Objectives: To describe the diet pattern and physical activities among diabetes type 2 patients treated at Agriculture General Hospital. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study with convenient sampling method was conducted on 602 patients.
Trang 1DIET PATTERN AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG TYPE 2
DIABETES PATIENTS BEFORE INTERVENTION
Tong Le Van*; Hoang Hai **
SUMMARY
Objectives: To describe the diet pattern and physical activities among diabetes type 2 patients treated at Agriculture General Hospital Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study with convenient sampling method was conducted on 602 patients Results: Most of the participants reported that they had 3 meals per day (94.5%) and no snacks (80.2%) The most common diet was more vegetables pattern (85.9%), followed by normal diet (59.9%) and the least common was fatty diet, sweet preference and vegetarian diet Most of the patients reported that they used fatty foods as vegetable oil/seed oil (96.8%), starchy foods as rice, pasta, noodle (94.9%) and high protein foods as beans and products from bean (75.7%) Most
of the patients had 1 bowl of vegetable each meal (72.6%) and no soft drink (99.3%) In terms of physical activities, 96.3% of patients reported walking, tai chi; only 3.7% did not do exercise due
to lack of time or having disease such as heart disease, paralysis, footsore On average, patients spent 42.2 minutes per day for exercise while sedentary time was 128.1 minutes per day Conclusion: Practice of diet and physical activities among type 2 diabetes patients at Agriculture General Hospital before intervention were quite good; however, it is necessary to split meals in order to control blood glucose better
* Keywords: Type 2 diabetes; Diet; Physical activity
INTRODUCTION
Type 2 diabetes is a global health
problem, posing a major challenge to health
management in the 21th century [3]
Diabetes patients are 2 - 5 times more
likely to develop cardiovascular disease
and 2 - 5 times dying from complications
than healthy people Diabetes is one of
important causes of adult blind, non-injury
amputation and advanced kidney disease
that leading to kidney transplant and
dialysis [4] There were around 53,458
deaths from diabetes in Vietnam in 2015
Medical expense for each patient was
approximately 162.7 US dollar that exceeded
the average monthly salary in Vietnam (150 US dollar) [3] These are reasons why it is vital to study about diabetes, especially diet and physical activity among diabetes patients We conducted
the study that aimed: To describe diet and physical activity among type 2 diabetes patients at Agriculture General Hospital
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
1 Subjects
Type 2 diabetes patients who were diagnosed, being treated at the Agriculture General Hospital, joining in Diabetes Club agreed to participate to the study
* Agriculture General Hospital
** Vietnam Military Medical University
Corresponding author: Tong Van Le (vanbvnn@yahoo.com)
Date received: 04/06/2017 Date accepted: 17/08/2017
Trang 22 Method
A cross-sectional study
* Sample size and sampling:
A convenient sampling during 2 months
(October – December, 2016) selected 602
patients who participated in this study
* Data analysis:
Data were collected, cleaned and entered
by Epidata 3.1 software Stata 12.0 software
was used to analyze the data
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1 General information of participants
Of 602 diabetes patients, 302 were
male (50.2%) and 300 were female (48.9%)
The percentage of gender between male
and female was quite equally By age
groups, patients who were 60 to 69 years
old accounted for highest rate (49.3%),
followed by those over 70 years old
(25.3%), 50 - 59 years old (20.1%), 40 -
49 years old (4.7%), and 30 - 39 years old with the lowest rate (0.7%) 100% of patients were Kinh ethnic Most of the patients were retired (60.1%) while 30.1% were farmers and 0.5% unemployment A major part of patients have completed secondary school (28.9%), high school (25.4%) and college (24.4%) Almost of patients were married (99.2%) The risk of type 2 diabetes increases proportionally
to age; thus, older patients accounted for
a major part of participants The results were consistent with Aleqre-Diaz’s study that conducted among 159,755 Mexicans and showed the incidence of diabetes remarkably increase related to age groups The diabetes incidence among
35 - 39 years old people was 3% while that among people over 60 years old was over 20% [5] Participants were old people, so most of them had retired (60.1%)
2 Diet pattern of participants
Table 1: Diet of participants
Number of meals per
Number of snacks
consumption
Diet type
Trang 3Most of the participants had 3 meals
per day (94.5%) and no snacks (80.2%)
There were 70.1% of patients consuming
enough food; 22.3% little and 7.6% full
meals More vegetable diet was the most
common (85.9%), followed by normal diet
(59.9%), while fatty diet, sweet preference
and vegetarian were the least ones Most
of the patients had 1 bowl of vegetable
each meal (72.6%) and no soft drink
(99.3%) It is showed that diet patterns of
diabetes patients were quite good
Possible reason might be that patients
lived in Hanoi where they got high level of
education Moreover, major part of
participants was retired that means they
were educated and had jobs before so they might have better diet practice The findings were consistent with ones from Bui Thi Khanh Thuan’s study at People’s Hospital 115 Hochiminh City: most of the participants consumed more vegetables (90%), 94% no soft drink and only 4% had more than 3 meals per day [1] However, while our study showed that 96.8% of patients used vegetable oil/seed oil, Bui Thi Khanh Thuan’s study showed only 69% [1] The reason might be that Thuan’s study conducted in 2009 when socioeconomic status was quite low and patients could not afford vegetable oil instead of animal fat
Table 2: Diet characteristics of the study participants
Consuming
fatty foods
Consuming
starchy foods
Consuming
high protein
foods
Number of
vegetables
Consuming
Most of the patients reported using fatty foods as vegetable oil/seed oil (96.8%), starchy foods as rice, pasta, noodle (94.9%) and high protein foods as beans and products from bean (75.7%) Most of the patients had 1 bowl of vegetable each meal (72.6%) and no soft drink (99.3%)
Trang 43 Physical activity of participants
80.7%
37.5%
12.3%
7.8%
0.2% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
sports
Figure 1: Distribution of the types of physical exercise in the study population
The most common exercise was walking (80.7%), followed by tai chi (37.5%) while the least common was play sports (0.2%)
Table 3: Doing exercise and sedentary time
Watching TV, seating in front of computer per
On average, patients spent 42.2
minutes per day for exercise while
sedentary time such as watching TV or
seating in front of computer was 128.1
minutes per day In this study, 96.3% of
patients reported having walking, tai chi;
only 3.7% did not do exercise due to
lack of time or having disease such as
heart disease, paralysis, footsore On
average, patients spent 42.2 minutes
per day for doing exercise The result
was higher than that in Thuan’s study
with only 72% of patients did exercise and 39% spent more than 30 minutes per day [1] The study conducted in Hanoi by Hoang Minh Hien in 2015 also noted that only 32.3% of prediabetes people had the level of physical activity
as WHO recommended [2] The reason might be the difference of target population, precisely prediabetes people were less concerned about physical activity compared to diabetes patients, leading to less physical activity
Trang 5CONCLUSION
The practive of diet and physical
activities among type 2 diabetes patients
at Agriculture General Hospital before
intervention were quite good: More
vegetables consuming were diet and
walking exercise were the most common
However, it is necessary to split meals in
order to better control blood glucose
REFERENCES
1 Bui Thi Khanh Thuan Knowledge,
attitute and behaviors of diet and physical
activity among type 2 diabetes patients
Retrieved from http://123doc.org/document/
3187061-kien-thuc-thai-do-hanh-vi-ve-che-do-an-va-tap-luyen-o-nguoi-benh-dai-thao-duong-
type-2.htm (in Vietnamese) 2009
2 Hoang Minh Hien, Nguyen Ngoc Tam
Physical activity level of pre-diabetes people
in Hanoi in 2015 Journal of Preventive
Medicine (in Vietnamese) 2016
3 International Diabetes Federation
Diabetes atlas seventh edition IDF diabetes atlas - Home Retrieved December 2015, 24, from http://www.diabetesatlas.org
4 Tracey M.L, Gilmartin M, O’Neill K, Fitzgerald A.P, McHugh S.M Buckley C.M, Kearney P.M Epidemiology of diabetes and
complications among adults in the Republic of Ireland 1998 - 2015: a systematic review and meta-analysis BMC Public Health 2016
5 Alegre Díaz J, Herrington W, López-Cervantes M, Gnatiuc L, Ramirez R, Hill M, Emberson J.R Diabetes and cause-specific
mortality in Mexico city The New England Journal of Medicine 2016