Lecture Computing for management - Chapter 1

Lecture Computing for management - Chapter 1 presents the following content: What is a computer? Modern digital computer, where did computers come from? Importance of the difference engine, electronic numerical integrator and computer, today’s desktop computers, computers for individual use,...

Lecture 1

Professor Dr Sajjad Mohsin

Division of Production, Information and Systems

Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology

(MIT), Hokkaido JAPAN

 Professor & Dean FIST, COMSATS Institute

of Information Technology Islamabad

Pakistan, April 2011 to date

 Dean FIST & Chairman CS (Associate

Professor)COMSATS Institute of

Information Technology Islamabad

Pakistan, Nov 2010 to August 2011

 Chairman & Head (Associate Professor)

Department of Computer Science,

COMSATS Institute of Information

Technology Islamabad Pakistan, July 2009

to Nov 2010.

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 Head (Associate Professor), Department of

Computer Science, COMSATS Institute of

Information Technology Islamabad

Pakistan, January 2008 to July 2009

 Associate Professor, COMSATS Institute of

Information Technology Abbottabad

Campus, Pakistan, April 2005-January 2008

 Research Assistant with Prof Yukinori

Suzuki, MIT Japan, 2004 to 2005

Research Project: A study on Telecommunication

Network Modeling.

Subject: Information Engineering Basic Practice B.

 Researcher with Prof Yukinori Suzuki at the MIT Japan,

 Systems Analyst, National Institute of Electronics

(NIE), Islamabad Pakistan, Jun 1987 – Jul 1992

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 2007 – Present

 Higher Education Commission, Pakistan

approved & funded research project "High

Performance Image Processing using

Genetic Algorithms on Auto-Load Balancing

Symmetric Multi-Processing Platform" worth

more than (Pakistan Rs.) 0.6 million

 2011 – 2013

National ICT R&D Fund approved and funded

the research project titled “3D Graphical

Imagery Therapy for Healing Brain Tumors in

Children” worth more than 11 million

Transaction of The Fuzzy Systems”

Journal

Information Technology Journal

Information Technology Journal

Education Commission for Pakistan

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 Awarded Japanese Government, Ministry

of Education Scholarship for Ph.D April

2002- March 2005

 Awarded Japanese Government, Ministry

of Education Scholarship for M.E April

2000 –March 2002

 Awarded Japanese Government, Ministry

of Education Scholarship as Research

Student Oct 1998- March 2000.

 Awarded Merit Scholarship by the

Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad for M.Sc Jan

Computing for Management

 This course has been designed to help

Management Science students to get

familiar with the modern computing

technologies

 Students will get familiarity with the

including the techniques to use different

office management software systems,

underline functioning and working of

hardware Computer organization, different

operating systems and multiple application

software will also be discussed

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Computing for Management

 Internet and Information communication

technologies have widely affected global

businesses

 With the knowledge of solving business

issues and activities using computing

technologies, attendees will understand

the usability and applications of it in a

much better way Knowledge of this

domain would be utilized in the rest of

the courses throughout the program

Course Theme

 Introducing Computer Systems

 Interacting With Your Computer

 Seeing, Hearing, and Printing Data

 Processing Data

 Storing Data

 Using Operating Systems

 Working with Application Software

 Networks

 Presenting the Internet

 Applying Internet Technologies

 Database Management

 Development of Information Systems

 Software Programming and Development

 Information Assurance: Security, Privacy, and Ethics

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 R K Rainer and C G Cegielski, Introduction to

information systems: enabling and transforming business

Wiley, 2009.

 B K Williams, S C Sawyer, and S E Hutchinson, Using

Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to

Computers &Telecommunications Irwin McGraw-Hill,

United States of America, 1999.

 B K Williams, S C Sawyer, and S E Hutchinson, Using

Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to

Computers &Telecommunications Irwin McGraw-Hill,

United States of America, 1999.

 Reference Books

A Leon and M Leon, Fundamentals of

information technology Leon Techworld,

1999

D H Sanders, Computers today

McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1996

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Books – Useful url’s

 You can download the books from

What is a Computer?

 It is an electronic device

 Converts data into information

 Modern computers are digital

Two digits combine to make data, 0 and 1

 Older computers were analog

A range of values made data

Example of old analog

computer

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Modern Digital Computer

Where did Computers Come from?

• Pre-mechanical age (3000 BC - 1450 AD)

main contribution: writing and numbering system(e.g cuneiform, alphabet, writing tools - clay, stylus, papyrus)

• Mechanical age (1450 - 1840)

main contribution: mechanical machines

(e.g.printing press, slide rule, Pascaline)

• Electromechanical age (1840 - 1940)

main contribution: electric-powered machines

(e.g voltaic battery, telegraph, telephone, radio)

 3000 BCE, early form of beads on wires, used in China

 Abacus, a Latin word derived its name from a Greek

word abakos, a

Greek genitive form

of abax which

means a

The Abacus (c 3000 BCE)

Charles Babbage (1791-1871)

Importance of the Difference

Engine

 First attempt to devise a computing machine that

was automatic in action and well adapted, by its

printing mechanism, to a mathematical task of

considerable importance.

Analytical Engine – A Design

Electronic Numerical Integrator

and Computer

 designed and constructed at the Moore

School of Electrical Engineering of the

University of Pennsylvania

ENIAC at Moore School, University of Pennsylvania

IBM 360

 The IBM System/360 (S/360) was a

mainframe computer system family

announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and

delivered between 1965 and 1978

 It was the first family of computers

designed to cover the complete range of

applications, from small to large, both

commercial and scientific.

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John Von Neumann

 Noyce, Moore , and Andrew Grove leave Fairchild and found Intel in 1968

focus on random access memory (RAM) chips

 Ted Hoff designs the Intel 4004 , the first

microprocessor in 1969

 based on Digital’s PDP-8

Today’s Desktop Computers

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Workstation Computer

Computers For Individual Use

 Notebook computers

Small portable computers

Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds

About 8 ½ by 11 inches

Typically as powerful as a desktop

Can include a docking station

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Computers For Individual Use

 Tablet computers

Newest

development in portable computers

Input is through

a pen

Run specialized

versions of office products

Computers For Individual Use

 Handheld computers

Very small computers

Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)

Note taking or contact management

Data can synchronize with a desktop

 Smart phones

Hybrid of cell phone and PDA

Web surfing, e-mail access

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Computers For Organizations

 Network servers

Centralized computer

All other computers connect

Provides access to network resources

Multiple servers are called server farms

Often simply a powerful desktop

Network Servers

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Computers For Organizations

Computers For Organizations

 Minicomputers

Called midrange computers

Power between mainframe and desktop

Handle hundreds of users

Used in smaller organizations

Users access through a terminal

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Computers For Organizations

Computers In Society

 More impact than any other invention

Changed work and leisure activities

Used by all demographic groups

 Computers are important because:

Provide information to users

Information is critical to our society

Managing information is difficult

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Computers In Society

 Computers at home

Many homes have multiple computers

Internet is commonly available at homes

Computers are used for

○ Business

○ Entertainment

○ Communication

○ Education

Computers In Society

 Computers in education

Computer literacy required at all levels

 Computers in small business

Makes businesses more profitable

Allows owners to manage

 Computers in industry

Computers are used to design products

Assembly lines are automated

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Computers In Society

 Computers in government

Necessary to track data for population

○ Police officers

○ Tax calculation and collection

Governments were the first computer users

Computers In Society

 Computers in health care

Revolutionized health care

New treatments possible

Scheduling of patients has improved

Delivery of medicine is safer

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The first computer bug

Rear Admiral Dr Grace Murray

Hopper