SAT practise test 2

Identifying Sentence ErrorsDirections: Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the correct answer.. The following passage is part of an essay about th

7 For Questions 1–13: Only answers entered in the ovals in each grid area will be scored.

You will not receive credit for anything written in the boxes above the ovals.

Answer Sheets

Directions: Read each of the passages carefully, then answer the questions that come after them The answer to each question may be stated overtly or only implied You will not have to use outside knowledge to answer the questions—all the material you will need will be in the passage itself In some cases, you will be asked to read two related passages and answer questions about their relationship to one another Mark the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.

A bill is the form used for most legislation in

the United State Congress Only constitutional

amendments and procedural issues affecting the

House and Senate are adopted by a resolution,

rather than a bill Bills can be written to be

permanent or temporary, general or special A

bill originating in the House of Representatives

is designated by the letters “H.R.,” signifying

“House of Representatives,” followed by a

number that it retains throughout all its

parliamentary stages The number on the bill is

determined by the order in which it was

submitted during a particular session Bills are

presented to the President for action when

approved in identical form by both the House

of Representatives and the Senate.

1. From the passage, it can be inferred that a bill that is designated as H.R 1 is the first bill

(A) voted upon by the House of

Repre-sentatives in a particular session of Congress.

(B) submitted to the House of

Represen-tatives in a particular session of Congress.

(C) sent to the Senate from the House of

Representatives in a particular session of Congress.

(D) originating in the House of

Repre-sentatives signed by the President in

a particular session of Congress.

(E) debated on the floor of the House of

Representatives in a particular session of Congress.

Practice Test

2

2. It is implied in the passage that once a bill

is passed in the House of Representatives

that it might be sent to which of the

following two places?

(A) Senate, conference committee

(B) Senate, House committee

(C) Senate, President

(D) President, Supreme Court

(E) President, Congress

Native American views of nature have

impor-tant parallels in contemporary ecology.

Through traditional customs and symbols like

the medicine wheel, a circular arrangement of

stones often interpreted as representing the

relationship between Earth, air, water, and fire,

Native Americans have long recognized and

celebrated the connectedness among all natural

things Indeed, the Native American view of the

world has always been consistent with that of

Earth ecology—that Earth is a single system of

interconnected parts.

3. The symbol of the medicine wheel is given

as a(n)

(A) illustration of how Native Americans

view the Earth as an interconnected

system.

(B) example of the Native American

understanding of the four elements.

(C) example of the interrelatedness of the

four basic elements.

(D) critique of contemporary ecological

understandings of the Earth.

(E) contrast to contemporary ecological

understandings of the Earth.

4. Given what the passage states about Native American views of nature, which

of the following scenarios most accords with a Native American view?

(A) Studying a microorganism removed

from its habitat.

(B) Studying Earth through satellite

images.

(C) Studying only animals and

sub-stances with spiritual symbolism.

(D) Studying a specific organism’s

interrelationships with its habitat.

(E) Studying a habitat as a whole.

Questions 5–12 are based on the following

Symphonic Ode of 1929 and the Piano Variations of 1930 The fate of these

compositions contrasts sharply While the

Piano Variations is not often performed

in concert, it is well known to pianists because, although it does contain virtuoso passages, even those of very modest ability can “play at” the work in private It represents the twentieth- century continuation of the great tradition of keyboard variations—the tradition that produced such works as

the Bach Goldberg Variations, and Beethoven’s Diabelli Variations Cop- land’s Symphonic Ode, on the other

hand, remains almost unknown: An intense symphonic movement, it was considered unperformable by the conductor Serge Koussevitzky, otherwise the most potent American champion of

(5)

(10)

(15)

(20)

Copland’s work during the first half of

the century Koussevitzky did perform a

revised version in 1932; but even with a

second, more extensive revision in 1955,

the Ode is seldom played It is Copland’s

single longest orchestral movement.

Perhaps as a reaction to the

perfor-mance problems of the Symphonic Ode,

Copland’s next two orchestral works

deal in shorter units of time: the Short

Symphony of 1933 requires fifteen

minutes for three movements and the six

Statements for orchestra of 1935 last

only nineteen minutes Yet, in fact, these

works were more complex than the Ode;

in particular, the wiry, agile rhythms of

the opening movement of the Short

Symphony proved too much for both the

conductors Serge Koussevitzky and

Leopold Stokowski In the end it was

Carlos Chávez and the Orquesta

Sin-fónica de México who gave the Short

Symphony its premiere.

It may have been partly Copland’s

friendship with Carlos Chávez that drew

him to Mexico Copland first visited

Mexico in 1932 and returned frequently

in later years His initial delight in the

country is related in his letter of January

13, 1933, to Mary Lescaze, in which he

glowingly describes the Mexican people

and the Mexican landscape His interest

in Mexico is also reflected in his music,

including El Salón México (1936) and

the Three Latin American Sketches

(1972).

Mexico was not Copland’s only Latin

American interest A 1941 trip to

Havana suggested his Danzón Cubano.

By the early 1940s he was friends with

South American composers such as

Jacobo Ficher, and in 1947 he toured

South America for the State Department.

(Some of the folk music he heard in Rio

de Janeiro on this trip appears in his later works.) Copland in fact envisioned

“American music” as being music of the Americas as a whole His own use of Mexican material in the mid-1930s helped make his style more accessible to listeners not willing to accept the challenges of modern symphonic music.

5. What is the author’s tone toward land’s music?

Cop-(A) Strident skepticism (B) Clinical objectivity (C) Respectful description (D) Qualified enthusiasm (E) Unqualified praise

6. The word “virtuoso” in line 10 could best

be replaced with

(A) ostentatious.

(B) intricate (C) raucous.

7. In the first paragraph the author states

that Symphonic Ode and Piano Variations

had different fates in that

(A) one was largely ignored while the

other was almost universally praised.

(B) one, a simpler piece, won popular

acclaim, while the other, a more

complex piece, won critical acclaim.

(C) one, a simpler piece, became widely

known by pianists, but the other, a

more complex piece, remained

largely unknown.

(D) one, featuring Mexican influences,

was popular in Latin America, and

the other, a modernist piece, was

popular in the United States.

(E) both were initially acclaimed but

only one became part of Copland’s

corpus of beloved works.

8. Koussevitzky is mentioned as an example

of a(n)

(A) American conductor who admired

Copland’s work, but nonetheless

found some pieces too difficult to

perform.

(B) friend of Copland’s who agreed to

perform his less popular works.

(C) European composer who took issue

with the difficulty of Copland’s

early work.

(D) musician who appreciated Copland’s

work but was unable to play it.

(E) European conductor who performed

(A) for Copland’s new relationship with

Carlos Chávez and the Orquesta Sinfónica de México.

(B) to be simpler than the Symphonic

Ode, on account of its difficulty in

being performed.

(C) to be shorter than the Symphonic

Ode, because the Ode was not being

performed.

(D) to demand even more of conductors

and musicians attempting to play Copland’s music.

(E) to reflect Copland’s new interest in

Latin America.

10. In the sentence beginning “Yet, in fact, these works .” in lines 37–43 [second paragraph], the author suggests that

(A) parts of the Short Symphony simply

weren’t melodic enough to engage audiences.

(B) the Statements were too brief to

warrant a formal performance.

(C) even those who admired Copland’s

work lost patience with the Short

Symphony and Statements.

(D) the Statements and Short Symphony

determined which performers were truly excellent and which were mediocre.

(E) the Short Symphony had melodies

that were too quick to be played even by famous musicians.

11. The author suggests that Copland believed

Latin American music

(A) was unfamiliar enough to a North

American audience that he needed to introduce them to it.

(B) was different enough from North

American music that incorporating aspects of it would make his music unique and exciting.

(C) influenced and was influenced by

North American music.

(D) primarily originated in Mexico

and Cuba.

(E) embodied the polar opposite of

modernist aesthetics.

12. The sentence beginning “His own use of

Mexican material “ in lines 71–75

sug-gests that the modernist music which also

influenced Copland’s compositions was

(A) superior in quality to his Latin

American influences.

(B) dry and passionless.

(C) technically more challenging to

perform.

(D) inaccessible but rewarding.

(E) outmoded by the 1930s.

Questions 13–20 are based on the following

passage.

The following passage was written by Ed Lu, an

astronaut, while a crew member of the

Interna-tional Space Station.

Line Whenever I get a chance, I spend time

just observing the planet below It turns

out you can see a lot more from up here

than you might expect First off, we

aren’t as far away as some people

think—our orbit is only about 240 miles

above the surface of the Earth While this

is high enough to see that the Earth is

round, we are still just barely skimming the surface when you consider that the diameter of the Earth is over 8,000 miles.

So how much of the Earth can we see

at one time? When you are standing on the ground, the horizon is a few miles away When in a tall building, the horizon can be as far as about 40 miles From the International Space Station, the distance to the horizon is over 1,000 miles So from horizon to horizon, the section of the Earth you can see at any one time is a patch about 2,000 miles across, almost enough to see the entire United States at once It isn’t exactly seeing the Earth like a big blue marble, it’s more like having your face up against

a big blue beach ball When I look out a window that faces straight down, it is actually pretty hard to see the horizon— you need to get your face very close to the window So what you see out a window like that is a moving patch of ground (or water).

From the time a place on the ground comes into view until it disappears over the horizon is only a few minutes, since

we are traveling 300 miles per minute When looking out a sideward facing window, you can see the horizon of the Earth against the black background of space The horizon is distinctly curved The edge of the Earth isn’t distinct but rather is smeared out due to the atmo- sphere Here you can get a feel for how relatively thin the atmosphere is com- pared to the Earth as a whole I can see that the width of the atmosphere on the horizon is about 1 degree in angular size, which is about the width of your index finger held out at arms length There really isn’t a sharp boundary to the atmosphere, but it gets rapidly thinner

the higher you go Not many airplanes

can fly higher than about 10 miles, and

the highest mountains are only about 6

miles high Above about 30 miles there is

very little air to speak of, but at night

you can see a faint glow from what little

air there is at that height.

Since we orbit at an altitude about 40

times higher than the tallest mountain,

the surface of the Earth is pretty smooth

from our perspective A good way to

imagine our view is to stand up and look

down at your feet Imagine that your eyes

are where the International Space Station

is orbiting, and the floor is the surface of

the Earth The atmosphere would be

about 6 inches high, and the height of the

tallest mountain is less than 2 inches, or

about the height of the tops of your feet.

Almost all of the people below you

would live in the first one quarter of an

inch from the floor The horizon of the

Earth is a little over 20 feet away from

where you are standing If you are

standing on top of Denver, then about 15

feet to one side you can see San

Fran-cisco, and about 15 feet to the other side

you can see Chicago.

13. The primary purpose of this passage is to

(A) provide a layperson’s account of the

Space Station’s motion over the Earth.

(B) explain the relationship between the

diameter of the Earth and the

thickness of the Earth’s atmosphere.

(C) answer the imagined question, “What

do astronauts see from space?”

(D) give a glimpse of some of the daily

activities of astronauts in space.

(E) discuss the thickness and

composi-tion of the atmosphere.

14. The second half of the second paragraph

is primarily concerned with

(A) how one’s location affects one’s

(E) being able to see all the Earth at once.

15. The author compares the view of the Earth from a downward-facing window in the International Space Station to

(A) holding a blue marble at arm’s

length.

(B) having your face up-close to a big

blue beach ball.

(C) looking at the tips of your shoes

when standing up.

(D) looking at an object that is on the

ground fifteen feet away when you are standing up.

(E) the view from a high-flying plane.

16. In the passage, the author contrasts the view from a window looking “straight down” with the view from

(A) the observational deck.

(B) a sideward-facing window.

(C) a passenger airliner.

(D) a window looking “straight up.”

(E) the circular windows on the

17. The “faint glow” at night that the author

speaks of in the passage comes from

(A) low-lying atmosphere.

(B) the outer edges of the atmosphere.

(C) the eastern horizon of the Earth just

18. In the last paragraph the author provides

the thought exercise with the reader’s

height primarily to

(A) demonstrate the distance from

Denver to San Francisco.

(B) give the reader a concrete sense of

the proportions involved in looking down from the space station.

(C) point out that most humans live at a

low altitude relative to the height of the atmosphere.

(D) illustrate the expansion of one’s

horizon at high altitudes.

(E) provide visual details of his activities

in space.

19. The tone of the passage is best described as

(A) fairly technical.

B. highly professional.

(C) refreshingly irreverent.

(D) engagingly conversational.

(E) lyrically impassioned.

20. From the passage as a whole, it can be inferred that the astronauts’ training

(A) did not prepare them for their free

(E) focused on the astronauts’

communi-cation procedures and abilities.

S T O P Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.

Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the correct answer.

Notes:

1 You may use a calculator All of the numbers used are real numbers.

2 You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution Unless the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn accurately Each figure lies in a plane unless the instructions say otherwise.

w b

2s

s

s x

A 5 pr 2

C 5 2pr A 5 ,w A 5 1

2 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr

2 h c 2 5 a 2 1 b 2 Special Right Triangles

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

1. If x 1 4y 5 3 and x 5 2y, then y 5

(E) It cannot be determined.

5. Steve bought a snack and a drink for

$1.30 If the snack costs twenty cents less

than the drink, how much does the

8. If |x 1 1| |y| then which of the following

expresses the relationship between

x and y?

(A) x 1 1 y (B) x 1 1 y (C) x , y (D) x y

(E) It cannot be determined.

9. 75% of 104 is the same value as 60% of what number?

(A) 130 (B) 133 (C) 136 (D) 140 (E) 144

10. If 3y 2 x 5 12 is the equation of a line,

what is twice the value of this line’s

y-intercept?

(A) 22 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8 (E) 24

Given the figure above, which of the

following must be a true statement?

Let { m be defined for any positive integer m as

the number obtained when the first and last digit

13. If A is a two-digit number between 10 and

20 and ({ A) 2 5 {(A 2 ), then A 5

14. If A B C D E, and each is a digit

1 through 9, then ABCD 2 { (ABCD) is

(A) less than zero.

(B) between zero and 100.

According to the above table, which of the

following statements is true?

(A) September total sales are 3.5%

greater than August total sales.

(B) September total sales are 2.5% less

than August total sales.

(C) September total sales are 2.5%

greater than August total sales.

(D) September total sales are 5.4% less

than August total sales.

(E) September total sales are 5.4%

greater than August total sales.

(A) 46 (B) 51 (C) 55 (D) 57 (E) 58

19. What is the distance from the midpoint of

DE to the origin, if D(0,12) and E(5,0)?

(A) 5 (B) 6.5 (C) 8.2 (D) 12 (E) 13

20. If 2b 2 5 (b 2 7)(b 1 3) 2 (2b 1 2)(b 1 5), then b equals

in 1950, what is the population now?

(A) 40,500 (B) 72,900 (C) 121,500 (D) 218,700 (E) 243,000

S T O P Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.

Identifying Sentence Errors

Directions: Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the correct answer.

4 If there is no error, pick answer choice (E).

5 There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined.

1. The scientists found that there were less

A strands of

B

the mold they were studying

C than they needed

B

and we vowed to utilize

C

the new technique in our own work

D

No error E

3. The team, which is composed

A

of four cyclists, compete

B against other cycling teams from around

C

the nation and around

D the world No error

the Pax Romana was either

C

as long as five centuries or as short as three

D No error E

with previous speakers No error

E

7. The Ottoman Empire initiated

A

better B trade relations with the Austrian Empire when

C more likely to respond than others

D

No error E

9. Because A

of the large traffic jam, scarcely

no one B

from the group made

C

it to the airport in time

D

No error E

2 Every sentence contains a portion that is underlined.

3 Any errors that occur will be found in the underlined portion of the sentence If you believe there is an error, choose the answer choice that corrects the original mistake Answer choices (B), (C), (D), and (E) contain alternative phrasings of the underlined portion If the sentence contains an error, one of these alternate phrasings will correct it.

4 Choice (A) repeats the original underlined portion If you believe the underlined portion does not contain any errors, select answer choice (A).

5 There will be no change in any parts of the sentence that are not underlined.

11. In an effort to make the Constitution both

more accessible and understandable to the

public, the House of Representatives has

authorized the publication of a series of

pamphlets about the Constitution.

(A) both more accessible and

under-standable to the public

(B) more both accessible and

under-standable to the public

(C) more accessible to the public and

more understandable for it

(D) both more accessible and more

understandable to the public

(E) accessible to the public and

under-standable

12. Widely considered one of the most original poets of all time, Gerard Manley Hopkins’s poems display utterly noncon- ventional systems of rhyme.

(A) Gerard Manley Hopkins’s poems

display utterly nonconventional systems of rhyme.

(B) Gerard Manley Hopkins’s poems

displayed utterly nonconventional systems of rhyme.

(C) Gerard Manley Hopkins’s poems

have systems of rhyme that are utterly nonconventional.

(D) Gerard Manley Hopkins wrote

poems using utterly nonconventional systems of rhyme.

(E) Gerard Manley Hopkins had written

poems that were displaying utterly nonconventional systems of rhyme.

13. Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of President

Franklin D Roosevelt, made an active

contribution to many political

organiza-tions, this included the Human Rights

Commission.

(A) organizations, this included the

Human Rights Commission.

(B) organizations, being included the

Human Rights Commission.

(C) organizations, whose participation

included the Human Rights Commission.

(D) organizations; this including the

Human Rights Commission.

(E) organizations, including the Human

Rights Commission.

14. Sputnik was the first artificial satellite successfully propelled into orbit and began the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union, in 1957 it was launched by the Soviets.

(A) Sputnik was the first artificial

satellite successfully propelled into orbit and began the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union, in 1957 it was launched by the Soviets.

(B) In 1957, the first satellite and space

race were beginning when Sputnik was launched.

(C) Launched by the Soviets in 1957,

Sputnik was the first artificial satellite successfully propelled into orbit, beginning the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union.

(D) The launching of Sputnik was in

1957, the first artificial satellite was successfully propelled and the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union was begun.

(E) The first artificial satellite

success-fully propelled into orbit was when Sputnik was launched in 1957, and the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union was begun as well.

15. The newly hired CEO stated clearly in her

opening address to the company that her

plans for reinvigorating the company were

to cut back on discretionary spending,

refinance the company’s largest loans, and

her plans of keeping the company’s

holdings in the stock market.

(A) her plans of keeping the company’s

holdings in the stock market.

(B) keep the company’s holdings in the

stock market.

(C) to get the company to keep its

holdings in the stock market.

(D) her plans to keep the company’s

holdings in the stock market.

(E) keeping the company’s holdings in

the stock market.

16. Typically, a restaurant’s kitchen is divided

into a number of sections, each with a

particular aspect of food preparation

performed there.

(A) each with a particular aspect of food

preparation performed there.

(B) each corresponding to a particular

aspect of food preparation.

(C) where they each have their

particu-lar aspect of food preparation to

perform.

(D) which has a particular aspect of food

preparation performed there.

(E) they each correspond to a particular

aspect of food preparation.

17. Domesticated over 5,000 years ago, the camel is a useful pack animal because of its tolerance for hot sand, extreme temperatures, and it needs little drink- ing water.

(A) of its tolerance for hot sand, extreme

temperatures, and it needs little drinking water.

(B) of its tolerance for hot sand and

extreme temperatures and its need for water is very small.

(C) it can tolerate hot sand, extreme

temperatures, and a lack of ing water.

drink-(D) it can tolerate hot stand,

withstand-ing extreme temperatures, and needs little water.

(E) it can tolerate hot sand and extreme

temperatures, and needs little water.

18. Legally, an agreement among two people

to commit a crime or concealing it constitutes a criminal conspiracy.

(A) among two people to commit a crime

(E) between two people in the

commit-ting of a crime or the concealment

of it

19. Not only was Sir Isaac Newton famous

for his pioneering work in Physics, he was

also a talented and well-respected

eco-nomic advisor to the king.

(A) he was also a talented and

well-respected economic advisor to the king.

(B) he had also been a talented and

well-respected economic advisor to the king.

(C) but he was also a talented and

well-respected economic advisor to the king.

(D) as he also was a talented and

well-respected economic advisor to the king.

(E) but he had also been a talented and

well-respected economic advisor to the king.

20. If the high levels of stock market ment are to continue it will depend upon both how long the stock market remains stable and its long-term durability.

invest-(A) If the high levels of stock market

investment are to continue it will depend

(B) If the high levels of stock market

investment are to continue, ing upon

depend-(C) If the high levels of stock market

investment continue, it will depend

(D) Whether the high levels of stock

market investment continue will depend

(E) Whether the high levels of stock

market investment continue it will depend

1 The following questions test your knowledge of paragraph and sentence construction.

2 The following passage is a rough draft of an essay This rough draft contains various errors.

3 Read the rough draft and then answer the questions that follow Some questions will focus

on specific sentences and ask if there are any problems with that sentence’s word choice, word usage, or overall structure Other questions will ask about the paragraph itself These questions will focus on paragraph organization and development.

4 Select the answer that best reflects the rules of English grammar and proper essay and paragraph writing.

Questions 21–25 are based on the following

passage.

The following passage is part of an essay about

the different meanings of the word “modern.”

Line (1) The word modern is a curious word

(2) It is curious for all its different

meanings (3) If you take a freshman

class in philosophy, for instance, your

professor might tell you about Rene

Descartes (4) Descartes was a French

philosopher from the seventeenth

century (5) Many consider him as the

first figure in modern philosophy (6) So

if you are talking to a philosophy

professor the word modern denotes

anytime between about 1615 and now.

(7) (Of course, some philosophers think

that modern times ended a few decades

back and that we are already in to

postmodern times.) (8) Other academics

have a different timeline for the birth of

modern times, or modernity (9) And

some historians point to the Industrial

Revolution in England as the beginning

of modernity (10) This dating technique

puts the beginning of modernity at least a

century after when the philosophers reckon the beginning of modern times (11) The philosophers and the historians have a bit of a discrepancy here.

(12) Of course, you might think both the philosophers and the historians are a bit off on this whole modernity thing.

(13) Who thinks of the mud and stone streets of Paris in the early decades

cobble-of the seventeenth century as modern?

(14) Then again, London a century later with the power of steam harnessed does not strike most as the picture of modern times (15) Most of us, when we think of what modern means, we are thinking about computers and cell phones and wireless networks (16) We are not thinking about some philosophical discourse that a Frenchman wrote four centuries back.

21. Which of the following is the best

combination of sentences 1 and 2

(reproduced below)?

The word modern is a curious word It is

curious for all its different meanings.

(A) The word modern is a curious word It

is curious for all its different meanings.

(B) Modern is a curious word because it

has all its different meanings.

(C) It is curious that the word modern

has various different meanings.

(D) Curiously, the word modern has

many different meanings.

(E) Modernity is a curious word for all

its various different meanings.

22. Which of the following is the best way to

revise sentences 4 and 5 (reproduced

below) so that they are condensed into

one sentence?

Descartes was a French philosopher from

the seventeenth century Many consider him

as the first figure in modern philosophy.

(A) Descartes was a French philosopher

from the seventeenth century, considering him the first figure in modern philosophy.

(B) Descartes was a French philosopher

from the seventeenth century, whom many consider the first figure in modern philosophy.

(C) Descartes was a French philosopher

from the seventeenth century, and many consider him the first figure in modern philosophy.

(D) Descartes was a French philosopher

from the seventeenth century, so he was the first figure in modern philosophy.

(E) Descartes was a French philosopher

from the seventeenth century and figuring him the first figure in modern philosophy.

23. Which of the following would be the best replacement for “And” at the beginning of sentence 9 (reproduced below)?

And some historians point to the trial Revolution in England as the beginning of modernity.

Indus-(A) However, (B) Moreover, (C) Even so, (D) Considering this, (E) For example,

24. Which of the following is the best revision

of the underlined portions of sentence 10 (reproduced below)?

This dating technique puts the beginning

of modernity at least a century after when the philosophers reckon the beginning of modern times.

(A) As it is now.

(B) at least a century after when the

philosophers reckon it.

(C) at least a century after when the

philosopher’s date modernity’s inception.

(D) at least one century after when the

philosophers had reckoned the inception of modernity.

(E) at least a century after its having

been reckoned by the philosophers.

25. Which of the following is the best revision

of sentence 15 (reproduced below)?

Most of us, when we think of what

modern means, we are thinking about

computers and cell phones and wireless

networks.

(A) As it is now.

(B) Most of us, when we think of what

modern means, computers and cell

phones and wireless networks

coming to mind.

(C) When we think of what modern

means, think about computers and

cell phones and wireless networks.

(D) Most of us, when we think of what

modern means, we are thinking

about computers, cell phones,

wireless networks.

(E) Most of us, when we think of what

modern means, think about

comput-ers and cell phones and wireless

networks.

Questions 26–30 are based on the following

passage.

The following is a first draft of an essay about

the growth of the department store industry in

the 1920s.

Line (1) Automobiles and radios became far

more affordable in the 1920s (2) By

1925 there was one automobile for every

six people in the United States, by 1930

this had increased to one for every 4.6

people (3) Also by 1930, about 4 in 10

American families owned radios (4) The

popularity of automobiles and radios led

to the spread of chain stores of all kinds.

(5) Automobiles allowed consumers to

travel further in search of the right item

for the right price, while radios allowed

businesses to advertise their products to a

larger group of people (6) Those people could be potential consumers.

(7) Many of our most famous department store chains first expanded during this time (8) These include Sears, Roebuck; Woolworth’s; the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (the A&P); and Walgreen Drug (9) Among the most successful department stores was Filene’s in Boston and Macy’s in New York (10) Initially, department stores were more like the malls of today (11) Each department was leased to an individual owner (12) Nowadays, virtually all departments are run by the larger company, including restaurants.

(13) Also, with their radio paigns, the new department stores of the 1920s put on extravagant advertising spectacles (14) Sometimes, they even hosted entertainment events to attract consumers (15) The Macy’s Thanksgiv- ing Day Parade, an attempt to capture the children’s toy market, is one example

cam-of popular merchandising (16) ingdale’s posted ads on all New York public transit, pronouncing, “All Cars Transfer to Bloomingdale’s.”

26. Which of the following is the best revision

of the underlined portions of sentences 5

and 6 (reproduced below)?

Automobiles allowed consumers to travel

further in search of the right item for the

right price, while radios allowed

busi-nesses to advertise their products to a

larger group of people Those people

could be potential consumers.

(D) a larger group of people, whom they

made into potential consumers.

(E) a larger group of people, having the

potential to become consumers.

27. “This time” in sentence 7 (reproduced

below) is best made more specific Which

of the following phrases is the best

revision?

Many of our most famous department

store chains first expanded during

this time.

(A) these years

(B) the twentieth century

(C) the same when automobile sales and

radio sales were also on the rise

(D) the years described in the previous

paragraph

(E) the 1920s

28. If you were to combine sentences 10 and

11 (reproduced below), which would be the most appropriate and precise punctua- tion mark to use?

Initially, department stores were more like the malls of today Each department was leased to an individual owner.

(A) today ‘each owner.’

(B) today; each (C) today: each (D) today (each owner).

(E) today, each

29. Which of the following is the best revision

of the underlined portion of sentence 13 (reproduced below)?

Also, with their radio campaigns, the new department stores of the 1920s put on extravagant advertising spectacles.

(A) Moreover (B) Too (C) What’s more to their radio campaigns (D) In addition to their radio campaigns (E) The radio campaigns being included

30. Which of the following sentences, if added

at the end of paragraph 3, is the best concluding sentence for the passage?

(A) In the 20s, shopping and advertising

started to look a lot like they do now.

(B) Other stores also had extravaganzas (C) So now get in your car and drive to a

department store!

(D) Department Stores having become

huge successes.

(E) Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade

was always a big hit.

S T O P Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.

Directions: Each sentence below has either one or two blanks in it and is followed by five choices, labeled (A) through (E) These choices represent words or phrases that have been left out Choose the word or phrase that, if inserted into the sentence, would best fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

Example:

Canine massage is a veterinary technique

for calming dogs that are extremely .

1. Jerome is a true ; he rarely

buys anything other than food, and even

his food is plain and minimal.

(A) disliked .organized (B) espoused .planned (C) discouraged .theorized (D) bolstered .analyzed (E) detested .negotiated

3. There was criticism that the councilman

was when he seized the

ceremony by the girl’s tragic

death to speak out against his opponent.

(A) militaristic negated

(B) opportunistic .afforded

(C) unreceptive .preempted

(D) passive created

(E) defeatist .overshadowed

4. The computer expert underscored that the

new software would _ the prior

version; users could simply

the old one.

(A) preclude .destroy

(B) outdo .implement

(C) infect .disregard

(D) undermine .detach

(E) supercede .discard

5. Romania has a long and

tradition of activist-poets, who through

poetry have the dignity and

(E) exemplary .countered

6. Dr Patel expected the surgery to be

and laborious, but it turned

out to be speedy and .

(A) fragile .simple

(B) compelling .forthcoming

(C) intricate .straightforward

(D) complicated .locatable

(E) hard .mechanical

7. Despite the longstanding

between the clans, both clans each other in the aftermath of the disaster.

(A) feud .assisted (B) grudge .maligned (C) detente .withstood (D) skirmish ameliorated (E) alliance discounted

8. The oral tradition of the Bambara people

of West Africa is rich with humor and , characteristics which are evident in the merriment of their every- day life.

(A) irony (B) mirth (C) cynicism (D) history (E) mystery

9. Although Astropithicus has more cies than Pthicalitius, the latter populates

subspe-the Earth with numbers and

in more geographic regions.

(A) greater .diverse (B) lesser .secluded (C) milder .remote (D) scanter .familiar (E) larger .ominous

10. It is generally by medical practitioners that the last few weeks of a pregnancy are crucial in the of the fetus.

(A) acknowledged .progression (B) hedged .health

(C) endorsed .birthing (D) accepted .development (E) negated .vitality

11. Though the organization espoused

outward-focused ideals, in practice, it was

12. The prosecuting attorney described the

defendant’s character as and

base, but the defense attorney rejoined

that the prosecution was the

testimonials about the defendant.

(A) dark .misunderstanding

(B) nefarious .misconstruing

(C) lackluster .misinterpreting

(D) blustery .misapplying

(E) motley .misrepresenting

13. Many believe that the new drug regime

will be a for helping cure

diverse ailments related to spinal

14. The executive charged that the

whistle-blower’s actions were so self-centered that

they were not just but even

(E) erratic .destructive

15. Technology, instead of alleviating the demands upon our time, has made the pace of modern-day life increase to a near pace.

(A) elicit (B) frenetic (C) lethargic (D) dilatory (E) cavalier

Questions 16–27 are based on the following

collecting and documenting the Hispano

folk stories, plays, and religious tions of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.

tradi-Rael was born on August 14, 1900,

in Arroyo Hondo, New Mexico Famous for its spectacular setting north of Taos, the village lies in a deep, narrow valley between Taos mountain and the gorge of the Rio Grande to the west His family prospered in sheep and cattle ranching and owned a mercantile business that

served surrounding Hispano communities

as well as nearby Taos Pueblo.

Juan’s parents, José Ignacio Rael and Soledad Santistevan, raised a family of four sons and a daughter José Ignacio had the foresight to recognize the changes that were coming with the increasing Americanization of New Mexico and realized that a fluent knowledge of English and a good education would be necessary for his

family to excel Since local schools were

rudimentary at best, the family relied

upon its own resources to get the best

possible education for the children Juan

was a dedicated student from his earliest

years, and his father’s ambition was for

him to become a lawyer and tend to the

family lands and business Juan’s

elementary schooling was at Saint

Michael’s College in Santa Fe, and his

high school studies were at the Christian

Brothers’ College in St Louis, Missouri.

The boy’s semester-long absences from

his family led him to treasure the simple

pleasures of village life Summers are

especially beautiful in Arroyo Hondo,

and Christmas and Easter vacations were

filled with colorful festivities and solemn

ceremony Rael later reminisced about

how much the Pastores, or Shepherds’

plays, impressed him as a child

Un-doubtedly, the instincts and sympathies

of Rael the folklorist can be traced to

these beginnings—watching rehearsals

and performances depicting shepherds,

hermits, and the rich ensemble of

pastoral characters.

What became clear in his

post-secondary studies is that he was much

more attracted to literature, philology,

and the emerging disciplines of linguistics

and folklore His Bachelor’s degree, from

St Mary’s College in Oakland in 1923,

led to a Master’s degree from the

University of California at Berkeley in

1927 In the meantime, in 1923, he

married Quirina Espinoza of Antonito,

Colorado Rael’s first inclination was to

become an English teacher, but his bride

helped convince him that his

opportuni-ties and strengths would be as an

Hispanist After deciding on a university

career of teaching and research, Rael

relinquished his family inheritance in land, cattle, and sheep to his three brothers and his sister.

Rael realized that the wealth in northern New Mexico that interested him was the vast repertory of folk narrative, song, and custom that had scarcely been documented While teaching at the University of Oregon, he returned to Arroyo Hondo in the summer

of 1930 to begin compiling his famous

collection of over five hundred Nuevo

Mexicano folk tales.

By then his work had attracted the

attention of pioneer Hispano folklorist

Aurelio Espinosa who invited Rael to Stanford in 1933 Rael completed his doctoral studies in 1937 there with a dissertation on the phonology and morphology of New Mexico Spanish that amplified the work of Espinosa with the huge corpus of folk tales, later published

as, Cuentos Españoles de Colorado y

Nuevo Mexico: Spanish Folk Tales of Colorado and New Mexico.

Well versed in the historic-geographic theory of transmission and diffusion of motifs, tale types, and genres, Dr Rael set out on the formidable, almost quixotic task of gathering all the possible versions and texts of the tales, hymns, and plays he was studying The vast majority of tales are of European provenance, with only minimal local references He meticulously traced the shepherds’ plays to several root sources

in Mexico, and his study, The Sources

and Diffusion of the Mexican Shepherds’ Plays, is a standard reference on the

subject His ground-breaking study of the

alabado hymn, The New Mexican Alabado, is also a prime resource But

inevitably the historic-geographic

approach led more to collection building

than to analysis Later generations of

scholars would develop interests in

performance-centered studies, but the

collections of Rael continue to be an

indispensable landmark in the field.

16. The author’s attitude towards Dr Rael’s

work can best be described as

17. The passage primarily

(A) analyzes the academic contributions

(E) relates the story of the Rael family.

18. The passage implies that Rael decided that

he would have more opportunity as a

Hispanist than as an English teacher

because

(A) Hispanics weren’t often hired to

teach English.

(B) Hispanic folklore would soon vanish.

(C) he would have to live far from his

family to teach English.

(D) his English skills were mediocre.

(E) becoming an Hispanist was a nearer

match to his educational

back-ground.

19. The author probably uses the word

“relinquished” in line 70 to emphasize that

(A) Rael had had friction with his

siblings.

(B) Rael’s family was very wealthy.

(C) Rael had tried to be a rancher for

of the twentieth century

(A) had a ranch-driven economy.

(B) was suffering severe economic

depression.

(C) was economically booming because

of a newly opened southern railroad route to California.

(D) had a strong public education system (E) was not a primarily English-speaking

region.

21. Which of the following best describes Dr Espinosa’s relationship to Dr Rael?

(A) Boss (B) Critic (C) Mentor (D) Pastor (E) Father

22. The word “corpus” in line 91 most closely means

(A) religious text.

23. According to the passage, which of the

following of Dr Rael’s activities as a

young man was most important for the

development of his later academic

interests?

(A) Working on his family’s ranch

(B) Watching Pastores as a young man

(C) Studying in a religious school

(D) Reading books on the shepherds of

northern New Mexico

(E) Struggling to retain his Spanish when

his schooling was in English

24. The phrase “diffusion of motifs” in lines

96–97 refers to

(A) variations in the same stories that

occur over time or by region.

(B) adherence to standard literary

structures.

(C) variations in language use by region.

(D) the surprising similarity of stories in

different cultures.

(E) the loss of folklore in more

industri-alized societies.

25. The word “provenance,” line 103, could

best be replaced with which of the

(A) focuses too much on the Pastores.

(B) privileges Spanish-language stories

over English-language stories.

(C) focuses too much on European

stories and not enough on Mexican stories.

(D) doesn’t offer enough analysis of the

folklore.

(E) includes too many materials, without

differentiating between good and bad.

27. The passage suggests, in lines 97–101 that

Dr Rael

(A) was mistaken about how much

folklore was circulating.

(B) traveled extensively as he gathered

folklore.

(C) was disorganized but intelligent in

his methods.

(D) had an historic insight about the

source of New Mexican folklore.

(E) developed an excessively technical

model for the development of folklore.

S T O P Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.

Directions: Solve the following problems using any available space on the page for scratchwork Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the correct answer.

Notes:

1 You may use a calculator All of the numbers used are real numbers.

2 You may use the figures that accompany the problems to help you find the solution Unless the instructions say that a figure is not drawn to scale, assume that it has been drawn accurately Each figure lies in a plane unless the instructions say otherwise.

w b

2s

s

s x

A 5 pr 2

C 5 2pr A 5 ,w A 5 1

2 bh V 5 ,wh V 5 pr

2 h c 2 5 a 2 1 b 2 Special Right Triangles

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

1. At full capacity, Thompson Paper Factory

produces 200 sheets of paper per second.

If the factory is operating at a quarter of

its full capacity, how many sheets of paper

will the factory produce in twelve

(D) 19

3

(E) 15

2

3. Which of the following is the greatest

common factor of 32 and 42?

(A) 30 (B) 32 (C) 50 (D) 60 (E) 62

6. If there are 18 girls in 4 th grade, how many boys are there in 3 rd and 4 th grade

at Hyde Park Elementary?

(A) 18 (B) 22 (C) 26 (D) 30 (E) 32

7. Which of the following is the value of the

exponent when the expression ~ m

3

4 ! 22

m 5 4

is simplified?

9. Taking the highway from Easton to

Bethsaida is 7 miles longer than taking

surface streets from Easton to Bethsaida.

It is 31 miles total if you travel from

Easton to Bethsaida via highway and

return via surface streets How many miles

then, is the highway route?

x 2 1 3x 2 18 , for what values

of x is the function undefined?

(A) 0 (B) 23,6 (C) 23,3 (D) 2,5 (E) 3,26 11.

If f(x) is graphed above, then f(x) 5

(C) 8 (D) = 75

(E) 9

14. Z is the set of numbers 1 through 50

inclusive How many members of Z are

evenly divisible by 2 and 3?

Which of the following figures is similar

to the shape shown above?

17. The sum of eight positive even integers is

50 If no integer can appear more than

twice in the set, what is the greatest

possible value of one of the integers.

ABC is an equilateral triangle and DEFG

is a square If AB 5 DE, how many different ways can ABC be placed in

DEFG such that two vertices of the

triangle coincide with two corners of the square?

(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10 (E) 12

19. G, S, and T are three points that lie on a

plane If the distance between G and S is

9, and the distance between S and T is 5,

which of the following are possible

distances between G and T?

I 3

II 5 III 14 (A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III

Directions: Each passage below is followed by a set of questions Read each passage, then answer the accompanying questions, basing your answers on what is stated or implied in the passage and any introductory material provided Mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet that best corresponds to the correct answer.

Line Frederic Remington (1861–1909) has

long been celebrated as one of the most

gifted interpreters of the American West.

Initially, his western images appeared as

illustrations in popular journals As he

matured, however, Remington turned his

attention away from illustration,

concentrating instead on painting and

sculpture About 1900 he began a series

of paintings that took as their subject the

color of night Before his premature

death in 1909 at age 48, Remington

completed more than seventy paintings in

which he explored the technical and

aesthetic difficulties of painting darkness.

1. The passage suggests Remington’s major

artistic accomplishments were

(A) magazine illustrations.

(B) sculptures.

(C) paintings of nocturnal cityscapes.

(D) paintings of nocturnal landscapes.

(E) color studies.

Line The question of what counts as literature has been strongly debated over the last few decades both in and out of academia Some argue that only the test of time ultimately vindicates a fictional work’s claim to the status of literature Their argument runs like this: if people still read, still reference, still care about a work of fiction decades or even centuries after its original publication, then that work clearly rises to the auspicious status

of literature Critics of this view, though, point out that this method of determining what is and is not literature by definition excludes contemporary works from consideration We do not know, they rightfully contend, if a novel published in the last few years will be read in a

hundred years or not And so they ask, does this mean we cannot meaningfully discuss whether the work is important, or influential, or of great merit?

(C) literature is a much more prestigious

category than fiction.

(D) the debate regarding what is

litera-ture is excessively erudite.

(E) for a work to establish itself as

literature is an incredible feat.

3. The argument, given in the passage,

against the “test of time” approach is that

(A) it excludes by definition all writing

that is not fictional.

(B) it does not take trends in critical

interest into account.

(C) it excludes contemporary fiction

from the discussion.

(D) it allows contemporary works to be

considered alongside the great works

of centuries past.

(E) it gives too much weight to popular

opinion.

Line Since the sixteenth century, astronomers

have recognized Mars for what it is—a

relatively nearby planet not so unlike our

own The fourth planet from the sun and

Earth’s closest neighbor, Mars has been

the subject of modern scientists’ careful

scrutiny with powerful telescopes, deep

space probes, and orbiting spacecraft In

1976, Earth-bound scientists were

brought significantly closer to their

subject of investigation when two Viking

probes touched down on that red soil.

The possibility of life on Mars, clues to

the evolution of the solar system,

fascination with the chemistry, geology,

and meteorology of another planet—

these were considerations that led the National Aeronautics and Space Admin- istration to Mars Project Viking’s goal, after making a soft landing on Mars, was

to execute a set of scientific investigations that would not only provide data on the physical nature of the planet but also make a first attempt at determining if detectable life forms were present.

4. Which of the following does the graph most emphasize as the motivation for the Viking trip to Mars?

para-(A) Fascination with chemistry on

In our scientific age such stories seem earthy at best and ridiculous at worst.

But not all ancient units of measure have

such arbitrary origins The mile is a good

example of this Though the mile is today

counted as part of the English system of

measurement, the unit dates back to

ancient Rome The English word mile

derives from the Latin term mille, which

means one thousand For the Romans,

the mille was one thousand paces A pace

was two steps, or five feet roughly This

meant the mille was 5,000 feet In

medieval Europe, however, the 220-yard

furlong became the dominant

ment used To reconcile the two

measure-ments, the mile was lengthened to be

eight furlongs This made the mile 5,280

feet A sixteenth-century act of

Parlia-ment fixed this measureParlia-ment for the mile.

It is true that the English system of

measurement, the system that includes

the mile, the yard, the foot, and the inch,

has a certain quirkiness to it because it

has evolved through human history This

quirkiness might irritate scientists, but it

is part and parcel of the tradition that

has been bequeathed, in its accumulated

form, to the English-speaking world.

Passage 2

The metric system was conceived by

twelve French scientists during the

French Revolution Like many

innova-tions during the French Revolution, the

metric system was formulated as a

scientific system that would replace

traditional ways of ordering society The

revolutionaries did not see it as a

coincidence that length was meted in

measures based on the size of a medieval

king Instead of these arbitrary standards,

the metric system’s basic unit of measure,

the meter, was based upon the

circumfer-ence of the Earth For the meter to be a

manageable size, it was defined as one one-forty-millionth of the Earth’s circumference They employed the word

meter to harken back to the ancient

Greek word metron, meaning measure.

The rest of the metric system is even less arbitrary in origin The other metric units of length were generated by either multiplying or dividing the meter by a factor of ten Thus a kilometer is 1000 meters, and a centimeter is one one- hundredths of a meter It is the great asset

of the metric system, at least for tists, that units for measuring weight and energy are also derived from the basic unit of the meter For instance, weight is measured in grams, which are determined

scien-by the weight of one cubic centimeter

of water.

France made use of the metric system compulsory in 1840 Other countries rapidly followed suit The adoption of the metric system, also known as the international system, or S.I., coincided with great advances in science By 1900, over 35 countries had officially adopted its use In the United States, the system has been dubbed “voluntary” and

“preferred,” but has never been made compulsory.

The measure of the meter has been refined three times since its conception in

1791 The latest was in 1983 when the speed of light was employed to give the greatest precision for the measurement to date The distance that light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second is the internationally accepted definition of

5. What is the author of Passage 1’s attitude

towards the English system of

(A) demonstrate that the reader’s

preconceptions about the English system are wrong.

(B) illustrate the role of the English

monarchy in the development of the English system.

(C) reveal how far back in time the

English system goes.

(D) provide a concrete example of how

the arbitrariness of the English system developed.

(E) suggest the practicality of the English

8. By “reconcile the two measurements,”

(line 28–32) the author means

(A) determine which one was accurate (B) develop a new system of measure-

ment without the inaccuracies of the old.

(C) settle the public’s disagreement over

which was better.

(D) find a metric equivalent.

(E) cease using two different systems.

9. The author refers to the English system’s

“accumulated form” line 40–41 primarily

to emphasize that the system

(A) ceased to change once officially

adopted.

(B) derives from a variety of sources.

(C) stretches back further than reliable

written history.

(D) continues to evolve.

(E) was adopted wholesale.

10. The authors of the two passages would be most likely to agree that the metric system

(A) has a shorter but equally interesting

history as the English system.

(B) has a history that reaches back as far

as the English system’s.

(C) has a longer history than the history

of the English system.

(D) should not be thought of historically (E) has a history that is equally long but

less colorful than the English system’s.

11. According to Passage 2, the invention of

the metric system was

(A) one of the greatest accomplishments

of the French Revolution.

(B) in contradiction to many of the other

goals of the French Revolution.

(C) a side-effect of the French

Revolu-tion’s new calendar system.

(D) one of many anti-traditionalist

undertakings of the French

Revolu-tion.

(E) left incomplete at the end of the

French Revolution.

12. In the sentence beginning “In the United

States .” (line 82) the writer suggests

that the United States

(A) has never seriously attempted to

implement the metric system.

(B) is likely to adopt the metric system

fairly soon.

(C) has created official policies regarding

use of the metric system.

(D) has attempted to require use of the

metric system, but has been unable

to enforce its policies.

(E) reflects a clear bias for the

superior-ity of the English system.

13. The word “refined” in line 87 most

defini-(A) have determined that the new meter

is a more manageable length.

(B) have more sophisticated data on the

circumference of the earth.

(C) needed a way to bring the meter’s

length closer to the yard’s.

(D) have developed more accurate ways

to calculate the original fraction.

(E) wanted to disassociate the meter

with the French Revolution.

15. In at least one of the passages all of the following are mentioned EXCEPT

(A) the kings who ruled during the

standardization of measurements.

(B) the contemporary standing of the

measuring system discussed.

(C) terms from ancient languages.

(D) the refinement of measurement

standards in recent years.

(E) the cultural heritage of each

(B) United States has damaged its

reputa-tion in the internareputa-tional community by refusing to adopt the metric system.

(C) metric system is best confined to

scientific use.

(D) French Revolution was a high point

in the history of science.

(E) metric system is a more fitting system

for a democratic society.

S T O P Do not proceed to the next section until time is up.