Chapter 1 Advancer Linux Netword Administration Networking Configuration of lectures LPI 202 give you the knowledge: Linux Networking, Configuration Files, IP Netword Administration, Support Files,... Invite you to consult. Hope content useful document serves the academic needs and research.
Trang 1Networking Configuration
Chapter 01 Advanced Linux Network
Administration
Trang 2• Networking configuration
– Should be able to configure a network device to be able to
connect to a local network and a widearea network.
– To be able to communicate between various subnets within a
single network
• Networking utilities
Trang 3• Drivers
– An Ethernet driver is typically compiled into the kernel, but may be loaded as a kernel module at boot time
• Interfaces
– The Ethernet card interface is typically named "eth0". The
loopback interface is typically named "lo"
– /sbin/ifconfig a
will show all interfaces
– /sbin/ifconfig eth0
will show just the primary Ethernet card interface
Trang 4• All of these are in /etc.
• /etc/sysconfig/network
Define whether to activate networking on boot and define the
hostname of the machine
• /etc/sysconfig/networkscripts/ifcfglo
Configures the loopback interface (to 127.0.0.1) this interface
allows you to use TCP/IP software without being connected to a LAN.
• /etc/sysconfig/networkscripts/ifcfgeth0
Configures the primary Ethernet interface
Trang 5• Two choices:
– Static IP address
– Dynamic IP address
• (a) Static IP address useful for servers
– Example: Mike's notebook configured as a server
• /etc/sysconfig/network
– NETWORKING=yes – HOSTNAME=gojira.l17.citncaat
• /etc/sysconfig/networkscripts/ifcfgeth0
– DEVICE=eth0 – ONBOOT=yes – IPADDR=192.168.93.254
– NETMASK=255.255.255.0 – GATEWAY=192.168.93.1
Trang 6• (b) Dynamic IP address using DHCP
– Example: Mike 's notebook configured as a mobile workstation
using DHCP.
• /etc/sysconfig/network
– NETWORKING=yes
– HOSTNAME=gojira
• /etc/sysconfig/networkscripts/ifcfgeth0
– DEVICE=eth0 – BOOTPROTO=dhcp – ONBOOT=yes
Trang 7• /etc/hosts Lists static IP addresses and hostnames.
– Example:
• # Do not remove the following line, or various programs # that require
network functionality will fail.
• 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
• 192.168.90.157 gojira
• /etc/resolv.conf Lists files, domains, and DNS servers to
search to convert hostnames to IP addresses.
– Example:
• ; generated by /sbin/dhclientscript
• search cogeco.ca
• nameserver 192.168.0.1
Trang 8• /etc/init.d/network
• Started by init when the system starts. You may also run it
as "root" with any one of these following options:
– /etc/init.d/network start
– /etc/init.d/network stop
– /etc/init.d/network restart
– /etc/init.d/network reload
– /etc/init.d/network status
Trang 9• ping
– The ping command allows the user to test whether or not a network connection
is active, the speed of that connection, and how a network behaves given
specific data loads.
• ping IPaddress
Example: ping 203.162.44.34
• When the ping command is finished (or you manually stop it with
CTRLC):
– a minimum time
– Average time
– maximum time
– percentage of packets that may have been lost.
is calculated
Trang 10• ifconfig also: ifcfg, ifup, ifdown, ethtool
– The ifconfig command is a tool used to display and configure
network interfaces.
– ifconfig eth0 192.168.20.21 netmask 255.255.255.0
– ifconfig eth0 up
– ifconfig eth0 down
– ifconfig a
Trang 11• hostname also: domainname, dnsdomainname
– The hostname command tells you what the hostname of your machine is set
to.
– The hostname is determined from a number of sources, such as the
/etc/sysconfig/network or /etc/hosts files.
• Example
[root@proserv root]# hostname
proserv
[root@proserv root]# hostname webserv
[root@proserv root]# hostname
webserv
[root@proserv root]# domainname vnuitp.edu.vn
[root@proserv root]# domainname
Trang 12• nslookup,host,dig
– These commands query the DNS database to determine
information about network hosts
$nslookup www.yahoo.com
$nslookup
>set type=any
>vnn.vn
$host www.vnn.vn
$dig
Trang 13• traceroute also: tracepath
– This program prints the route along which an IP packet travels from the local
host to reach the destination host.
– Example:
root@sleipnir root]# traceroute www.ibm.com
1 dvalin (192.168.168.252) 0.739 ms 0.364 ms 0.265 ms
2 midgard.lesbell.com.au (203.35.202.158) 1.890 ms 1.315 ms 1.292 ms
3 Loopback1.ken10.Sydney.telstra.net (165.228.2.1) 17.909 ms 19.071 ms 19.581 ms
4 10GigabitEthernet150.kencore4.Sydney.telstra.net (203.50.20.1) 31.446 ms 208.883 ms 171.406 ms
5 10GigabitEthernet30.padcore4.Sydney.telstra.net (203.50.6.86) 20.327 ms 20.912 ms 18.271 ms
6 GigabitEthernet22.sydcore01.Sydney.net.reach.com (203.50.13.38) 20.309 ms 20.360 ms 19.721 ms
7 i122.wilcore01.net.reach.com (202.84.144.25) 169.611 ms 170.647 ms 168.839 ms
8 202.84.251.166 (202.84.251.166) 191.602 ms 188.565 ms 177.935 ms
9 so10.core2.LosAngeles1.Level3.net (64.152.193.65) 201.521 ms 200.113 ms 202.050 ms
10 so410.bbr2.LosAngeles1.Level3.net (4.68.113.173) 201.732 ms 201.403 ms 201.674 ms
11 so300.mp1.Denver1.Level3.net (64.159.1.113) 228.770 ms 227.226 ms 229.076 ms
12 so60.hsa1.Denver1.Level3.net (4.68.112.154) 228.021 ms 228.383 ms 237.262 ms
13 unknown.Level3.net (209.245.20.10) 226.879 ms 228.772 ms 230.193 ms
Trang 14• The routing tables are configured, checked and changed
with the /sbin/route tool.
• Add a static route:
– /sbin/route add net 10.0.0.0 gw 192.168.1.108 dev eth1
• Add a default gateway:
– /sbin/route add default gw 192.168.1.1 eth0
• Listing the kernel routing table:
– /sbin/route n
Trang 15• arp also: arping
– The arp command by itself is used to view the information currently in the ARP
table (Address Resolution Protocol). This table maps the IP address of
machines on your network segment with their MAC address.
• Example
• [root@proserv root]# arp a
bash: child setpgid (893 to 893): No such process
? (10.11.2.219) at 4C:00:10:38:AB:C6 [ether] on eth0
? (10.11.1.7) at 00:10:B5:CC:9D:75 [ether] on eth1
? (10.11.2.104) at 4C:00:10:60:2F:BB [ether] on eth0
? (10.11.1.1) at 00:07:85:A3:32:A1 [ether] on eth1
? (10.11.2.79) at 4C:00:10:71:AC:8B [ether] on eth0
? (10.11.1.8) at 00:0F:EA:6A:2A:C2 [ether] on eth1
? (10.11.1.23) at 00:0C:6E:45:57:45 [ether] on eth1
Trang 16• netstat
– The netstat command displays details about the network:
• routing tables and other interface statistics.
• Active Internet Connections.
• Example
[root@proserv root]# netstat an|more Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto RecvQ SendQ Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 10.11.1.2:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:445 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 10.11.1.2:445 10.11.2.197:1055 ESTABLISHED
Trang 17• Networking configuration
– to configure a network device to be able to connect to a local
network and a widearea network.
– To be able to communicate between various subnets within a
single network
– Test connection with other hosts