materials in hot climates

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Building materials in the hot climate zones

Cane and leaves are available in the warm-humid zones and

grass in the intermediate and subtropical zones Vine, bamboo and palm-fronds are used for buildings in the warm-humid

zones Because these materials are light, do not store heat,

and allow the free passage of air, they are frequently used for making roofs However, they have a relatively short life span because they deteriorate rapidly due to termite attack They are also highly combustible

Both hardwoods and softwoods are found in most tropical and subtropical areas with the exception of the hot dry zones On external woodwork preservative stains should be used rather than paints, which tend to deteriorate fairly rapidly in the hot zones Extremes of climatic conditions cause dimensional

changes producing cracks, splits and warping Wind-blown

sand and grit gradually erode exposed timber In warm-humid zones timber is liable to wet and dry rot and to attack by

termites and beetles

• Earth is one of the most widely used traditional building materials in hot-dry lands Earth is used not only for walls but also for roofs; mud brick vaults and domes are common in countries like Iran and Egypt Because mud has less strength than most other construction

materials, mud walls are built thicker Partly due to the thickness of mud walls and partly due to its slow thermal conductivity, rooms built

of mud are much cooler in hot climates than those of any other

materials Mud bricks are brittle and do not withstand tension well For this reason the vault and the dome were evolved in the East

There is a high risk of termite damage in some areas Walls exposed

to weathering and rain require frequent repair work

Concrete and reinforced concrete are widely used throughout the

non-temperate zones Cement is manufactured locally in many places Sand is found almost everywhere, but it may be contaminated with soluble salts Suitable

aggregate may be difficult to find Concrete is most frequently used for the

structure, foundations and floor slabs of buildings Care must be taken when

using concrete for walls and roofs Heat builds up on the exterior of concrete

walls and roofs due to solar radiation and surface temperature usually exceed air temperature Then, because concrete walls tend to be thin and concrete has low resistance to the passage of heat, heat is conducted into the interior Salts in

aggregate and water can cause corrosion of the reinforcement and subsequent spalling of the concrete cover In hot-dry areas the rapid evaporation and

shortage of water can result in low strength, cracking and high permeability

MATERIAL AVAILABILITY USE PROPERTIES PROBLEMS/ DURABILITY

cane, leaves, vine, bamboo,

palm-fronds

Warm-humid zones

Grass

Hardwoodsand softwoods

Earth

Concrete