Test bank for CJ realities and challenges 2nd edition by masters

layer 1 layer 2 layer 3 → layer 4 Multiple Choice Question Level: Moderate Topic: The Wedding Cake Model Type: Application 11.. layer 1 layer 2 layer 3 → layer 4 Multiple Choice Questio

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This chapter has 70 questions.

Scroll down to see and select individual questions or

Topic: Can Crimes be Inherently Wrong? - (2) Topic: The Consensus Perspective - (6)

Topic: Corrections - (4) Topic: The Consequences of Crime - (2)

Topic: Crime Control Model - (3) Topic: The Right to DNA Testing after Conviction - (1)

Topic: Crimes Prohibited by Law - (1) Topic: The Rules that Bind: Norms and Laws - (7)

Topic: Discrimination - (3) Topic: The Structure of the Criminal Justice System - (2)

Topic: Domestic Issues - (1) Topic: The Wedding Cake Model - (5)

Topic: Domestic challenges - (2) Topic: Victim Services - (4)

Topic: Due Process Model - (6) Type: Application - (21)

Topic: Fear of crime - (3) Type: Comprehension - (3)

Topic: Global Challenges - (3) Type: Evaluation - (6)

Topic: Impact of Crime on Victims - (1) Type: Knowledge - (40)

1 In order for a behavior to be considered a crime it must be

→ defined by society as a crime

considered undesirable behavior by the public

against all social norms

witnessed by at least one person

Multiple Choice Question

Level: Basic Topic: The Rules that Bind: Norms and Laws

Type: Knowledge

2 Behaviors that society considers deviant

→ change across time and location

are consistent across time and location

are consistent only across time but differ across location

are consistent only across location but differ across time

Level: Basic Topic: The Rules that Bind: Norms and Laws

Type: Knowledge

3 Wearing your pajamas to work would be an example of a violation of a(n)

→ informal social norm

formal social norm

written law

behavior rule

Level: Moderate Topic: The Rules that Bind: Norms and Laws

Type: Application

4 The criminal justice system is set into motion when is violated

an informal social norm any social norm

→ a legal norm

a community standard

Type: Comprehension

5 Which perspective argues that laws are made to serve to represent the interest of the public majority?

conflict

→ consensus dominant hierarchical

Level: Basic Topic: The Consensus Perspective

Type: Knowledge

6 Which perspective argues that laws are tools of those who control society, used to serve their self-interest?

→ conflict consensus dominant hierarchical

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Multiple Choice Question Level: Basic

Topic: The Consensus Perspective

Type: Knowledge

7 Rewards for good behavior and punishments for bad behavior are

laws

corrective actions

behavioral adjustments

→ sanctions

Level: Basic Topic: Sanctions Type: Knowledge

8 Which criminal justice actor has the responsibility of instructing the jury for rendering a verdict?

→ judge

prosecutor court probation officer court mediator

Level: Basic Topic: Judicial System Type: Knowledge

9 Individuals who receive early release from prison, based on complying with certain standards while free, are under what type of supervision?

community watch probation

→ parole

correctional supervision

Level: Moderate Topic: Corrections Type: Knowledge

10 A first-time offender, charged with misdemeanor marijuana possession, would be best classified at what layer of the

wedding cake model?

layer 1 layer 2 layer 3

→ layer 4

Level: Moderate Topic: The Wedding Cake Model

Type: Application

11 Someone who receives a traffic citation for speeding would be best classified at what layer of the wedding cake model?

→ layer 4

Type: Application

12 A first-time offender who steals a car would be best classified at what layer of the wedding cake model?

layer 1 layer 2

→ layer 3

layer 4

Level: Difficult Topic: The Wedding Cake Model

Type: Application

13 The crime control model is mainly focused on

→ Efficient arrest and processing of alleged offenders

rehabilitation

offender rights

constitutional protections

Level: Basic Topic: Crime Control Model

Type: Knowledge

14 The due process model is mainly focused on

→ offender rights

punishment

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constitutional protections

Level: Basic Topic: Due Process Model

Type: Knowledge

15 The requirement that police must obtain a search warrant before searching a suspect's residents is supportive of which crime model?

→ due process model

crime control model evidence model suspect procedural model

Level: Moderate Topic: Due Process Model

Type: Application

16 Besides changing the law, how can the legislature influence the criminal justice system?

→ restricting funding

passing laws to force states to change their laws lobbying state governments

The legislature cannot influence the criminal justice system beyond changing the law

Level: Moderate Topic: Politics Type: Comprehension

17 In 2004 Scott Peterson went on trial for the murder of his wife and unborn child Even before the trial, the case had a great deal of media attention In fact, from the time the victim, Lindsay Peterson, was reported missing, the news reported

extensively on the case After a long trial, Scott was found guilty of a capital crime and was sentenced to death by lethal injection in 2005 Given the wedding cake model, under which level would the Scott Peterson case be classified?

→ layer 1

Type: Evaluation

18 In 2004 Scott Peterson went on trial for the murder of his wife and unborn child Even before the trial, the case had a great deal of media attention In fact, from the time the victim, Lindsay Peterson, was reported missing, the news reported

extensively on the case After a long trial, Scott was found guilty of a capital crime and was sentenced to death by lethal injection in 2005 In Westernized cultures, Scott Peterson's crime would most likely be classified as

→ mala in se.

mala prohibita.

a status violation

violation of informal social norms

Level: Moderate Topic: Can Crimes be Inherently Wrong?

Type: Evaluation

19 John and Greg are college roommates The two share an apartment but have separate bedrooms While Greg is at class, John enters his room and takes a few of Greg's personal items He never takes money, only clothes and other small

personal items Greg has noticed that things have been missing and when he asks John, John tells him he doesn't know where they are or who took them Greg does not suspect John Instead, he thinks other friends who frequently visit are responsible Given the above scenario, John's taking of Greg's items is best classified as a

deviant behavior

→ crime

deception

violation of norm

Level: Difficult Topic: The Rules that Bind: Norms and Laws

Type: Application

20 During her Introduction to Criminal Justice class, Kim's phone rings Instead of silencing it, she answers it and carries on a conversation with her roommate The people sitting around her give her disapproving glances to show their irritation The professor also stops the lecture and glares at her until she hangs up Kim is very embarrassed and sinks into her seat

Which type of sanction has Kim received?

→ informal

formal criminal regulatory Multiple Choice Question

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Level: Moderate Topic: The Consequences of Crime

Type: Application

21 During her Introduction to Criminal Justice class, Kim's phone rings Instead of silencing it, she answers it and carries on a conversation with her roommate The people sitting around her give her disapproving glances to show their irritation The professor also stops the lecture and glares at her until she hangs up Kim is very embarrassed and sinks into her seat Kim's behavior is an example of a violation of a

public rule

crime

behavioral rule

→ social norm

Type: Application

22 All fifty states and the District of Columbia have lowered the blood alcohol level required to charge a youth under 21 with driving under the influence These laws typically prohibit those under 21 from drinking if they have a BAC of 02 or

higher These state laws were passed after federal legislation was enacted in 1995 abolishing highway funding to states that did not pass these laws The above scenario is an example of legislatures affecting the law through

changing the law

→ funding distribution

lobbying

reallocation

Level: Moderate Topic: Politics Type: Application

23 After burglarizing a house, Tom is caught by the police Upon apprehension, the police arrest Tom and take him to the local jail Tom waits in jail until the next morning when he is taken to court for arraignment During the arraignment, Tom

is told of the charges filed against him At this time, Tom's attorney also asks the court for bail Because Tom has an

extensive prior record, no job, and no family living in the area, the judge denies bail and rules that Tom must wait in jail until sentencing Before the case goes to trial, Tom is offered a plea bargain by the district attorney assigned to the case Complying with the terms of the plea bargain, Tom pleads guilty and is sentenced to 9 months in jail followed by 12

months probation Tom's crime would be would be best classified at what layer of the wedding cake model?

layer 1

→ layer 2

layer 3 layer 4

Level: Difficult Topic: The Wedding Cake Model

Type: Evaluation

24 After burglarizing a house, Tom is caught by the police Upon apprehension, the police arrest Tom and take him to the local jail Tom waits in jail until the next morning when he is taken to court for arraignment During the arraignment, Tom

is told of the charges filed against him At this time, Tom's attorney also asks the court for bail Because Tom has an

extensive prior record, no job, and no family living in the area the judge denies bail and rules that Tom must wait in jail until sentencing Before the case goes to trial Tom is offered a plea bargain by the district attorney assigned to the case Complying with the terms of the plea bargain, Tom pleads guilty and is sentenced to 9 months in jail followed by 12

months probation In the above scenario, the criminal justice process began when

Tom attended arraignment at the court

→ Tom was arrested by the police

Tom was denied bail

Tom was offered the plea bargain

Level: Moderate Topic: The Structure of the Criminal Justice System

Type: Application

25 The vast majority of people living in our society want to be protected from violence and theft Because of this desire to be safe, our society has laws to prohibit members of our society from harming others and from taking possessions that belong

to others The laws described in the above scenario indicate evidence of what type of society?

conflict

→ consensus

organized radical

Level: Moderate Topic: The Consensus Perspective

Type: Application

26 Offenders who commit street crimes (e.g., muggings, burglaries) are typically sentenced to much more severe sentences than white-collar criminals (e.g., tax evasion, fraud) More money also is allocated to fight street crime than is allocated to fight white collar crime The disparities in punishments for these two types of crimes are evidence of what type of society?

→ conflict

consensus

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organized radical

Type: Application

27 Offenders who commit street crimes (e.g., muggings, burglaries) are typically sentenced to much more severe sentences than white collar criminals (e.g., tax evasion, fraud) More money also is allocated to fight street crime than is allocated to fight white collar crime Given the logic of this perspective, what would explain the differences in the punishments of the street crimes and the white collar crimes?

→ There is unequal distribution of wealth and power between the two groups

The two crimes incite various amounts of public fear

Street crime costs society more money than white-collar crimes

There are no victims in white-collar crimes

Type: Evaluation

28 Mala in se crimes are

→ wrong in and of themselves

wrong because the law says they are wrong

victimless

not universally agreed on as being wrong

Level: Basic Topic: Can Crimes be Inherently Wrong?

Type: Knowledge

29 An example of a mala prohibita crime that is not also necessarily a mala in se crime is

→ assisted suicide

rape

robbery

murder

Level: Moderate Topic: Crimes Prohibited by Law

Type: Application

30 The individuals most likely to be victims of crimes are

→ young males

young females

elderly females

elderly males

Level: Basic Topic: Fear of crime Type: Knowledge

31 Which movement resulted in the reform of the criminal justice system to be more concerned with victims of crime?

the Victim Awareness Project

→ Victim Rights Movement

Helping Victims Movement Concerning the Victims Movement

Level: Basic Topic: Impact of Crime on Victims

Type: Knowledge

32 Which group is the most fearful of crime?

→ elderly women

young men middle-aged men residents of rural communities

33 Statistics indicate that the level of fear of crime in the general public has over the past couple of years

→ decreased

increased stayed the same not been examined Multiple Choice Question

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34 Individuals who are most fearful of crime typically get their news from

→ local news

the Internet

national news

radio news

Level: Basic Topic: Media Coverage Type: Knowledge

35 Media reports on violent crimes such as murder give viewers the impression that

→ these crimes are more common than they actually are

these crimes are less common than they actually are

media coverage is accurate regarding the frequency of these crimes

these crimes never occur

Level: Basic Topic: Media Coverage Type: Comprehension

36 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the crime control model?

efficiency greater concern that guilty individuals will go unpunished attempt to arrest and convict a high number of offenders

→ emphasis on individual rights

Type: Knowledge

37 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of due process?

emphasis on individual's constitutional rights

→ processing offenders through the system as quickly as possible

notifying individuals of their rights making sure offenders are guilty beyond a reasonable doubt

Type: Knowledge

38 The local news station reports on a burglary that occurs in small town The house was broken into when no one was home and only small items were taken After watching their local news, a group of neighbors on the opposite side of town that the burglary took place decide to band together and set up a vigilante group to police their streets They also decide it is necessary to arm themselves with firearms while they roam their neighborhood Their reaction is an example of

→ moral panic

moral organization

response tactic

response organization

Level: Moderate Topic: Media Coverage Type: Application

39 What percentage of African American males age 20-29 are under the supervision of the criminal justice system?

one-half one-tenth

→ one-third

three-fourths

Level: Basic Topic: Discrimination Type: Knowledge

40 Of the following statements, which is true about youths and drug use?

→ White youths use more drugs than Black youths

Black youths use more drugs than White youths

Black and White youths use drugs at the same rate

Black and White youths are equally represented in the criminal justice system for drug use

41 A local neighborhood is concerned about the number of unsupervised youths that are present in their area Recently, there has been an increase in the number of vandalisms and thefts from the communities' households Most of the people in the

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neighborhood believe the youths are the perpetrators of these incidents To deal with the issue, they want an increased police presence in the area and want the city to implement a town curfew In an effort to get their demands, they join

together and begin calling and sending letters to the mayor's office threatening him that the members will not vote for him

in the next election if he does not pass a curfew law and increase police efforts Their group is a local example of a(n)

→ interest group

self-serving committee

political action group

interest committee

Level: Difficult Topic: Politics Type: Evaluation

42 Which state does NOT have a DNA testing law?

Texas Wisconsin New York

→ Alaska

Level: Basic Topic: The Right to DNA Testing after Conviction

Type: Knowledge

43 What was the incidence of violent crime in the United States in 2008?

30,200 per 100,000 population 1,250 per 100,000 population

→ 454 per 100,000 population

56 per 100,000 population

44 In the 1980s there was an ideological shift in the criminal justice system to be more focused on

→ punitive punishment

rehabilitation

drug treatment

therapy

Level: Basic Topic: Politics Type: Knowledge

45 A 2010 Gallup poll found that % of Americans supported the legalization of marijuana

23

69

92

Level: Basic Topic: The Consensus Perspective

Type: Knowledge

46 There are currently offenders in prison who have been convicted for crimes in which DNA was not tested Several of these offenders request that that these tests be done because it will prove that they did not commit the crimes for which they were found guilty Several district attorneys, however, contest their request and argue the tests are unnecessary as guilt has already been proven beyond a reasonable doubt The failure of states to accommodate DNA requests is reflective of which model?

due process model

→ crime control model

processing model evidence procedural model

Level: Difficult Topic: Due Process Model

Type: Evaluation

47 What are descriptions written by victims to describe how their victimizations affected them called?

feeling statements

→ victim impact statements

victim forms victimology forms

Level: Basic Topic: Victim Services Type: Knowledge 48

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While walking down the street, John witnesses his good friend being robbed and beaten The police rely heavily on what

he saw to find the perpetrator John also has to testify in court against the assailant He is very traumatized by the suffering

of his friend and his involvement in the criminal justice system In this scenario, John is a(n)

victim witness

impacted witness

→ secondary victim

crime victim

Level: Moderate Topic: Victim Services Type: Application

49 While walking down the street, John witnesses his good friend being robbed and beaten The police rely heavily on what

he saw to find the perpetrator John also has to testify in court against the assailant He is very traumatized by the suffering

of his friend and his involvement in the criminal justice system Who would you recommend as the best and most qualified person for John to speak with regarding his trauma?

a witness counselor police officers

a witness advocate

→ a victim advocate

50 The person who is appointed to assist victims with every aspect of the post-victimization period is called the

victim counselor

→ victim advocate

trauma advocate

public counselor

51 While intoxicated, a man breaks into a home he thinks is his own and falls asleep on the couch When the residents of the home find him, they call the police The man is arrested for breaking and entering The judge determines that for his

sentence he must commit himself to an in-house treatment center for 30 days What type of sentence did the man receive?

probation parole

→ alternative

community service

Level: Moderate Topic: Corrections Type: Application

sentence he must commit himself to an in-house treatment center for 30 days The man's behavior is an example of a

violation of a

public rule

→ formal norm

behavioral rule

social norm

Type: Application

sentence he must commit himself to an in-house treatment center for 30 days The sanction the man received is a(n)

sanction

→ formal

informal light treatment

Level: Moderate Topic: The Consequences of Crime

Type: Application

54 The two courts of the United States dual-court system are the

→ state and federal

state and government

government and local

county and state

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Level: Basic Topic: Judicial System Type: Knowledge

55 The third-largest international illicit trade activity is

weapons trafficking

→ human trafficking

drug trafficking

stolen goods trafficking

Level: Basic Topic: Global Challenges

Type: Knowledge

56 What have many jurisdictions recently established in an effort to deal with all the individuals in the criminal justice system with mental health problems?

→ mental health courts

mental hospitals treatment services counseling services

Level: Basic Topic: Domestic Issues Type: Knowledge

57 What are the main parts of the criminal justice system, in the contemporary view?

probation, law enforcement, corrections, and victim services

→ law enforcement, judiciary, corrections, and victims services

law enforcement, judiciary, corrections, and courts law enforcement, jails, prisons, and courts

Level: Basic Topic: The Structure of the Criminal Justice System

Type: Knowledge

58 Approximately _ of criminal offender recidivate

1/4

1/3

½

Level: Basic Topic: Domestic challenges

Type: Knowledge

59 What system does the U.S Supreme Court belong to?

→ federal courts

state court local court world court

Level: Basic Topic: Judiciary Type: Knowledge

60 When it comes to the race of the victim and offender, most crimes are

→ intraracial

interracial

racially motivated

perpetrated by a Black offender on a White victim

61 A group of young men get caught breaking into a convenience store at night to steal packs of cigarettes Because it is their first offense, the judge sentences them to remain in the community under court supervision, without any time incarcerated What type of sanction did they receive?

→ probation

parole punitive community

Level: Moderate Topic: Corrections Type: Application

62 What famous case, introduced in 1966, made it a requirement for police to notify suspects of their rights?

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→ Miranda v Arizona

Thomas v Arizona Miranda v Unites States Plessy v Ferguson

Type: Knowledge

63 How many countries admit to having a bioweapons program?

20 10

5

Type: Knowledge

64 How many countries does the U.S believe have bioweapons programs?

20

0 5

Type: Knowledge

65 After black males, this group has the second highest incarceration rate

Asians

Whites

→ Latinos

Native Americans

66 According to the Innocence Project, more than offenders have been exonerated due to DNA evidence between

1989 and December 2010

150

500 1000

Level: Basic Topic: Domestic challenges

Type: Knowledge

67 What decade was the height of the due process model?

1970s

→ 1960s

1980s 1950s

Type: Knowledge

68 Which model advocates assembly line justice?

→ crime control model

process model due process model offenses model

Type: Knowledge

69 In 2008, approximately how many people were incarcerated in the U.S (including those held in state and federal prisons and local jails)?

20 million

→ 2.4 million

1 million 250,000 Multiple Choice Question

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