later experiences

Erikson said that sexuality played a key role in the life span development of the individual

Question 36 One of the differences between

Sigmund

development

37 Ethan was a neglected child in his infancy Now, at 31 years of age, he is highly cynical about the world and

feels that no one can be trusted Whenever he is in a relationship with a woman, he has tremendous feelings

of suspicion towards his partner, and these feelings eventually lead to the break up of the relationship

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, this is a good indication that Ethan did not successfully resolve

the _ stage of development, which in turn is causing him to experience _ in his current

developmental stage

love versus hate; stagnation

→ trust versus mistrust; isolation

autonomy versus shame and doubt; confusion trust versus mistrust; stagnation

Question 37 Ethan was a neglected child in

38 Jenny, age 16, is in the process of deciding what she wants to study at university She wants to be an

engineer one day and a painter the next day Erik Erikson would say Jenny is in the _ stage of

development

intimacy versus isolation

→ identity versus identity confusion

initiative versus guilt industry versus inferiority

Question 38 Jenny, age 16, is in the Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the main theories of human development. Difficulty: Hard

39 Caitlin, age 25, has a good job as a financial analyst but she has few friends and has had no success in dating

She admits that being close to others is a problem for her According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory,

Caitlin is at risk of:

stagnation

guilt

→ isolation

shame and doubt

Question 39 Caitlin, age 25, has a good Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the main theories of human development. Difficulty: Hard

40 The final stage of Erik Erikson's developmental theory is:

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generativity versus stagnation

initiative versus guilt

→ integrity versus despair

intimacy versus isolation

Question 40 The final stage of Erik

41 Roger looks back on his life and feels that he failed to reach his potential, squandered opportunities and hurt

a lot of people At 82 years of age, he knows it is too late to make amends Roger is slipping into:

stagnation

isolation

mistrust

Question 41 Roger looks back on his life

42 Dr Wong is a cognitive developmental theorist, so we know that he will stress the importance of _ in

understanding development

repressed memories drives and impulses the effects of genes and evolution on the development of intelligence

Question 42 Dr Wong is a cognitive

developmental

Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the main theories of human

development

43 The _ stage, which lasts from birth to about two years of age, is the first Piagetian stage

preoperational

premotor concrete operational

Question 43 The _ stage, which lasts from

44 Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development:

span from conception to adulthood

span from birth to 15 years of age

span from conception to death

→ start at birth and continue through adulthood

Question 44 Jean Piaget's four stages of

cognitive

development

45 Jatinder, age 8, is very good at addition and subtraction, but he has a hard time understanding the complex

algebraic problems that his 14-year-old sister does Jatinder is currently in which of Jean Piaget's stages of

development?

Preoperational

→ Concrete operational

Formal operational

Conceptual operational

Question 45 Jatinder, age 8, is very good Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe the main theories of human development. Difficulty: Hard

46 Lev Vygotsky's theory emphasises how _ guide(s) cognitive development

→ culture and social interaction

biology the unconscious mind genes

Question 46 Lev Vygotsky's theory emphasises

47 The information-processing theory:

emphasises the influence of culture on development

→ emphasises that individuals manipulate information, monitor it and strategise about it

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states that individuals develop a gradually decreasing capacity for processing information.

states that thinking does not constitute information processing

Question 47 The information-processing theory:

48 Why do behavioural theorists emphasise behaviour in the study of development?

It allows inferences about underlying cognitive processes

→ We can study scientifically only what can be directly observed and measured

We can better understand the biology that causes our development

It indicates the way in which we have resolved prior crises during development

Question 48 Why do behavioural theorists emphasise

behaviour

development

49 Through _ the consequences of a behaviour produce changes in the probability of the behaviour's

occurrence

stimulus conditioning

→ operant conditioning

consequence conditioning genetic conditioning

Question 49 Through _ the consequences of

a

development

50 Amy, age 3, bangs her head against the wall repeatedly throughout the day How could BF Skinner's concept

of operant conditioning be applied to address this behaviour?

Explore experiences from Amy's early childhood and address them in therapy

Test Amy to determine her current level of cognitive functioning

Investigate Amy's psychosocial environment and eliminate stressors

→ Reward Amy when she does not bang her head and punish the head-banging behaviour

Question 50 Amy, age 3, bangs her head

51 Albert Bandura's most recent model of learning and development includes three elements: Behaviour,

environment and _

culture biology sensitive periods

Question 51 Albert Bandura's most recent model

of

development

52 A recent television documentary concluded that, from birth, girls are more nurturing than are boys You

agree with this because you believe nurturing is an evolutionary trait passed on through the generations,

because females need to be more nurturing to aid the survival of the species Your view reflects the _

perspective of development

existential ecological

theological

Question 52 A recent television documentary concluded

that,

development

53 John Bowlby illustrated an important application of ethological theory to human development where he

stressed that attachment to a caregiver _ has important consequences throughout the life span

within the first two years

in the first half of life through childhood

→ over the first year of life

Question 53 John Bowlby illustrated an important

application

development 54

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In Konrad Lorenz's view, imprinting needs to take place at a certain, very early time in the life of an animal,

or else it will not take place This point in time is called a _

receptive period sensitive period

→ critical period

bonding period

Question 54 In Konrad Lorenz's view, imprinting

needs

development

55 Dr Baird collects data on approach behaviours between strangers at the shopping mall on weekend

afternoons A strength of this naturalistic observational approach is that it:

→ occurs in a real-world setting

involves a structured set of interview questions

allows for more control over the observational setting

gives Dr Baird the best idea of how people behave under stress

Question 55 Dr Baird collects data on

approach

Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 1.4 Explain how research on life span development is

conducted

56 Dr Jackson's research has found that the correlation between IQ and head circumference is +0.10 From this

information, we can conclude that:

people with large heads have a higher IQ than people with smaller heads

→ there is scant relationship between head size and IQ

people with small heads tend to have a higher IQ than people with large heads

head circumference is an important predictor of IQ

Question 56 Dr Jackson's research has found

that

conducted

57 Which of the following correlations is the strongest?

–0.65 +0.46 +0.70

Question 57 Which of the following correlations

is

conducted

58 An experiment can be said to have demonstrated cause and effect when:

→ the behaviour under study changes when a factor is manipulated

the factor changes when the behaviour is modified

it suggests a correlation coefficient close to +/-1.00

it is tested by a peer group

Question 58 An experiment can be said

to

conducted

59 In an experiment, a researcher manipulates the _ variable and measures its effects on the _

variable

dependent; independent

operational; dependent independent; operational

Question 59 In an experiment, a researcher

manipulates

Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1.4 Explain how research on life span development

is conducted

60 Dr McLean has designed a study to test the cognitive skills of people in their 30s, 50s and 70s, where data is

collected over the course of a day through a series of tests What type of research approach is Dr McLean

using?

Longitudinal

Cohort

Latitudinal

→ Cross-sectional

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Question 60 Dr McLean has designed a

study

conducted

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