Cách thành lập Danh Từ Tích lũy T 10/ 2010

Tích lũy chuyên môn Năm học : 2110 - 2011Formation of nouns Cách thành lập Danh từ  Noun is usally form by adding the prefix or suffix to root form.. Danh từ đợc cấu trúc bằng cách cộng

Tích lũy chuyên môn Năm học : 2110 - 2011

Formation of nouns

Cách thành lập Danh từ

 Noun is usally form by adding the prefix or suffix to root form

Danh từ đợc cấu trúc bằng cách cộng tiền tố howawcj hậu tố vào ngữ căn

A prefix addition

Prefix + Rootform Meaning Examples

Re + noun Lặp lại Reorganization : sự tổ chức lại

Recovery : sự phục hồi Relation : sự thuật lại , mối quan hệ Fore + noun

Pre + noun

Trớc Forethought : sự nghĩ trớc

Foresail : buồm trớc Foresight : sự thấy trớc , lo xa Preface : lời nói đầu

Precaution : sự đề phòng trớc

Sai lầm Misfortune : sự rủi roMisbehaviour : hạnh kiểm xấu

Misapplication : sự áp dụng sai Miscaculation : sự tính toán sai nhầm

Un

In + noun

Dis

Không Trái ngợc Untruth : không thật Unease : không yên , bứt rứt

Displeasure : bất mãn Disregard : coi chừng Over

Under + noun

After

Ngoài – quá

Dới sau

Overtime ; giờ phụ trội Overdose : quá liều Overdress : quá diện Underwear : quần áo lót Underline : đờng gạch dới Afterthought : nghĩ lại Afternoon : buổi chiều (sau chính ngọ )

B Suffix addition

ER

Verb + OR

AR

Driver – liar Viewer

Sailor ; actor Noun + IST

IAN

Pianist Musician physician ION

Verb + ING

MENT

Action Writing Making Punishment amusement

Tích lũy chuyên môn Năm học : 2110 - 2011

Basketful Handful Noun + DOM

Adjective

Lãnh vực - trạng thái Freedom

Wisdom Kingdom Noun + MOOD

Adj Thời kỳ - tình trạng NeighbourhoodChildhood

falsehood Noun + ISM

terrorism

leadership Adj + NESS

TY Tình trạng HappynessLoyalty ; cruelty

Compoun noun

 Danh từ kép đợc thành lập bằng cách kết hợp hai hay nhiều từ lại với nhau

 Nó đợc thành lập với các hình thức sau :

Noun + noun Postman – horserace moonlight - football

Adj + noun Grand - parents - blackboard – sweetheart

Verb + noun Breakwater - pickpocket

Gerund + noun

Participle Singingbird – readinginglamp – lookingglass

Adverd + noun

preposition Foreleg – inside – downfall

Adverd + noun

preposition Income – offstring - upstar

Verb + adveb Standstill – send – off - drawback

 Một danh từ kép thờng đợc dùng để chỉ :

* Giá trị ( valua ) : dollar – bill / peny stamp

* Nơi chốn ( place ) : city theatre / town people

* Thời gian ( time ) : morning class / day train / everning show

* Vật liệu ( material ) : store house / brick wall

* Nguồn gốc ( origin ) : Englishman / Vietnamese – leather

* Sự tơng tự ( resemblance ) : tissue paper / wof - dog

* Vật dụng ( object ) : tea pot / tooth brush

* Đờng phố ( road -street ) : Oxford road / Baker street

 Danh từ kép không dùng để chỉ số lợng hay dung tích

Ví dụ : - a cup of tea

- a glass of beer

 Không bao giờ Compound noun đợc thành lập

- a tea cup - a beer glass

Compound Adjective

 Compound Adjective đợc hình thành dới nhiều dạng

1 Noun- - -> snow - covered mountain)- horse- drawn(cart )

Tích lũy chuyên môn Năm học : 2110 - 2011

Adj + Present participle

Adv

-> ready- made( clothes) ->badly-tom(papper)-well- know( author)

2 Noun

Adj + Present participle

Adv

->rice producing( country)- glass eating(animal ) ->sweet- smelling(flower)-good looking(man) ->fast moving(traffic)-ever lasting(friendship )

3 Adj + Adj

Noun + Adj

Adj + Noun )

->dard-blue ( trousers )- red- hot( stell ) ->sea –sick( passenger)- snow- white ( hair ) -> first – class(ticket)- five –room ( house )

4 Adj +Noun +ed

Noun + ed -> long –eared(animal)- yellow-skinned(people ) ->lion –hearted ( man )- moon-faced (woman )

 Adjective equivalent

* Noun used as an Adjective : seawind- rivefish

* Possessive noun : man’s life-sun’s ray

* Noun in appoisition : money, a gold key

* Part-iciple : fading flower- fallen tree

* infinitive : water to drink- book to learn

* Adv ( with participle understood ): the then (reigning ) king

* A phrase : a man of high position – a girl with red shirt

* A clause : the man who is talking to my father is a teacher

Word building (cấu tạo từ )

 Từ gốc ta gọi là ngữ căn ( root form ) Khi ngữ căn thêm tiền tố (prefix )

nó sẽ đổi nghĩa

 A root is a word in its basic simple form A word maybe built up or have its meaning changed by an addition at the beginning ( prefix.eg.unsafe )or

at the end ( sufix eg gadener )

Prefixes Prefix Meaning Examples

a

a- ,ab-

,abs-ad-,ac-,ar-,

ante- ,

bi- , bis- ,

circum- , cir- ,

com - ,

contra- ,

de- ,

dif- , dis- ,

inter- ,

mis-ob-

post-

pro-

re-sub-

trans-

un-

vice -

-able , ible

on away , from to

before two , twice round together againt down apart , not between wrong against after forth back under across not , without instead capable of beeing

afloat, ashore avert, abnormal , abstract adhere , accep, arrive antecedent , anteroom bicycle, bisect , bisciut circumference, circuit comparison , competition , company contrary, contradiction

depress , descend incapable , inhuman , incorrect international , interrupt , interval missdeed , misjudge ,misbehave object , obstruction

postpond , post –script , post war prossed , produce

retake , return , retrace submarine , subway transfer , transport , transpose unfit , unknow , unpaid , unsafe vice – captain , viceroy

movable , eatable , incredible

TÝch lòy chuyªn m«n N¨m häc : 2110 - 2011

-ain , -an

- ance , -ence

- ant

- el , -et , ette

-er , -eer , -ier

- fy

- icle , - sel

- less

- ment

- ory

- ous

one connected state of

one who little one who

to make little without sstate of beeing

a place for full of

champlain , publican acceptance , existence assistant , servant satchel , droplet , kitchenette gadener , princess ,waitress glorify , purify , simplyfy particle , morsel

careless , aimless , merciless merriment , Ñnjoyment dormitory , factory , laboratory famous , glorious , wondrous

 Words can also be changed from one partt of speech to another by

Adding or remorving the prefix or suffix and by changing the speeling

Forming nouns from adjectives

CÊu tróc danh tõ tõ tÝnh tõ

Adjective -> noun Adjective -> noun

Able - ability

Abrupt - abrupness

Absent - absence

Abudant - abudance

Accurante - accuracy

Adequate - adequacy

Affluent - affluence

Angry - anger

Anonymous - anonymity

Anxious - anxiety

Arrogant - arrogance

Bitter – bitterness

Brave - bravery

Broad - breadth

Colloquial - colloquialism

Competent - competence

Constant – constancy

Crude - crudity

cruel - cruelty

curious - curiosity

dark – darkness

decent – decency

deep - depth

equal - equality

faithful - faith

- faithfulless

Famous - fame

Fertile - fertility

Fit - fitness

Foolish - foolishness /fool

Fragrant - fragrant

Free – freedom

High – height Holy – holiness Honest – honesty Humble – humility Just – justice

Like – likeness Long - length Loyal – loyalty Mad – madness Merry – merriment Notorious - notoriety Proud – pride

Punctual – punctuality Real – reality

Safe - safety Scarce – scarcity Scientific – science Secure – security Senile – senility Sharp – sharpness Simple – simplicity Slow – slowness Strong – strength Terrible – terror Tight – tightness True – truth Vain – vanity Valid – validity Voracious – voracity Warm – warmness Warmth

Weak – weakness

TÝch lòy chuyªn m«n N¨m häc : 2110 - 2011

Gay - gaiety

Gently - genleness

Grand – grandeur

Wide – width Wise – wisdoom Young - youth