Test bank for american corrections in brief 2nd edition by clear

False REFERENCES: A Systems Framework for Studying Corrections LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Corr.Clea.15.01.01 - 01.01 KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remembering 2.. False REFERENCES: A Systems Framework

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True / False

1 The correctional system has no significant relationship to the outside community in which it functions

a True

b False

REFERENCES: A Systems Framework for Studying Corrections

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Corr.Clea.15.01.01 - 01.01

KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remembering

2 Probation is the most frequently used form of correctional punishment in the United States

a True

b False

3 Communism is a system of government in which power and responsibilities are split between individual state

governments and one national government

a True

b False

REFERENCES: The Corrections System Today

4 Most prisoners in the U.S are housed in federal correctional facilities

a True

b False

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5 One of the major issues that has plagued corrections has been goal conflict This conflict centers on the different and conflicting views of how and why correctional functions should be carried out

a True

b False

6 The Positivist School of Criminology is centered upon the idea that an individual freely chooses to commit crime, thus the act not the actor is the most important factor in understanding the causes of crime

a True

b False

REFERENCES: The History of Corrections in America

7 Until the early 1800s in the U.S., correctional officials followed the European practice of corporal punishment to reprimand criminal behavior

a True

b False

8 The religious group known as the Puritans was primarily responsible for the creation and implementation of the Pennsylvania System of corrections

a True

b False

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9 The New York System of corrections implemented first in the Auburn State Prison, was founded upon the idea of complete solitary confinement of inmates

a True

b False

10 The community model of corrections continues to dominate how we punish most felony offenders in the U.S

a True

b False

11 Evidence-based corrections is a movement to ensure that correctional programs and policies are based on research evidence about "what works."

a True

b False

12 Correctional officers often report that the aspect of their work they like best is working with people who are in

trouble and who want to improve their lives

a True

b False

REFERENCES: The Correctional Challenge

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13 Probation and parole officers frequently reported that their original decision to work in these jobs stemmed from their desire to punish people for criminal acts

a True

b False

REFERENCES: The Correctional Challenge

14 It has been estimated that almost 20 percent of people born in 2001 will go to prison at some time during their lives

a True

b False

REFERENCES: American Corrections Today

15 Today, pretrial drug treatment, work center, electronic monitored home confinement and restitution are activities found under the heading of corrections

a True

b False

Multiple Choice

16 Nearly _ of all African American men in their twenties are under some form of correctional control

a 1/3

b 1/2

c 1/4

d 1/6

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17 Since 1980, a greater proportion of correctional growth has occurred in:

a prisons and probation

b prisons and jails

c jails and probation

d probation and parole

18 From the earliest accounts of mankind, punishment has been used as a means of , forcing people

to comply with rules, norms, and laws

a public awareness

b social control

c social ritual

d public spectacle

REFERENCES: The Purpose of Corrections

19 Roughly 70% of those under correctional control in the U.S are currently serving the sentence in what ways?

a Prison and jails

b Probation and parole

c Jails and parole

d Prison and house arrest

20 The central purpose of corrections is to _

a determine guilt or innocence

b incarcerate offenders

c carry out the criminal sentence

d rehabilitate offenders

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21 Your authors refer to corrections as a(n) , a complex whole consisting of interdependent parts

whose operations are directed toward common goals and is directly influenced by its environment

a structure

b system

c organism

d organization

22 Approximately how many Americans are currently incarcerated in a jail or prison?

a 2 million

b 5 million

c 7 million

d 8 million

23 In the U.S today, more felons are being sentenced to _ instead of _

a parole; prison

b probation; prison

c parole; probation

d prison; probation

24 Corrections can be viewed as a series of processes that are , meaning that each process affects

another part of the criminal justice system in some way

a retributive

b interconnected

c conflicting

d punitive

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25 The twin goals of corrections are punishment and .

a protection

b retribution

c rehabilitation

d deterrence

26 According to your authors, which of the following is NOT one of the three "P's" of corrections?

a parole

b prisons

c punishment

d probation

27 The majority of correctional activity takes place at the level

a federal

b state

c local

d county

28 Nearly 40% of all offenders are under the correctional control of four states (i.e the Big Four of corrections)

Which of the following is NOT one of these states?

a Texas

b Oklahoma

c Florida

d New York

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29 In the U.S., jails are operated mainly by what level of government?

a federal

b state

c county

d city

30 is a system of government in which power and responsibilities are divided between one national government and multiple state governments

a A monarchy

b A democracy

c Federalism

d Communism

31 During the Colonial Period, jails were mainly used to house

a those convicted of misdemeanors

b those held pending a court appearance

c those convicted of felonies

d those convicted of capital murder

32 In 1790, the first recognized penitentiary was created in which U.S city?

a Washington D.C

b Boston

c New York

d Philadelphia

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33 The opening of the _ State penitentiary in 1829 in Cherry Hill, Pennsylvania, marked the full

development of the Penitentiary system based on the philosophy of separate confinement

a Western

b Eastern

c Auburn

d Sing Sing

34 Much of the ideas, practices, and principles that are the foundation of the American Criminal Justice System were adopted from what country?

a France

b Spain

c England

d Ireland

35 A is a correctional facility used to house pre-trial detainees and those sentenced for minor offenses

a Prison

b Reformatory

c Half-way house

d Jail

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36 The congregate system, which emphasized isolation of inmates in individual cells at night but permitted them to work together in silence during the day, was first adopted in which U.S state?

a Maryland

b New York

c Pennsylvania

d Massachusetts

37 Prior to individual statehood, the very first prison facilities in the West were operated by

a the Mexican government

b the U.S Military

c tribal authorities

d private businesses

38 In 1870, the National Prison Association held its historical meeting in what U.S city? It was during this meeting that the famous Declaration of Principles was proposed

a Philadelphia

b New York

c Boston

d Cincinnati

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39 The model of corrections is based on the assumption that criminal behavior can be controlled by greater use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision

a due process

b community

c medical

d crime control

40 Which of the following events was instrumental in the move towards the community corrections movement in the U.S.?

a The inmate riot that occurred in September 1971 at the Attica State Prison in New York

b Research findings in the 1980s that indicated that only 5% of state correctional budgets were allocated for

rehabilitation

c Research findings in the 1950s that disputed the use of medicine and science to treat offender’s behavior

d The advancements in the field of social work that had been achieved by the 1960s

41 Which is not a basic concept of Western criminal law?

a offense

b guilt

c punishment

d death

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42 When most Americans think of corrections, they think of

a prison and jails

b probation and jail

c parole and jail

d prison and parole

43 Which of the following is not a corrections subunit?

a halfway house

b prison

c probation office

d law enforcement

REFERENCES: A System Framework for Studying Corrections

44 The system where inmates were held in isolation at night but congregated in workshops during the day is known as the

a congregate system

b separate and together system

c interaction system

d public system

45 As community corrections evolved, prisons were to be avoided because were artificial institutions that interfered with the offender's ability to develop

a a crime-free lifestyle

b friendships

c social skills

d an interest in treatment

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Josh was sentenced for a felony level theft of a motor vehicle offense in Florida He was sentenced to serve 20 months in custody in a facility located in Florida The philosophy at the time Josh was sentenced was that criminal behavior can be controlled by increased use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision

46 What type of facility will Josh serve his sentence in?

a mental hospital

b jail

c prison

d day reporting center

KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply

47 What level of government runs the facility Josh is housed in?

a State

b City

c National

d International

48 Josh was released due to good behavior after 15 months of his sentence was served What type of supervision was Josh on?

a Parole

b Probation

c Shock Probation

d None, his entire sentence was served

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