Bài giảng Computer Organization and Architecture: Chapter 8

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William Stallings

Computer Organization and Architecture

6th Edition

Chapter 8

Operating System Support

Objectives and Functions

• Convenience

—Making the computer easier to use

• Efficiency

—Allowing better use of computer resources

Layers and Views of a Computer System

Operating System Services

O/S as a Resource Manager

Types of Operating System

• Interactive

• Batch

• Single program (Uni­programming)

• Multi­programming (Multi­tasking)

Simple Batch Systems

Memory Layout for Resident Monitor

Job Control Language

Desirable Hardware Features

Multi-programmed Batch Systems

• I/O devices very slow

• When one program is waiting for I/O, another 

can use the CPU

Single Program

Multi-Programming with Two Programs

Multi-Programming with Three Programs

Utilization

Time Sharing Systems

• Allow users to interact directly with the computer

—i.e. Interactive

• Multi­programming allows a number of users to 

interact with the computer

Long Term Scheduling

Medium Term Scheduling

Short Term Scheduler

Process States

Process Control Block

PCB Diagram

Key Elements of O/S

Process Scheduling

• Problem:  I/O is so slow compared with CPU 

that even in multi­programming system, CPU can be idle most of the time

Partitioning

Variable Sized Partitions (1)

Variable Sized Partitions (2)

Effect of Dynamic Partitioning

Logical and Physical Addresses - Paging

Page Table Structure

Translation Lookaside Buffer

TLB Operation

TLB and Cache Operation

Pentium II Address Translation Mechanism

PowerPC Memory Management Hardware

PowerPC 32-bit Memory Management Formats

PowerPC 32-bit Address Translation