This paper analyzes the situation of maritime economic development in Hai Phong from 2010 to present in terms of ocean freight, seaport services, fisheries and aquaculture, sea tourism. The paper gives general assessments of achievements and constraints, thus finds out some solutions to develop maritime economy in Hai Phong in the coming time.
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THE CURRENT STATE OF HAI PHONG MARITIME ECONOMY DURING
THE PERIOD FROM 2010 TO PRESENT
QUACH THI HA
Faculty of Political Theory, Vietnam Maritime University
Abstract
This paper analyzes the situation of maritime economic development in Hai Phong from
2010 to present in terms of ocean freight, seaport services, fisheries and aquaculture, sea tourism The paper gives general assessments of achievements and constraints, thus finds out some solutions to develop maritime economy in Hai Phong in the coming time
Keywords: Maritime economics, maritime economic situation in Hai Phong, solution
Tóm tắt
Bài viết phân tích thực trạng phát triển kinh tế biển ở Hải Phòng từ năm 2010 đến nay dưới các góc độ: vận tải hàng hóa bằng đường biển, dịch vụ cảng biển, đánh bắt nuôi trồng chế biến thủy sản, du lịch biển Bài báo đưa ra những đánh giá chung về thành tựu cũng như hạn chế, từ đó nêu ra một số giải pháp nhằm phát triển kinh tế biển ở Hải Phòng trong thời gian tới
Từ khóa: Kinh tế biển, thực trạng kinh tế biển ở Hải Phòng, giải pháp
1 Introduction
Maritime economy is one of the strengths of Hai Phong city The study of maritime economic situation in Hai Phong has great significance for the economic development of the city as well as the country
2 The maritime economic situation in Hai Phong from 2010 to present
2.1 Current situation of cargo transport by sea
Carriage of goods by sea plays an important role in the circulation of goods in Hai Phong, which
is the main force in exporting goods to markets in the world (accounting for about 90% of goods)
Table 1 Volume of goods transported and circulated in Hai Phong
in the period of 2010 - 2016 Year
Volume of freight
(thousand tons)
Volume of goods flow
(thousand tons.km)
2010 72,187.3 40,336.4 25,066.6 65,512.4 2,825.3 61,695.0
2012 92,046.6 62,449.7 23,063.9 65,400.3 6,369.9 57,786.9
2013 100,818.6 69,557.5 24,439.8 69,965.3 7,173.7 61,495.5
2014 110,184.5 76,306.4 26,671.1 71,582.1 8,412.3 61,764.5
2015 120,618.3 83,222.6 29,986.3 72,071.8 8,770.4 61,831.2
2016 133,228.0 95,495.0 31,095.7 74,117.9 10,543.5 62,162.2
Annual growth and decrease rate (%)
Source: Haiphong Statistical Yearbook 2015, 2016 [2,3]
It can be seen that the volume of cargo transported by sea has increased steadily over the years In 2010, the volume of goods transported reached 25,066.6 thousand tons (up 129.66% over 2009), in 2012 reached 23,063.9 thousand tons (up 114.65% compared to 2011), in 2015 reached
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29,986.3 tons, up by 112.43% over 2014 Revenue in 2017 reached 31,095.7 thousand tons The volume of goods transported by sea is relatively stable: in 2010, it reached 61,695 tons, with 61,764.5 thousand tons.km in 2014, by 2015 it reached 61,831.2 thousand ton.km Besides, 2017 still reached 62,162.3 thousand tons Although the volume of cargo transported by sea in terms of the proportion
of total transport volume in the area is not high, but with the advantages of long-distance cargo, the volume of cargo by sea transport accounted for a very high proportion (over 80%): 82.70% in 2010, 86.4% in 2014, 85.8% in 2015 This affirms the superiority of shipping and shipping by sea compared
to other modes of transport, confirming the advantages of the port city
2.2 Current port service status
In 2010, cargo through Hai Phong port reached 37.9 million tons; in 2011 was 44.8 million tons By the end of 2015, the number of commodities throughput reached over 68.2 million tons During the period of 2010 - 2015, output of goods through the port grows an average of 12.72% per year Port revenue has increased steadily, from 2,340.7 billion VND in 2010 to 4,705.2 billion VND
in 2015 In 2016, cargo throughput increased to more than 78 million tons and revenue reached 4,577.8 billions (VND)
Table 2 Revenue and output through the port area in Hai Phong for the period 2010 - 2017
Source: Hai Phong Statistical Office [3,4]
Through the port area of Hai Phong, the increase in output and revenue has confirmed that seaport service contributed significantly to the maritime economy development of Hai Phong city in particular and the maritime economy nationwide in general This sector has contributed to increase the city's total output, investment capital, create jobs and raise incomes for the city's population
2.3 Current status of fishing, aquacultured and aquatic products processing
With a 125 - kilometer coastline and approximately 17,000 hectares of water surface, it is favorable for the development of maritime cage fish species, molluscs, sea cucumbers, abalone,etc Hai Phong city has an important position for maritime economic development
Table 3 Exploitation and aquaculture output of the fisheries section for the period 2010 - 2016
Number
Production
total
(thousand tons)
Output
(thousand tons)
Value
(billions VND)
Output
(thousand tons)
Value
(billions VND)
Source: Haiphong statistical yearbook 2015, 2016 [2,3]
Total output of fisheries and aquaculture of the city is constantly increasing In 2010, the total output is 90.7, but by 2016, the total output is 123.9 thousand tons, increasing by 136.6% The value
of mining output has been increasing continuously over the years If the value of exploited output in
2010 is 1,281.8 billion, by 2015 to 1,934.3 billion, in 2016 is 2,126.4 billion Aquaculture in the city has gradually become a commodity-producing industry, contributing to the economic transformation
of agriculture Total area of aquaculture in Hai Phong city in 2010 is 13,486 hectares by 2015 reduced
to 12,046 hectares Aquaculture production in 2010 is 45.7 thousand tons, by 2015, reaching 51.7 thousand tons but by 2015 it will fall to 47.0 thousand tons, in 2016 increase to 49.4 thousand tons This is explained by the natural conditions for aquaculture in 2015 with many changes, harsh and negative impact on output, in 2016 has gradually recovered but not significantly However, the values
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of aquaculture production in 2015, 2016 respectively are 1,839.5 and 1,830.4 billion This raises the question of further raising the value of aquaculture in the city in the near future
The output of processed seafood of most types of products decreased, because enterprises did not have enough raw materials for production There are fish sauce products of some companies: Cat Hai Seafood Processing Joint Stock Company, Quang Hai Co., Ltd, Nguyen Hoang Co., Ltd have grown due to abundant supply of raw materials and have consumer market This shows that the seafood processing enterprises in Hai Phong are facing many difficulties in consumption market
as well as raw materials for production
2.4 The status of sea tourism
Then it comes to the contribution of economic sectors to GDP of Hai Phong, we can not fail to mention the contribution of tourism Visitors to Hai Phong are mainly sea-goers Do Son and Cat Ba are two major tourist destinations attracting a large number of domestic and foreign tourists
Table 4 Number of tourists to the city in the period 2010 - 2016
Year Domestic visitor
(passengers)
International Visitor
(passengers)
Number of guest days booked by accommodation
(days)
Revenue total
(billions VND)
Source: Haiphong Statistical Year Book 2015, 2016 [2,3]
The number of domestic visitors to Hai Phong increases annually In 2010, the number of visitors reached 3,543,608 by 2014 to 4,604,000 increased 154% (nearly 600,000 visitors per year) However, international visitors are relatively low and tend to be stable In 2010, it will reach 590,700 passengers, 682,000 by 2015 and 696,700 people by 2015 The number of tourists to the city in
2017 is estimated at 6.7 million passengers [4] In particular, the number of cruise tourists has decreased Along with reducing the trip, the number of visitors decreased and of course the revenue from this field also goes down Many large vessels bring thousands of tourists to the city because the port is not technically qualified to receive Passenger ships (mainly small and medium vessels) must be anchored at the container port, not convenient for car and passenger transportation as well
as not active in the wharf This is one reason why shipping companies do not visit Hai Phong Revenues from tourism grow well, with relatively high rates In 2010, it is estimated at VND 4,407.9 billion, it will reach VND 12,088.3 billion in 2015 and VND 14 trillion in 2016 (more than three times) The increase in the number and turnover of the whole tourism industry has shown the important position of tourism in the Hai Phong economy, especially in the coastal area, which shows
us the sustainable development Hai Phong sea tourism is completely right and proper, should be conducted in a scientific way
3 Overall assessment of maritime economy in Hai Phong during the period from 2010 to present
Promoting the advantages and potential of the sea and islands, in the recent years, Haiphong has achieved the following milestones: Hai Phong continues to maintain the role and position of a
"port city - gateway" of the North and the country Marine-coastal economy contributes about 30% of the city's total GDP Haiphong port is one of the most important ports in 536 seaports in Southeast Asia Port services continue to have new developments and become key economic sectors, accounting for a significant proportion of the city's economy Revenue from tourism, the number of visitors to the Hai Phong seasides also increased over 20% per year The fisheries sector continues
to assert its position as the center of fisheries in the north
However, with above achivements, Hai Phong maritime economy still has certain limitations: The environment of Hai Phong coastal area is having an alarm about pollution Without awareness of environmental protection, Hai Phong will lose the advantage of the sea
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The planning has many inadequacies: port planning has not kept pace with the development
of the seaport system in the world The planning of the city's fisheries sector has been implemented since 1999, after the postponement until now, has not yet been linked with the planning of other areas: land use planning, industrial development planning marketing
Marine science and technology is weak, patchy and backward At present, there is no research institute on marine works and maritime economic development
Seaport infrastructure and seaport development are not synchronous Old and outdated loading technology, the average productivity of 1m of jetty is low, about 4,000 tons/year (Ho Chi Minh City port with about 5,500 tons to 6,000 tons/m/year) [5] Streams are sedimented, ships are difficult
to enter The traffic system in the port is not synchronous and often jams Infrastructure for aquaculture, tourism service has not met the demand of economic development of the city
Regarding the synchronism between maritime policy and the Maritime Law, laws and policies
of some branches and domains related to maritime shipping laws are inadequate;
In the fishery sector, the quality of human resources is still limited, mainly in the general workforce, over 70% of whom are not trained [1] The level of human resources for tourism is weak, lack of experience, foreign languages
4 Some basic solutions for maritime economic development in Hai Phong in the coming time
- Raising awareness about the location and role of the sea, developing the maritime economy and actively protecting the marine environment;
- Well performance about the development of the maritime economic sector;
- Marine scientific and technological development;
- Completing the system of maritime economic infrastructure;
- Completing the system of legal documents and mechanisms and policies for maritime economic development;
- Developing and enhancing quality of maritime economic human resources
REFERENCES
[1] Hai Phong Department of Agriculture and Rural Development/Hai Phong Fisheries Economic Development Plan for 2016-2025, orientation to 2030, Hai Phong, 2015
[2] The People's Committee of Hai Phong City, The performance report of socio-economic, defense-security tasks in 2017, Hai Phong, 2017
[3] Statistical Office of Haiphong City, Statistical Yearbook 2015, Statistics Publishing House,
Hanoi, 2015
[4] Statistical Office of Haiphong City, Statistical Yearbook 2016, Statistics Publishing House,
Hanoi, 2017
[5] http://thoibaotaichinhvietnam.vn/pages/kinh-doanh/2015-10-15/nang-hieu-qua-khai-thac-he-thong-cang-bien-khu-vuc-hai-phong-25261.Asp
Received: 10 January 2018
Revised: 24 January 2018
Accepted: 29 January 2018