Module Linux essentials - Module 2: Open source applications and licenses

Module 2 present open source applications and licenses. Objective summary of this module: Understanding desktop, server, and mobile applications; introducing development languages and package management.

Module 2 Open Source Applications and

Licenses

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Exam Objective 1.2 Major Open Source

The Many Faces of Linux

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Linux plays many roles

• Servers are usually unattended and

handle data on behalf of other machines

• Desktops a.k.a clients are more

interactive, often graphical

• Mobile is a tablet or phone

• Development is much like a desktop but

with more capacity for development

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• POP/IMAP servers let clients download

mail

File Servers

• Network File System is the native UNIX

file sharing protocol

• Samba allows a Unix machine to emulate

a Windows client and server

• Netatalk allows a Unix machine to

emulate an Apple file server

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Infrastructure

• ISC bind is a Domain Name System

server

• OpenLDAP is a LDAP server for directory

information

• ISC DHCP configures dynamic clients

through the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

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Graphical Desktop

• X-Windows is the base graphical system

• Window managers add menus and

window management (open, close, hide, etc)

• Desktop environments provide window managers and tools

Window Managers

• Compiz, FVWM, Enlightenment, Metacity

• Takes the basic windows and provides the chrome to move, close, open, etc

• Switches focus between running

applications

• Adds menus and application launchers

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Desktop Environment

• KDE, GNOME, Unity

• Window manager + tools

applications or search the computer

• LibreOffice is a fork of OpenOffice

• Includes word processor, spreadsheet, presentation package, drawing tool

• Good compatibility with Microsoft Office file formats

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Web and Email

• Chromium and FireFox are popular open source browsers

popular, ensuring excellent support

• Thunderbird, Evolution, and KMail are

popular email clients

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Development

• Languages are either Compiled or

Interpreted

• Tradeoff of programmer productivity vs computing resources

• Libraries bundle common behavior to reduce the amount of code needed

Open Source Licensing

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Exam Objective 1.3 Understanding Open Source

Software and Licensing

Software Licenses

• The creator of the software owns the

copyright to the software

• The creator grants a software license for

people to use the software

• Some licenses take away rights, others give rights

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Free Software Foundation

• Started by Richard Stallman in 1985

• Also run the GNU project that provides tools to Linux and other Unix Oses

• GPLv2 and GPLv3 licenses allow you to modify and redistribute the software

• Copyleft provision dictates that you must share source code to your changes

• GPL is a popular Free Software license

• GPL is “viral” as changes must also use

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Open Source Initiative

• Bruce Perens and Eric Raymond started the OSI in 1998

• Copyleft clauses are too extreme, FSF

was too political

• OSI doesn’t make licenses, only endorses them

• FSF licenses are OSI approved, but OSI licenses aren’t necessarily FSF approved

Permissive Free Software

• An OSI license must allow the source to

be open, to be modified, redistributed, and

to be used by anyone for any purpose

• BSD and MIT licenses allow you to use

and redistribute software, or to keep your changes private and use it in proprietary software

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Non software licensing

• Art and written material can be licensed, too

• Public domain disavows any copyright restrictions

• Creative Commons has a variety of

licenses to allow people to use the work under certain restrictions

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• NonCommercial – no commercial use

• Combinations are allowed, such as

Attribution-No-Derivs-NonCommercial

• No Rights Reserved – public domain

Making money with Open

Source

• Sell services, support, warranty

• Work on features in exchange for money

• Use Open Source in your day

job/consulting

• Use work time to fix/improve Open Source

• Build paid plugins/modules (subject to

license restrictions)