Ebook Pediatric and adolescent knee surgery: Part 1

(BQ) Part 1 book Pediatric and adolescent knee surgery has contents: Epidemiology of pediatric and adolescent anterior cruciate ligament injury, functional anatomy and biomechanics, gender specific issues and anterior cruciate ligament, controversies in return to play,... and other contents.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4511-9335-0 (alk paper) I Cordasco, Frank A., editor II Green,Daniel W., editor

[DNLM: 1 Anterior Cruciate Ligament—surgery 2 Knee Injuries—surgery

3 Adolescent 4 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction—methods 5.Child 6 Knee Joint—surgery 7 Osteochondritis Dissecans—surgery WE 870]RD561

617.5’82059—dc23

2015009595

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Contributing Authors

Jay C Albright, MD

Children’s Hospital Colorado Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado

Allen F Anderson, MD

Tennessee Orthopaedic Alliance Nashville, Tennessee

Christian N Anderson, MD

Tennessee Orthopaedic Alliance Nashville, Tennessee

Morgan A Anderson, MD

Internal Medicine Resident

New York, New York

Sarah M Baker, PT, DPT

Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

Davietta C Butty, BS

Sports Medicine Research Fellow Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush University Medical Center Chicago, Illinois

Henry G Chambers, MD

Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery University of California, San Diego Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, California

Theresa A Chiaia, PT, DPT

Sports Rehabilitation and Performance Center Department of Rehabilitation Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

Ellie Ci-En Choi, MBBS

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery National University Hospital Singapore

Elizabeth Cody, MD

Resident, Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

Brian J Cole, MD, MBA Professor

Clinical Supervisor, Sports Performance Department of Rehabilitation Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

Emily R Dodwell, MD, MPH, FRCSC

Assistant Professor, Orthopaedic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College Assistant Attending Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeon Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

Shevaun M Doyle, MD

Associate Professor of Clinical Orthopaedic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College Associate Attending Orthopedic Surgeon Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

Eric W Edmonds, MD

Director of Orthopedic Research Co-Director, 360 Sports Medicine Pediatric Orthopedic & Scoliosis Center Rady Children’s Hospital

Assistant Clinical Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California San Diego San Diego, California

Peter D Fabricant, MD, MPH

Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Fellow Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Donald E Fowler III, MD

Orthopaedic Surgeon

Austel, Georgia

Theodore J Ganley, MD

Director of Sports Medicine The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Itai Gans, MD

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland

Matthew R Garner, MD

Resident

Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

Elizabeth B Gausden, MD

Resident, Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

Christine M Goodbody, MD

Benjamin Fox Research Fellow Department of Orthopaedics

The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Brian Grawe, MD

Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

Jessica Graziano, PT, DPT, CSCS

Sports Rehabilitation and Performance Center Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

Daniel W Green, MD, MS, FAAP, FACS

Attending Orthopedic Surgeon Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Service Hospital for Special Surgery Professor of Clinical Orthopaedic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College New York, New York

Jo A Hannafin, MD, PhD

Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College Orthopedic Director

Women’s Sports Medicine Center Hospital for Special Surgery Director of Orthopedic Research Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

Jonathan D Haskel, BS

Clinical Instructor

Attending Orthopedic Surgeon Division of Sports Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery Boston Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts

Sarah Hobart, MD

University Orthopaedics, Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster Head and Senior Consultant Division of Paediatric Orthopaedics National University Health System Singapore

Carl W Imhauser, PhD

Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

Shari T Jawetz, MD

Assistant Attending Radiologist Hospital for Special Surgery Assistant Professor of Radiology Weill Cornell Medical College New York, New York

Kristofer J Jones, MD

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Division of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California

Mininder S Kocher, MD, MPH

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Harvard Medical School

Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

R Jay Lee, MD

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland

Scott J Luhmann, MD

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, Missouri

Alec A Macaulay, MD

Resident, Orthopaedic Surgery Harvard Orthopaedics Combined Residency Program Boston, Massachusetts

Nathan A Mall, MD

Orthopaedic Surgeon

St Louis Center for Cartilage Restoration and Repair St Louis, Missouri

Robert G Marx, MD, MSc, FRCSC

Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Public Health Weill Cornell Medical College Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

Stephanie W Mayer, MD

Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Children’s Hospital Colorado Aurora, Colorado

Moira M McCarthy, MD

Assistant Attending Orthopaedic Surgeon Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service Hospital for Special Surgery Instructor of Orthopaedic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College New York, New York

Amy L McIntosh, MD

Assistant Professor of Orthopedics College of Medicine

Rochester, Minnesota

Jordan D Metzl, MD

Primary Care Sports Medicine Service Hospital for Special Surgery Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Weill Cornell Medical College New York, New York

James F Mooney III, MD

Professor

Orthopaedic Surgery

Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina

Jacqueline Munch, MD

Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon

Jeffrey J Nepple, MD

Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Washington University in St Louis St Louis, Missouri

Benedict U Nwachukwu, MD, MBA Resident, Orthopaedic Surgery

Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery NewYork, New York

George A Paletta, Jr., MD

Orthopaedic Surgeon

The Orthopedic Center of St Louis Chesterfield, Missouri

Gregory Pinkowsky, MD

Chief Resident

Penn State College of Medicine Hershey, Pennsylvania

John D Polousky, MD

Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children Denver, Colorado

Hollis G Potter, MD

Department of Radiology and Imaging Hospital for Special Surgery The Coleman Chair in MRI Research Attending Radiologist

Hospital for Special Surgery Professor of Radiology

Weill Cornell Medical College Senior Scientist

Hospital for Special Surgery Director of Research

Department of Radiology and Imaging Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

Ryan C Rauck, BS

Brant Sachleben, MD

Assistant Professor

Arkansas Children’s Hospital Little Rock, Arkansas

Gerd Seitlinger, MD

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital Oberndorf Oberndorf, Austria

Parina H Shah, MS

Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York

Yong-Woon Shin, MD, PhD

Department of Orthopedic Surgery Sanggye Paik Hospital

Seoul, Korea

Beth Shubin Stein, MD

Associate Attending Orthopedic Surgeon Hospital for Special Surgery Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College New York, New York

Aisling M Toolan, PT, DPT, SCS, CSCS

Physical Therapist

Chief, Division of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery Attending Orthopedic Surgeon Hospital for Special Surgery Professor of Clinical Orthopaedic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College New York, New York

Keng Lin Wong, MRCS(Ed) Resident (Clinician Scientist Track) Department

of Orthopaedic Surgery University Orthopaedics, Hand and

Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster National University Health SystemSingapore

Adam B Yanke, MD

Sports Medicine Fellow

Sports Medicine Division

Rush University Medical Center Chicago, Illinois

Injury to the pediatric and adolescent athlete has increasingly become an issuefor the orthopedic surgeon and physical therapist These young athletes present aseries of issues that require a different approach from our adult patients Thisbook is beautifully organized by Dr Dan Green and Dr Frank Cordasco andbrings to the forefront how to manage these patients throughout their years ofgrowth

Specifically, injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the varioustechniques in treating this condition in young patients is well demonstrated.Patella instability and its many options are covered in detail Epiphyseal injuryand adolescent fractures about the knee are highlighted

The authors have organized a detailed approach to the pediatric and adolescentknee that surgeons and therapists will find enlightening and enable them to

provide comprehensive care to this group of patients that are increasingly seen inour orthopedic offices

Russell F Warren, MD

We were inspired to write this textbook by the increasing number of knee

injuries in young athletes that we encounter daily in our practices We believethat this textbook written with the support of international experts is an

imperative and timely guide to the treatment of pediatric and adolescent kneeinjuries

The higher volume of knee injuries in the young athlete is multifactorial andincludes, but is not limited to, increased participation in sports, higher levels ofcompetition within youth sports, increased sports specialization, and societalfactors Historically, children and adolescents with anterior cruciate ligamenttears or patellofemoral instability episodes as well as other knee injuries wereoften treated with benign neglect With advances in the understanding of kneeanatomy, pathomechanics, and the natural history of nonoperative treatment, ourtherapeutic guidelines have become more focused and specific Much of thisdepends on the individual athlete, his or her skeletal age, his or her sport, and theparticular injury pattern

This textbook includes 41 chapters divided into several sections with a

comprehensive approach to each of the pathologic entities written by experts intheir respective areas Section 1 is composed of 13 chapters focusing on theanterior cruciate ligament These chapters concentrate on the epidemiology,biomechanics, gender, nonoperative treatments, and a menu of five specificoperative techniques followed by guidelines that offer a decision tree for

selecting proper treatment as predicated by skeletal age This section concludeswith the rehabilitation, movement analysis, return to play, and prevention

components necessary to complete the management of these injured athletes.Section 2 includes 6 chapters that concentrate on patellofemoral instability with

chapter on rehabilitation of these athletes Section 3 centers on osteochondritisdissecans, with 7 chapters including an overview as well as multiple surgicaltechniques and ending with a chapter discussing the frontiers of cartilage

restoration Section 4 is directed toward discoid meniscus, with 3 chapters

including an overview, treatment options, and meniscal transplantation Section

5 includes 5 chapters that review the management of fractures of the tibia, femur,and patella The textbook finishes with 6 chapters that discuss the physis, whichincludes imaging, anatomy, assessment of growth, the treatment of growth arrest,the applications of implant-mediated growth, and Osgood-Schlatter Disease.Our aim is that this textbook serves as an invaluable resource to all those

providers of care for our pediatric and adolescent athletes and patients includingpediatric orthopedic surgeons, orthopedic sports medicine surgeons, primary caresports medicine specialists, pediatricians, fellows and residents in training,

physician assistants, nurse practitioners, physical therapists, and athletic trainers

We could not have produced this work without the countless hours and

contributions from the many knowledgeable colleagues who have supported thiseffort We hope this resource will improve the understanding, diagnosis, andtreatment of these young patients, as the function and lifespan of their kneesdepend on appropriate management

Introduction

Epidemiology of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and ReconstructionRisk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Epidemiology of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Cost and PreventionAnterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Research: Population Reporting ofYouth Injury

3 Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics

CARL W IMHAUSER

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Programs for FemalesGraft Choice

ELIZABETH B GAUSDEN, DANIEL W GREEN, AND FRANK A.CORDASCO

Postoperative Phase 2 (Weeks 4 to 8): Intermediate Protection PhasePhase 3: Functional Strengthening and Corrective Movement (8 to 16Weeks)

Reconstruction: Weeks 11 to 18+; Tibial Tubercle Transfer: Weeks 13

to 24+)

Phase IV: Advanced Strengthening and Function (Medial PatellofemoralLigament Reconstruction: Weeks 19 to 24; Tibial Tubercle Transfer:Time Frame Is Approximately 8 Weeks)

Phase V: Return to Play (Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction:Weeks 25 to 30+; Tibial Tubercle Transfer: At 36 to 52 Weeks)