Lecture Programming in C++ - Chapter 1: Computing fundamentals

Lecture Programming in C++ - Chapter 1: Computing fundamentals. In this chapter we will discuss: History of electronic computers, John von Neumann, architecture, schematic, main memory, memory access, central processing unit, mass storage devices,...

Fundamentals

First computer

– ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer) at Iowa State U – 1930’s

Mathematician

Proposed alternative to “hard wiring”Introduced concept of stored program instructions

– Both data and instructions were stored – Led to development of multipurpose 

computers

Lesson 1.1

Palmtops

Speed and size!

Lesson 1.1

Lesson 1.2

Main Memory

Controllers Peripheral Devices

CPU

Arithmetic

Logic Unit

Register Register Register

Control Unit

Motherboard

Lesson 1.2

– Bit pattern is code

Lesson 1.2

Represented by 2 raised to a power

2 3  = 8 bits (byte)

2 10  = kilobyte Thousand        1,024

2 20  = megabyte Million        1,048,576

2 30  = gigabyte Billion       1,073,741,824

2 40  = terabyte Trillion       1,099,511,627,776

Lesson 1.2

Two categories

– Mass storage

Disk drives Tape drives

CD drives, etc.

– Input­output (I/O)

Monitors Keyboards Printers Speakers, etc.

Lesson 1.2

Store information

Devices that rotate, write to or read from called drives

On/Off (binary)

– Magnetic spots on disks or tape

– Pits or “lands” on CDs (optical disks)

Lesson 1.2

permanent (unless deliberately erased)

Lesson 1.2

Input

– Convert information coming in to computer  compatible form

Coordinate actions of peripheral devices with actions of computer

Constant flow between peripheral 

equipment and controller

– Need to know what peripheral equipment is  doing

Lesson 1.2

Groups of individual computers and 

peripheral devices linked together to share information and resources

Every memory cell needs to be addressedBinary code represent address of cell

One cell can contain address of another memory cell

Lesson 1.4

Procedural (imperative) Functional

Declarative Object oriented 

Lesson 1.5

Set of instructions read into computer’s memory and later executed on demandTwo types

– System

Operating systems Utility programs Language translators – Application

Lesson 1.6

Software written into memory upon startupInterface between user, computer and 

Perform basic operations necessary for performance of computer system

– File operations

creating, copying, saving deleting, merging, sorting

Encapsulated with operating systems

Lesson 1.6

– Compilers:  Converts entire program to object code

Lesson 1.6

– Helps find violations of language rules

Lesson 1.6

Lesson 1.6

Describes process of software developmentProcess involves many steps (Figure 1.10)

– Custom made by user

Lesson 1.7

Lesson 1.7

Lesson 1.7

Using IDE to create executable programs

Learned about:

Chapter 1