Collins gem easy learning japanese phrasebook 2nd edition

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easy learning

Japanese phrasebook

for languages.

Miyoko Yam ashita

First published 2007

This edition published 2010

Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers Reprint 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Typeset by Davidson Pre-Press, Glasgow Printed in Malaysia for Imago www.collinslanguage.com

ISBN 978-0-00-735850-2

Your Collins Gem Phrasebook is designed to help you

locate the exact phrase you need, when you need it, whether on holiday or for business If you want to adapt the phrases, you can easily see where to substitute your own words using the dictionary section, and the clear, full-colour layout gives you direct access to the different topics.

The Gem Phrasebook includes:

• Over 70 topics arranged thematically Each phrase

is accom panied by a sim ple pronunciation guide which elim inates any problem s pronouncing foreign words.

• A top ten tips section to safeguard against any cultural faux pas, giving essential dos and don’ts for situations involving local custom s or etiquette.

• Practical hints to make your stay trouble free, show ing you where to go and what to do w hen dealing with everyday matters such as travel or hotels and offering valuable tourist information.

Using your phrasebook

3

o Face to face sections so that you understand what is being said to you These exam ple m ini­ dialogues give you a good idea of w hat to expect from a real conversation.

©Common announcem ents and m essages you may hear, ensuring that you never m iss the important information you need to know when out and about.

• A clearly laid-out dictionary m eans you will never

be stuck for words.

• A basic gram m ar section which will enable you to build on your phrases.

• A list of public holidays to avoid being caught out

by unexpected opening and closing hours, and to make sure you don’t m iss the celebrations! It’s worth spending tim e before you em bark on your travels ju st looking through the topics to see what is covered and becom ing fam iliar with what m ight be said to you.

W hatever the situation, your Gem Phrasebook is sure

to help!

4

Using your Staying somewhere 51

phrasebook 3 Hotel (booking) 51

Pronouncing Hotel desk 54

Japanese 7 Cam ping 55

Top ten tips 11 Self-catering 57

Talking to people 13 Shopping 58

Hello/goodbye, yes/noi3 Shopping phrases 58

Getting around 22 Clothes 64 Asking the way 22 Clothes (articles) 66 Bus and coach 25 Maps and guides 67

Taxi 34 Leisure 70 Boat and ferry 36 Sightseeing and

Custom s control 40 Entertainm ent 71

90 90 92 94 95 96 97 98 100

103 103 104 105 107

6

Although the Japanese writing system is rather

complicated, pronouncingjapanese is easy once you know the few basic rules This book has been designed so that as you read the pronunciation of the phrases, you can follow the Japanese This will help you to recognize the different sounds and give you a feeling for the rhythm of the language A few rules for you to note are below.

In Japanese the basic unit of speech is the

syllable, not the letter Each syllable is pronounced approximately the same length and rather flatly Japanese has a pitched accent (high and low) but tone doesn’t change the meaning, as it does in

Chinese It is more important not to stress any one part of a word For example, in English the word

Paris Is pronounced paris and In French paree

Japanese gives equal strength to both syllables: pari Japanese has relatively few sounds Each vowel has only one sound.

a a, ii, uu, ee, oo approximately double the

length of other syllables

g is pronounced as in golf, not as in Germany

y is pronounced as in young, not as in cry 8

Since Japanese lacks the consonants I and v, foreign loanwords with these letters are pronounced with r

and b, respectively Thus, English words ‘love’ and

‘rub’ both become indistinguishable as ra-bu in Japanese.

Japanese also lacks the si sound (as in ‘to sit’): shi

is used instead, with often embarrassing results! Other English sounds that do not exist in Japanese are hu (as in ‘hook’: fu is used instead); th (as in

‘thin’: shi is used instead); and ti (as in 'tin': chi is used instead).

Double consonants, like kk, pp, ssand ttare

written before a vowel, which indicates a pause

equivalent to one syllable in length before that

consonant The sound before the pause tends to become sharper than at other times.

ki, shi, chi, ni ,hi, mi, ri, gi, ji, bi and pi sounds can

be combined with ya, yu or yo to create combined consonants For example, ki + ya become kya, ki +

yu become kyu and ki + yo become kyo Examples

of this can be found in the words Tookyoo and

Kyooto, where it is pronounced as two sounds, but said very quickly with the same length of one syllable.

Pronunciation Meaning

m atchi ma (pause) chi match

In the case of the chi syllable, a double consonant sound is written as tchi as in the example above You should also remember that Japanese does not have a silent e at the end of a word such as in the English ‘to take’, if ‘take’ Is read as the Japanese word take (bamboo), it should be pronounced tah-keh Similarly sake (rice wine), is pronounced sah-keh,etc.

However, the vowel u at the end of a sentence such

as M ike desu will sound very weak.

Top ten tips

1 Always remember to remove your shoes before entering someone’s home Before stepping on

tatam i matting, slippers must also be removed Slippers must be changed when going to the toilet Remember not to leave the toilet still

wearing the toilet slippers, as it would be very embarrassing!

2 Always make sure that you do not have any holes

in your socks or tights, as you may have to take your shoes off unexpectedly.

3 Shaking hands is uncommon In Japan;

the Japanese greet each other by bowing

However, foreigners are sometimes greeted

with a handshake 4

4 Sum im asen is a word with many purposes;

it can be used to attract someone’s attention before making a request, or to get past people

on a crowded train It can also be used to say

7 You can only buy cigarettes and alcohol if you are over 20 years of age.

8 The Japanese tend not to use assertive words such as “yes” and “no” Good alternatives are ii desu ne for “yes” and chotto for “no”.

9 Cleanliness is important to the Japanese Never drop or leave rubbish.

10 It's advisable that you carry proof of identity at all times, so make sure that you always have your passport with you.

12

Hell o/good bye, yes/no

In Japanese there is no exact equivalent for the

word ‘hello’ - different greeting words are used

based on the time of the day Similarly, the word

c h o tto (whose literal meaning is ‘a bit’) is

influenced by body language: if said with one’s

head slightly tilted, it means ‘no’.

How are you? £> 7üM T 5 3 ‘ fa

Fine, thanks

ogenki desu ka?

And you?

hai.genkidesu anata wa?

Please f c l Ü l A U S f Thank you

onegaishimasu

You’re welcome

arigatoo(gozaimasu) dooitashlmashlte Excuse me!

Sorry!

gomennasai!

Yes

sumimasen! ( á u hal

Urn

iie

S c t o t chotto

Yes, please IS l/ \ S H l A U S f

No, thanks

hai.onegai shimasu UHAX.C i S S T - f iie, kekkoodesu

14

kltte Ichim al

hlto heyaone bottle — *

Ipponsome (countable)

eki ewaKyooto ewa gaarim asu

# £ D S tA j

gaarim asenitsu?

dekim asu ka?

I work from home f A l i

w atashi w aza itaku -kin m u desu I’m self-em ployed f A t t i= ii= S IT ? '3 "

w atashi w ajieigyoo desu

nante hidoi tenki!

ashitano tenki w a doo desu ka?

am e ga furisoo desu ka?

kyoo w a totem o atsui desu

kyoo w a totem o sam ui desu

arashi ni naru to o m oim asu ka?

Asking the way

® ® i .notonari next to

® j £ < .n ochikaku near to

M 3 shingoo traffic lights

o o dan-hodoo crossroads

( M l S f f l ) f t

(dooro no) kado

corner (of road)

F A C E T O F A C E

A f ^ i t h j ,

s u m im a s e n , eki m a d e d o o y a tte ikim a su ka?

Excuse me, how do I get to the station?

B T C ' n

massugu itte, hitotsu-me no kado o migi/

hidari ni magatte kudasai

Keep straight on, turn right/left at the first corner 22

tooi desu ka?

Is It far?

B U \ ^ j L 2 0 0 * - h ; i / / 5 # < 5 l V T ? - r

iie, nihyaku-meetoru/go-fun kurai desu

No, about 2 0 0 m etres/five m inutes

Bus and coach

P la ce s s u c h as Kyoto h ave to u ris t d ay p a sse s and bus route m a p s in E n g lis h , w h ic h you ca n o b ta in at

a bus sta tio n Lo cal b u s e s u su a lly board fro m th e rear d o o r an d if y o u r jo u r n e y is n ot covered by a flat fee you m a y need to p ic k up a n u m b e re d ticke t

A board a t th e fro n t o f th e b u s d isp la y s th e fares, based on th e n u m b e rs Yo u w ill need to kn o w yo u r

d e stin a tio n in Ja p a n e se ch a ra cte rs S o m e b u se s

board fro m th e fro n t d o o r an d require yo u to p ay as you enter T ic k e ts for lo n g / m ld d le d ista n c e co a ch trip s, a s w e ll a s airp ort lim o u s in e s, are u su a lly sold

at the co a ch co u n te r o r tic k e tin g m a ch in e

dokodejyooshaken o kaem asu ka?

W he re can I buy th e ticke ts?

the beach

How often are

the buses to ?

When is the first

when we are at

Please let me off

iki nosaishuu basu wa itsu desu ka?

itsu oritara iika oshiete kudasai ni tsuitara oshiete kudasai

T h e Ja p a n e se m e tro an d train se rv ice s are clean , safe an d run on tim e Yo u can e ith e r p u rch a se a prepaid card or an o rd in a ry tick e t fro m th e tic k e tin g

m a ch in e Silv e r se a ts are fo r the e ld e rly or people

w ith d ifficu ltie s M obile p h o n e s need to be on sile n t and you m u s t n ot ta lk in th e carriage In m a jo r citie s,

th e ru sh h o u r (b e tw ee n 7 and 9 am an d 5 an d 8 pm ) cru sh can be really bad S o m e tra in s have w o m e n -

o n ly ca rria g e s T h e Ja p a n e se m etro sy s te m is very

s im ila r to th e o ne in Lo n d o n T h e first t h in g you

m u s t do is o btain a m etro m ap w h ic h in d ic a te s all

th e lin es and sto p s

A D iriguchi e n tra n ce

t B D deguchi w a y o u t/e x it

28

d o o y a tte ni ikim asu ka?

norikae w a arim asu ka?

Ple ase let m e out

iki wa nan-bansen desu katsugi no eki w a doko desu ka?

tfr & tth j\

sum im asen!

P$-5 U T < fc £ lAoroshlte kudasai

kakuekl telsha slo w sto p p in g train

(stops at all stations)kalsoku/tokubetsu

kalsoku densha

local train (stops at selected stations)

ju n kyuu /kyuu koo densha

in te rcity (stops at m ain intercity stations: supplem ent)3°

tsugi n o iki n o d e n s h a w a n a n -jid e su ka?

W h a t tim e is th e n ext tra in to ?

kippu osan-mai kudasai

I’d like 3 tick e ts, p lease

katamichi desu ka, oofuku desu ka?

S in g le o r return?

W h e re is the f R i i i f j r - e - r * 'statio n? ekl wadokodesu ka?to f r S

a sin g le

IKI

J t a i - t S :katamichi ichi-mai

tw o retu rns f f i l —tfc

oofuku ni-maireserved se at

shitei-seki

n o n -re se rv e d se at

jiyuu-seklfirst cla s s i f v - y m

guriln-shastan d ard cla ss 8 » *

futsuu-sha

s m o k in g pm

kltsuennon s m o k in g

kinen32

Tookyoo m ade shinkansen no

shitei-seki o yoyaku shitain desu ga

n o rikae gaarim a su ka?

itsu shuppatsu shim asu ka?

ni tom arim asu ka?

IClib’O iig g T rA '

niwa itsu tsukim asu ka?

ni tsuitaraoshiete kudasai

33

Ja p a n e se taxis are safe, cle an and operate on m eters

T h e b a sic fee is b ase d on the v e h icle size It can be rath e r e xp e n sive b u t th e re is no need to tip Th ere are taxi sta n d s at s ta tio n s and m a jo r h o te ls b ut ta xis can also be hailed fro m the roadside You can identify

w h e th e r a taxi is a v a ila b le by the s ig n (kuusha)

d isp lay e d in the fro n t w in d scre e n All th e doo rs are

a u to m a tic a lly o p e rated by th e driver A receipt can

be req u este d if n ece ssary

donokurai kakarim asu ka?

eki m ade onegai shim asu

kuukoo m ade onegai shim asu

Boat and ferry

Ja p a n R ailw ay s OR) run ferry se rvice s on certain

ro utes w h e re the JR P a ss can be used T h e re is a good ferry n etw o rk in Ja p a n lin k in g th e vario u s isla n d s Ferries can be u sed a s an a lte rn a tive to tra in s if yo u w ish to travel b etw een th e isla n d s and

h ave tim e to spare D u rin g th e h o lid a y s so m e lin es

ca n be ve ry busy, s o if yo u are d riv in g it is ad visab le

jiko kuh yo o wa arim asu ka?

A z'n<ti-z> x U - tt& O

ni iku kaa-ferii w a arim asu ka? kippu w a ikura desu ka?

boat leave fro m ? booto w ad o ko karadem asu ka?

A re the re a n y jIS J IM lie t iiS 0 ¡ S '? " A '

boat trips?

o f the T o kyo bay

yuuransen w a arim asu ka?

W h a t typ e o f car dokurum a w a nan desu ka? you have?

Air travel

A t th e airport, m o s t s ig n s are w ritten in both

Ja p a n e se and E n g lish All th e airport s ta ff u nd erstand and sp e a k so m e E n g lis h Yo u can fin d airp ort d etails

Customs control

U K, U S, C a n a d ia n a n d A u stra lia n v isito rs to Japan

do n ot require a v is a for sh o rt b u s in e s s trip s and

h o lid ay s D u rin g y o u r stay, you are n ot allo w e d to

w o rk It is a d v isa b le th a t you carry p ro o f o f id en tity

at all tim e s, so m a ke su re th a t you a lw a y s carry yo u r

40

Do 1 have to pay

duty on this? kore ni zeikin ga kakarimasu ka?It’s for my own

personal use watashi gatsukau mono desu

It’s a present ^ U -tiV h T rr

- B f f lichinichi noper w e ek — t S fe J©

isshuukan no

42

h a -K li& x S 'T AN

kurejitto kaado w atsukae m asu ka?

<S> 9 ST

ANsookoo-kyori no siharai w a

arim asu ka?

In Ja p a n , the m a jo rity o f petrol sta tio n s are m an n e d

by a tte n d a n ts w h o n ot o n ly fill up th e ta n k fo r you

Fill it up, please

m antan nl site kudasal

Y O U M A Y H E A R

oiru/m izu ga hitsuyoo desu

You need so m e o il/

so m e w ate rsúbete daijoobu desu

Ufc

gasorin ga kirete shim aim ashita46

u indoow osshaa

w aipaa

48

Road signs

r r

sto p p in g p erm itted ce n tre line

drive slo w ly sto p

somewhere

Hotel (booking)

Ja p a n o ffers a w id e c h o ic e o f p lace s to stay, from

w e ste rn -s ty le h o te ls to tra d itio n a l Ja p a n e se inns

nam paku desu ka?

For how many nights?

ippaku/isshuukan ikuradesu ka?

kon yato m arem asu ka?

f eSl St t S

ofurotsukishaw aatsukiwith a double bed

with twin beds