5 steps to a 5 AP world history

Contents Preface / ixAcknowledgments / xiCredits / xiii PART I HOW TO USE THIS BOOK / 1 Strategies / 3Introduction to the Five-Step Program / 3Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Wo

Trang 2

5 Steps to a 5

AP World History

Trang 3

This page intentionally left blank.

Trang 4

5 Steps to a 5

Peggy J Martin

MCGRAW-HILL

New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City

Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto

Trang 5

Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher

The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-143714-2

All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-4069

THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will

be uninterrupted or error free Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting there from McGraw- Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise

DOI: 10.1036/0071465235

0-07-146523-5

Trang 6

Want to learn more?

We hope you enjoy this McGraw-Hill eBook! If you’d like more information about this book, its author, or related books and websites, please click here.

Trang 7

Contents

Preface / ixAcknowledgments / xiCredits / xiii

PART I HOW TO USE THIS BOOK / 1

Strategies / 3Introduction to the Five-Step Program / 3Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP World History Exam / 4Calendars for Preparing for Each of the Plans / 6

Graphics Used in This Book / 10

PART II AN INTRODUCTION TO THE

AP WORLD HISTORY EXAMINATION / 13

Background Information / 15Reasons for Taking the Advanced Placement Examination / 16What You Need to Know About the AP World History Examination / 16World History Diagnostic Test Section I / 21

Answers and Explanations / 31Section II/Document-Based Question (DBQ) / 39Change-over-Time Question / 43

Comparative Question / 44Comments on Possible Solutions to the Free Response Questions / 45

PART III REVIEW OF WORLD HISTORY / 49

Unit I Foundations (8000 B.C.E.–600 C.E.) / 51

Chapter 1 The World History Environment and

Periodization / 51 Chapter 2 Development of Agriculture and Technology / 59 Chapter 3 Structure of Early Civilizations / 64

Chapter 4 Rise of Classical Civilizations / 71

v

For more information about this title, click here

Trang 8

Chapter 5 Origins of World Belief Systems / 83

Chapter 6 Interactions in the Late Classical Period / 91

Unit 1 Summary: Foundations (8000 B.C.E.–

600 C.E.) / 98

Timeline / 98Key Comparisons / 99Change/Continuity Chart / 99

Unit 2 Period Two (600–1450) / 102

Chapter 7 The Rise and Spread of Islam / 102

Chapter 8 The Expansion of China / 113

Chapter 9 Changes in European Institutions / 122

Chapter 10 Interregional Trade and Exchange / 130

Chapter 11 Empires in the Americas / 141

Unit 2 Summary: Period Two (600–1450) / 148

Unit 3 Period Three (1450–1750) / 151

Chapter 12 Empires and Other Political Systems / 151

Chapter 13 Hemispheric Exchange / 164

Chapter 14 Systems of Slavery / 170

Chapter 15 Cultural and Intellectual Changes / 175

Unit 3 Summary: Period Three (1450–1750) / 181

Trang 9

Unit 4 Period Four (1750–1914) / 183

Chapter 16 The Industrial Revolution and Social Changes / 183 Chapter 17 Demographic and Environmental Developments / 190 Chapter 18 World Trade / 195

Chapter 19 Political Revolutions / 201

Chapter 20 Western Imperialism / 211

Unit 4 Summary: Period Four (1750–1914) / 219

Unit 5 Period Five (1914–Present) / 222

Chapter 21 World Wars and Depression / 222

Chapter 22 The Cold War and the Postwar Balance of Power / 231 Chapter 23 End of the Cold War and Nationalist Movements / 241 Chapter 24 Global Trade / 245

Chapter 25 Technological Developments / 250

Chapter 26 Social Changes / 254

Chapter 27 Demographic and Environmental Developments / 260

Unit 5 Summary: Period Five (1914–Present) / 266

PART IV TEST STRATEGIES / 269

Contents • vii

Trang 10

Chapter 1 The Multiple-Choice Question / 271 Chapter 2 The Document-Based Question / 273 Chapter 3 The Change-over-Time Question / 276 Chapter 4 The Comparative Question / 278

PART V PRACTICE TESTS / 281

Practice Test One / 285

Answers and Explanations / 296

Practice Test Two / 317

Answers and Explanations / 327

APPENDIXES / 347 Appendix 1: Glossary of Terms / 349 Appendix 2: Bibliography / 357

Appendix 3: Web sites / 359 About the Author / 361

Trang 11

Welcome to the adventure of Advanced Placement (AP) World History!Enjoy the challenges of your studies During the course of the year, youshould be prepared to read widely in both your text and readers Expect

to analyze all sorts of primary documents, from texts to political cartoons,photographs, paintings, maps, and charts; analytical skills are essential tosuccess on both the multiple-choice questions and the document-basedquestion You will write essay after essay as you not only analyze primarydocuments but also compare issues and describe changes over periods oftime Along the way, enjoy the fascinating story of humankind and find alittle of yourself among the peoples of other societies

This study guide will ease your passage through the challenges of APWorld History to success on the AP examination The world history reviewchapters contain not only summaries of key events and concepts but alsovocabulary lists and review questions They are organized according to thetime periods in the AP World History course

Each unit is followed by a list of key comparisons and a change/continuity chart The chart will show you at a glance key events and issues

in the major world regions It also will refresh your memory of changesand continuities within each region during the time period covered bythe unit

The world history review chapters are followed by a discussion ofstrategies for success on the multiple-choice section and the essays you will

be required to write on the exam Included are some commonly askedquestions as well as advice taken from my experience as a reader of the

AP World History exam The test strategies section is followed by twofull-length practice exams modeled after the actual examination Each test

is followed by a discussion of the answers The Appendix contains notonly a Glossary of Terms but also additional books and Web sites thatwill be of help in preparing for the exam

The first two chapters provide some background information onpreparing for the AP examination Included is a chart to help you paceyour study throughout the year At first sight, the amount of material inthe AP World History course can appear a bit overwhelming The goal ofthis manual is to present the content material and test-taking skills so thatyou can approach the AP exam with confidence As a first step, turn now

to Parts I and II to get an overview of the manual and the AP WorldHistory exam I wish you success at achieving a 5 on the AP examination,and, in the meantime, I hope you enjoy your journey!

ix

Trang 13

I would like to thank my husband, Gary, and our children Sarah, Keren,Abigail, and Jonathan and their families for their loving encouragementthroughout the course of this project Also, I would like to express myappreciation to my editor, Donald Reis, for his guidance during the prepa-ration of the manuscript

Special thanks go to the following family members for their tributions:

con-Carmen Rebekah Ramos Crescent and star drawing

Keren M Martin Panama Canal photograph

Altar photographWilly and Irmgard Marick Translation of “The German Fatherland”

xi

Trang 15

Paresh Nath, http://www.internationalcartoons.com China 2008

West Asia Road MapAIDS Cartoon

xiii

Trang 17

5 Steps to a 5

McGRAW-HILL

Trang 19

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

PART I

Trang 21

How to Use This Book • 3

In this section of the guide you will find three possible plans of study withstrategies to assist you as you prepare for the examination

Strategies:

• Look at plans A, B, and C to see which plan will best suit your ticular learning style and time line

par-• Choose a plan and stick with it

• Find a study pal, or form a small study group, and set a time whenyou can get together to review

• For the document-based, comparative, and change-over-time essays,have another student read and critique your essays

• Try the strategies provided Take the time not only to check whether

or not your answers are correct but also to read the explanation forthe correct answer By doing this, you will review a broad body ofconcepts in a shorter period of time

INTRODUCTION TO THE FIVE-STEP PROGRAM

The Five-Step Program is a powerful tool designed to provide you withthe best-possible skills, strategies, and practice to help lead you to theperfect 5 on the AP World History examination Each of these five stepsprovides you with the opportunity to get closer and closer to the 5, whichevery AP student strives to achieve

STEP ONE leads you through a brief process to help determine which

type of exam preparation is most comfortable for you:

1 Month-by-month: September through May

2 The calendar year: January through May

3 Basic training: the 4–6 weeks before the exam

STEP TWO helps develop the knowledge you need to do well on the

exam:

1 A comprehensive review of the exam

2 A thorough review of the type of questions asked on the exam

3 Explanation of multiple-choice answers

4 A comprehensive review of the three types of essays asked for on

the exam

5 A review of the major periods and themes of world history

6 A glossary of important terms in world history

1

2

Trang 22

STEP THREE helps develop the skills necessary to take the exam and

do well:

1 Practice activities in multiple-choice questions

2 Practice document-based essay questions

3 Practice change-over-time questions

4 Practice comparative questions

STEP FOUR helps you develop strategies for taking the exam:

1 Learning about the test itself

2 Learning to read multiple-choice questions

3 Learning how to answer multiple-choice questions, and the value of

guessing

4 Learning what to look for in the essay question

5 Learning how to plan the essay

STEP FIVE helps you develop the confidence in using the skills

demanded on the AP World History exam:

1 The opportunity to evaluate yourself with many practice questions

2 Time management techniques and skills

3 Three practice exams that test how well-honed your skills are

4 The opportunity to show you that you know more than you think you

do about world history

THREE APPROACHES TO PREPARING FOR THE

AP WORLD HISTORY EXAM

You are the only person who knows which schedule is right for you Ifyou were to ask me, I would strongly suggest using Approach A, but Iknow that not everyone can or will This manual is designed to help you,

no matter which of the schedules you decide to adopt

You are a full-year prep student (Approach A) if

1 You have a definite love of world history.

2 You are certain that history will be your major in college.

3 You are not a procrastinator; you like to get things done.

4 You like detailed planning and everything in its place.

5 You feel you must be thoroughly prepared.

6 You have been successful with this approach in the past.

3

4

5

1

Trang 23

You are a one-semester prep student (Approach B) if

1 You are pretty interested in world history.

2 You usually plan ahead but sometimes skip some of the little details.

3 You feel more comfortable when you know what to expect, but a

surprise or two does not floor you

4 You are always on time for appointments.

You are a 4- to 6-week prep student (Approach C) if

1 World history is somewhat interesting to you.

2 You work best under pressure and close deadlines.

3 You think the work you have done in your world history class has

prepared you fairly well for the AP test

4 You decided late in the year to take the exam.

5 You like surprises.

“To review for the World History AP test, I went over the major cepts and periods in my notes I also found it helpful to read outside world history books and sources Also, practice, practice, practice on multiple choice world history questions, because they are half the AP test As far as the AP essay section, DBQ practice all year was great preparation.”—AP student

Trang 24

con-Read additional sources to supplement the material in yourtextbook Consult the bibliography

of this manual for suggested titles

Study the world history review sections for material you are currently covering in class

February–March

Read Chapter 4 of Part IV of thismanual on the comparative essay

Write the comparative essay fromthe Diagnostic Test

Read Chapter 2 of Part IV of themanual on the document-basedessay

Write the DBQ (document- based essay) from the DiagnosticTest

Continue reviewing content fromthe world history review

September–October (Check off the activities

as you complete them.)

Determine into which student mode

you would place yourself

Read Parts I and II of this manual

Take a look at the Diagnostic Test

in Part II to get an idea of the

expectations of the AP exam

Become acquainted with the

College Board AP Web site

Read and study the Period I:

Foundations section of this manual

Begin to do outside reading on

world history topics

Begin to use this book as a

resource

November

Read Chapter 3 of Part IV on

strategies for the

change-over-time essay

Take the change-over-time section

of the Diagnostic Test

Read and study the world history

review sections that correspond

with the period(s) you are studying

in class

December

Study the world history review

sections in the manual for the areas

you have already studied in class

Note the connections of trade,

exchange, and migration among

world societies

CALENDARS FOR PREPARING FOR EACH OF THE PLANS

Calendar for Approach A:

Year-long Preparation for the AP World

History Examination

Trang 25

May—First Two Weeks (You’re almost

Evaluate your performance

On the day before the test, putaway your books, do somethingfun, and get a good night’s rest.Walk into the examination roomwith confidence You’re ready!

How to Use This Book • 7 April

Take Practice Test 1 in the first

Study the Unit Summary for each

unit in this manual to review key

comparisons and changes and

continuities

Within your study group, construct

your own comparative and

change-over-time charts for each unit

“Get more in-depth with your readings If you can spark a stronger interest in the subject,

it is much less difficult to retain the information.”—AP student

Trang 26

Study appropriate chapters to correct weaknesses.

Review the summary after each unit in this manual to review keycomparisons and changes and continuities

In your study group, create yourown comparative and change-over-time charts

May—First Two Weeks (You’re almost

there!)

Ask your teacher to clarify things inyour textbook or in this manual ofwhich you are unsure

Review the historical material for

as much of the year as you can.Take Practice Exam 2

Score your answers and analyzewhat you did wrong

On the day before the test, putaway the books, do something fun,and get a good night’s rest

Walk into the testing room withconfidence; you’re ready!

January–February

Carefully read Parts I and II of this

manual

Take the Diagnostic Test

Read and study the world history

review sections that pertain to

material that you have covered in

class

Read at least one source outside of

class on a topic you are studying

March

Review the world history content

sections that cover the material you

have studied in class

Form a study group

In your study group, practice

writing and answering comparative

and change-over-time questions

Calendar for Approach B:

Semester-long Preparation for the AP World

“Commitment and discipline in studying are the most important factors in preparing well for the test.”—AP student

Trang 27

Complete Practice Exam 2

Score your exam and analyze yourerrors

Review the world history reviewsection of this manual

Review Parts I and II on the format

of the test if necessary

On the day before the test, putaway the books, do something fun,and get a good night’s rest

Take the AP exam with confidence

April

Read Parts I and II of this manual

Take the Diagnostic Test

Review your strengths and

weaknesses

Read the world history review

chapters in this manual

Take Practice Exam 1

Score your exam and analyze your

errors

Develop a weekly study group

Skim the glossary

Calendar for Approach C:

4- to 6-Week Preparation for the AP World

Trang 28

GRAPHICS USED IN THIS BOOK

To emphasize particular skills, strategies, and practice, we use seven sets

of icons in this book

The first icon is an hourglass, which indicates the passage of time ing the school year This hourglass will appear in the margin next to anitem that may be of interest to one of the three types of students who areusing this book (mode A, B, or C students)

dur-For the student who plans to prepare for the AP World History examduring the entire school year, beginning in September through May, weuse an hourglass that is full on the top

For the student who decides to begin preparing for the exam inJanuary of the calendar year, we use an hourglass that is half full on thetop and half full on the bottom

For the student who wishes to prepare during the final 6 weeks beforethe exam, we use an hourglass that is almost empty on the top and almostfull on the bottom

The second icon is a footprint, which indicates which step in the step program is being emphasized in a given analysis, technique, or prac-tice activity

five-Plan Knowledge Skills Strategies Confidence Building

The third icon is a clock, which indicates a timed practice activity

or a time management strategy It will indicate on the face of the dialhow much time to allow for a given exercise The full dial will remindyou that this is a strategy that can help you learn to manage your time

on the test

The fourth icon is an exclamation point, which will point to a veryimportant idea, concept, or strategy point that you should not pass over

Trang 29

The fifth icon is a checkmark, which will alert you to pay close tion This activity will be most helpful if you go back and check your ownwork, your calendar, or your progress.

atten-The sixth icon is a lightbulb, which indicates strategies that you maywant to try

The seventh icon is the sun, which indicates a tip that you might finduseful

Trang 33

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

What is the Advanced Placement Program?

The Advanced Placement program was begun by the College Board in

1955 to construct standard achievement exams that would allow highlymotivated high school students the opportunity to be awarded advancedplacement as freshmen in colleges and universities in the United States.Today, there are 34 courses and exams with well over a million studentstaking the annual exams in May

There are numerous AP courses in the social studies besides WorldHistory, including United States History, European History, Government,Economics, and Psychology The majority of students who take AP testsare juniors and seniors; however, some schools offer AP courses to fresh-men and sophomores, especially in World History

Who Writes the AP World History Exam?

Who Corrects the Exams?

Like all AP exams, the World History exam is written by college and highschool instructors of world history This group is called the AP WorldHistory Test Development Committee It constantly evaluates the test,analyzing the test as a whole and on an item-by-item basis All questions

on the World History exam are field-tested before they actually appear

on an AP exam

A much larger group of college and secondary teachers meets at a tral location in early June to correct the exams that were completed bystudents the previous month The scoring procedure of each grader (or

cen-“reader”) during this procedure is carefully analyzed to ensure thatexams are being evaluated on a fair and consistent basis

How are Exams Graded?

Sometime in July the grade you receive on your AP exam is reported.You, your high school, and the colleges you listed on your initial appli-cation will receive scores

There are five possible scores that you may receive on your exams:

• 5 indicates that you are extremely well qualified This is the highestpossible grade

• 4 indicates that you are well qualified

• 3 indicates that you are qualified

• 2 indicates that you are possibly qualified

• 1 indicates that you are not qualified to receive college credit

An Introduction to the AP World History Examination • 15

2

Trang 34

REASONS FOR TAKING THE ADVANCED

PLACEMENT EXAMINATION

There are several very practical reasons for enrolling in an AP WorldHistory course and taking the AP World History exam in May In the firstplace, during the application process colleges look very favorably on stu-dents who have challenged themselves by taking Advanced Placementcourses Although few would recommend this, it is possible to take any

AP exam without taking a preparatory course for that exam

Most important, most colleges will reward you for doing well on your

AP exams Although the goal of this manual is to help you achieve a 5,

if you get a 3 or better on your AP World History exam, many collegeswill either give you actual credit for a required introductory world his-tory course or allow you to receive elective credit You should definitelycheck beforehand with the colleges you are interested in to find out theirpolicy on AP scores and credit They will vary

Taking a year of AP World History (or any AP) course will be a veryexacting and challenging experience If you have the capabilities, allowyourself to be challenged! Many students feel a great personal satisfac-tion after completing an AP course, regardless of the score they eventu-ally receive on the actual exam

“The higher order thinking skills that characterize the AP World History course provide an excellent preparation for college and uni- versity studies.”—College professor

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE AP WORLD

HISTORY EXAMINATION

The AP World History exam consists of both multiple-choice and essayquestions The multiple-choice portion is worth 50 percent of the totalexam grade, whereas the three essays together count equally for the other

50 percent On the multiple-choice section, you will be penalized onefourth of a point for each incorrect answer

The Multiple-Choice Questions

This section consists of 70 questions Each question has five possibleanswers You will have 55 minutes to complete this section

The College Board annually publishes material on the breakdown ofquestions on the multiple-choice test According to their most recentlypublished information, the multiple-choice section is broken down asfollows:

4

Trang 35

• 19–20 percent of the questions deal with the period from 8000 B.C.E

to 600 C.E

• 22 percent of the questions deal with the period from 600 C.E to 1450

• 19–20 percent of the questions deal with the period from 1450 to1750

• 19–20 percent of the questions deal with the period from 1750 to 1914

• 19–20 percent of the questions deal with the period from 1914 to thepresent

The information provided above is extremely valuable as you preparefor the multiple-choice section of the test As you study, you should obvi-ously concentrate your efforts on the period since 600 C.E

“For DBQs, group your information and then analyze all the details Find what will actually be useful for your essay Be clear, concise, and

to the point.”—AP student

The Essay Questions

During the remaining 2 hours and 10 minutes of the test you will beasked to write three essays: a document-based essay (DBQ), a change-over-time essay, and a comparative essay The essays will be based on thebroad themes that form the background of the AP World History course.According to the College Board description of the AP World Historycourse, these themes include:

• Interactions among major societies, such as war, trade, and internationaldiplomacy

• Change and continuity across the time periods covered by the course

• The influence of technology and demography (population studies)

on societies and the environment

• Social and gender history

• Cultural and intellectual developments

• Changes in political structures of states and in attitudes toward thosestructures

Also essential to success on the essays is the ability to visualize global terns and the reactions of societies to global processes The ability to inter-pret the context of a document as well as to analyze point of view and bias

pat-is necessary to compose a satpat-isfactory response to the document-basedquestion

For further information on the multiple-choice and essay questions,refer to Part IV of this manual

Trang 36

Taking the Exam

When you arrive at the exam site, you should have brought the following:

• Several pencils for the multiple-choice

• Several black or blue pens for the essays

• Don’t study the night before Arrive at the exam rested

• Wear comfortable clothing It’s a good idea to layer your clothing sothat you are prepared for a variety of temperatures in the exam room

• Eat a light breakfast and a light lunch on the day of the test

Trang 37

Trang 39

4 Which of the following lived after the

5 Which of the following describes

a difference between Arab expansion

of the seventh century and Vikingexpansion of the ninth century?

A Viking expansion required greatermaritime technology than Arabexpansion

B Arab expansion included WesternEurope, whereas Viking expansiondid not

C The Vikings expanded by militaryconquest, whereas the Arabs did not

D Arab expansion took place overlonger distances than Viking expansion

E Vikings attempted to change the culture of conquered peoples,whereas Arabs did not

6 In the period between 600 and 1450,

Indian Ocean trade differed from that

of the Pacific Ocean in that it

A was more regional in nature

B involved contacts with the islands

of Southeast Asia

1 Which of the following belief systems

were characterized by a belief in

prophets and were spread through

missionary effort?

A Christianity and Judaism

B Christianity and Islam

C Buddhism and Islam

D Buddhism and Daoism

E Buddhism and Christianity

2 Which of the following is true of

both the Han Empire and the

Gupta Empire?

A Both empires had long-established

traditions of dynastic rule

B Both were overrun by Germanic

tribes in their declining years

C Both empires were characterized by

religious unity

D Both saw a number of technological

advances

E Both chose administrators on the

basis of extensive examinations

3 The Buddhist social order included

A strict adherence to patriarchal

authority

B opposition to caste systems

C well-defined gender-role

distinctions

D emphasis on well-educated rulers

E veneration for one’s ancestors

WORLD HISTORY DIAGNOSTIC TEST

Section I

Time—55 minutes

70 questions

Directions: Each of the incomplete statements or questions below is followed by

five answer choices Choose the answer that is best and write the letter

of your choice on the answer sheet supplied

5

Trang 40

D the practice of sati was abolished.

E there were few role distinctionsbetween women of elite and peasantclasses globally

11 Traders spread both Christianity and

13 Which was true of the Mongol Empire?

A It was the largest maritime empire

14 Compared to European exploration in

the Indian Ocean, that of the Chinese

A used fewer and smaller ships

B covered shorter distances

C was designed to establish a militarypresence

D gained strength after the mid-1430s

E was an effort to spread Confucianism

C involved only spices

D involved competition among a more

diverse group of traders

E involved commerce across large

stretches of water

7 During the fourteenth century, Ibn

Battuta traveled to all the following

8 Which of the following was the most

urbanized during the period 1750

A were based on individual, rather

than group, loyalties

B involved a contractual relationship

similar to that of feudal Europe

C ended with the fall of the shogunate

in the fifteenth century

D provided an honorable alternative

to retreat or defeat

E promoted centralized government

in Japan

10 In the period between 600 and 1450,

A European women gained an

increasingly greater role in

Định dạng
Số trang	386
Dung lượng	1,88 MB