Predko, michael PICmicro microcontroller pocket reference mcgraw hill TAB electronics (2001)

PICmicro®MCU Part Number Feature to Part Number Table 3 Low-End Instruction Set 22 Mid-Range Instruction Set 31 PIC17Cxx Instruction Set 40 PIC18Cxx Instruction Set 63 Microchip Special

PICmicro ®

Microcontroller

Pocket Reference

PICmicro ® Microcontroller

Pocket Reference Myke Predko

All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners Rather than put a trademark symbolthe benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark Wheresuch designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps

McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-4069

pro-TERMS OF USE

This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc (“McGraw-Hill”) and its mitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work,works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or anycial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited Your right to use the workmay be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms

licen-THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NOPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUD-HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY,MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE McGraw-Hill and itsrequirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free Neither McGraw-Hill nor itscause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom McGraw-Hill has no responsibility forMcGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, conse-them has been advised of the possibility of such damages This limitation of liability shall apply

Chapter 1 Conventions Used in This Book 1

Chapter 2 PICmicro®MCU Part Number

Feature to Part Number Table 3

Low-End Instruction Set 22

Mid-Range Instruction Set 31

PIC17Cxx Instruction Set 40

PIC18Cxx Instruction Set 63

Microchip Special Instruction Mnemonics 104

Parallax PICmicro®MCU Instruction Set 111

v

Chapter 5 PICmicro®MCU Processor

The PICmicro®MCU’s Arithmetic Logic Unit 123

Low-End PICmicro®MCUs 125

Interrupt handler skeleton 150

Chapter 6 PICmicro®MCU Register Mappings 151 Low-End PICmicro®MCUs 151

Mid-Range PICmicro®MCUs 154

Chapter 7 Built-In Hardware Features 207 Configuration Registers 207

Built-In EEPROM Data Memory Access 263

EPROM Program Memory Access 269

Flash Program Memory Access 271

External Parallel Memory 273

Chapter 8 PICmicro®MCU

Parallel Bus Device Interfacing 282

Switch Matrix Keypad/Keyboard Interfacing 287

Combining Input and Output 291

Simulated “Open Collector’’/“Open Drain’’ I/O 292

Asynchronous Serial I/O Software Routines 347

Dallas Semiconductor One-Wire Interface 357

Reading Potentiometer Using Parallel I/O Pins 363

Sony Infrared TV Remote Control 374

Chapter 9 PICmicro®MCU Programming 379

Low-End PICmicro®MCU Programming 381

Mid-Range Serial Programming 385

PIC17Cxx ICSP Programming 398

Microchip ICSP Programming Connector 405

Third Party/Downloadable Programmers 406

Chapter 10 PC Interfaces 407

Interrupt Function by Number 422

Keyboard operation with timing diagrams 431

Keyboard controller commands 436

Time Delays 466

Negating the Contents of a Register 467

Incrementing/Decrementing “w’’ 468

Rotating a Byte in Place 469

Copy Bits from One Register to Another 470

Converting a Nybble to ASCII 470

Converting an ASCII Byte to a Hex Nybble 471

Using T0CKI as an Interrupt Source Pin 471

Sixteen-Bit Pulse Measurement with

Detect a Change in a Register 474

Test a Byte within a Range 474

Convert ASCII to Upper Case 475

Swap the Contents of “w’’ with a Register 475

Swap the Contents of Two Registers 475

Compare and Swap if Y  X 476

Counting the Number of “1’’s in a Byte 476

Generating Parity for a Byte 477

Keeping a Variable within a Range 477

Constant Multiplication 479

Defining 16 Bit Numbers 483

Increments and Decrements 484

Bitwise Operations on Constants and Variables 488

Comparisons with 16-Bit Variables 489

Chapter 13 PICmicro®MCU

I/O Pin Current Capabilities 500

RC Oscillator Component Values 500

LP Oscillator Operating Characteristics 501

XT Oscillator Operating Characteristics 502

HS Oscillator Operating Characteristics 504

Chapter 14 PICmicro®MCU Application

Chapter 15 PICmicro®MCU Application

Microsoft Compatible Editor “Ctrl’’ Key

Stimulus (.STI) files 525

MPLAB assembler directives 526

Standard Declaration and Include (“.inc’’) Files 536

Linking–Linked Applications 536

Application Code Template 539

Microsoft BASIC Enhancements 542

PICmicro®MCU enhancement functions 603

Chapter 16 Constants and Data Tables 605 Mathematical and Physical Constants 605

ASCII control characters 607

ANSI display control sequences 609

IBM PC extended ASCII characters 612

Windows ASCII characters 612

“Touch-Tone’’ Telephone Frequencies 616

Chapter 17 Miscellaneous Electronics 629

Electromagnetic Spectrum 630

Radar bands

PICList Internet List Server 648

Recommended PICmicro®MCU Web Sites 656

Conventions Used in

This Book

kHz Kilohertz (Thousands of Cycles per Second) MHz Megahertz (Millions of Cycles per Second) GHz Gigahertz (Billions of Cycles per Second)

mbps Millions of Bits per Second

AND and & Bitwise “AND”

_Label Negative Active Pin In some manufacturer’s

data sheets this is represented with a leading

“!” character or with a bar over the entire label

[parameter] The parameter is optional.

parameter |

parameter One or another parameter can be used.

Part Number Feature Comparison

Feature to Part Number Table

The following table lists the different PICmicro®MCU families with the features that are specific to them.

2

3

ADC/Internal Voltage Reference/On Chip Temperature Sensor.

PIC16C5x 18- to 28-Pin PICmicro®MCU 12-Bit (Low-End) Processor.

PIC16C505 14-Pin PICmicro®MCU 12-Bit (Low-End) Processor Internal Reset & Oscillator.

PIC16HV540 18-Pin PICmicro®MCU 12-Bit (Low-End) Processor Extended Vdd

Capabilities with Built-In Regulator.

PIC16C55x 18-Pin PICmicro®MCU 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor.

PIC16C6x 18- to 40-Pin PICmicro®MCU 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor Optional TMR1

& TMR2/Optional SPI/Optional USART/Optional PSP.

PIC16C62x 18-Pin PICmicro®MCU 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor Voltage Comparators

Built-In with Voltage Reference/Optional EEPROM Data Memory.

PIC16F62x 18-Pin PICmicro®MCU 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor Flash Program

Memory/Voltage Comparators Built-In with Voltage Reference/Internal Reset

& Oscillator.

PIC16C642 28-Pin PICmicro®MCU 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor Voltage Comparators

PIC16C77x 28- to 40-Pin PICmicro®MCU 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor 12-Bit

ADC/TMR1 & TMR2/USART/I2C/SPI/Optional PSP.

PIC16F8x 18-Pin PICmicro®MCU 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor Flash Data and Program

Memory.

PIC16F87x 28- to 40-Pin PICmicro®MCU 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor 10-Bit

ADC/TMR1 & TMR2/USART/I2C/SPI/Optional PSP.

PIC16C92x 64-Pin PICmicro®MCU 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor Optional 8-Bit

ADC/TMR1 & TMR2/LCD Controller.

PIC17C4x 40-Pin PICmicro®MCU 16-Bit (High-End) Processor USART/Multiply.

PIC17C5x 68-Pin PICmicro®MCU 16-Bit (High-End) Processor

16Cx2 28-Pin PICmicro®MCU 2K Program Memory SPI/TMR1 & TMR2.

16Cx3 28-Pin PICmicro®MCU 4K Program Memory USART/SPI/TMR1 & TMR2.

16Cx4 40-Pin PICmicro® MCU 4K Program Memory USART/SPI/PSP/TMR1 &

Device Pinouts

As a rule of thumb, Pin-Through-Hole (“PTH”) parts (“P” and “JW”) are standard 0.300  and 0.600 widths with pins 0.100" apart in dual in-line packages The height of the device is dependent on the package used Surface Mount Technology (“SMT”) parts are either in dual in- line packages (“SO”) or in quad plastic chip carriers (“PT”, “PQ”, and “L”).

For actual device dimensions, check the datasheets (on the CD-ROM or from the Microchip Web site) for the PICmicro® MCU that you are planning on using Dif- ferent packages for different PICmicro® MCUs have different via pad and clearance specifications.

3

7

Figure 3.3 “PIC16C54”/“PIC16C56” Pinout

Figure 3.5 “PIC12C67x” Pinout

Mid-Range

The mid-range devices have the widest range of pinouts

of any of the PICmicro®MCU families (Figs 3.5 – 3.10) For many of the devices, the pinout is similar, but the pin functions may be different In these cases, the pins marked with “*” show that these pins have other, op- tional purposes Actual part number functions can be confirmed with Microchip Datasheets.

The PIC14000, which is designed for “Mixed Signals” uses the 28-pin packaging of the standard devices, but the pinouts are different as shown in Fig 3.11.

The PIC16C92x LCD Driver microcontrollers are fairly high pin count devices Figure 3.12 shows the 64-pin

“DIP” (“Dual In-line Package”) part There is also a

“PLCC” and “TQFP” package for the parts as well.

Figure 3.7 Mid-Range PICmicro®MCU 28-Pin Device Pinout

Figure 3.6 Mid-Range 18-Pin PICmicro®MCU Pinout

Figure 3.8 Mid-Range PICmicro®MCU 40-Pin Device Pinout

Figure 3.10 Mid-Range PICmicro®MCU 44-Pin “QFP” Pinout

Figure 3.12 PIC16C92x 64-Pin Device Pinout

15Figure 3.13PIC17C4x 40-Pin Device Pinout

Figure 3.14PIC17C75x 64-Pin Device Pinout

Figure 3.15PIC17C4x 44-Pin “PLCC” Pinout

Figure 3.16 PIC17C4x 44-Pin “QFP” Pinout

Figure 3.18 PIC18C4X2 40-Pin Device Pinout

18 Chapter 3

Figure 3.20 PIC18C4X2 44-Pin “QFP’’ Pinout

Low-End Instruction Set

Register Banks are 32 bytes in size in the low-end vices This makes “Reg” in the range of 0x00 to 0x01F.

de-Op code Parameter Symbol letter Value range

Don’t Care N/A x

Byte Constant k k 0 to 0x0FF

Register Address Reg f PICmicro® MCU

ArchitectureSpecificDestination d d 0 or 1

Selection Bit Bit b 0 to 7

Destination Address a 0 to 0x07FF

Address

Destination Port Port p PORTA (5) to

PORTC(7)

Z (w & k) 0AND Register Contents with “w” and andwf Reg, d if (d 1) 0001 01df ffff

Optionally store result in “w” Reg Reg & w

else

w Reg & wendif

Z (Reg & w) 0Clear the Specified Bit bcf Reg, bit Reg Reg & 0100 bbbf ffff

(1 Bit))

Clear One Instruction Cycle if Skip not (1 Bit))) 0)

Executed, two if it is PC PC 1

endifSkip if the Specified Bit In the Register is btfsc Reg, bit if ((Reg & 0111 bbbf ffff

Set One Instruction Cycle if Skip not (1 Bit))

PC PC 1endifSave the Stack Pointer and jump to the call Address [SP] PC 1001 aaaa aaaa

Specified Address (two Instruction SP SP 1

& 0x0E0) 4)

AddressClear the Specified Register clrf Reg Reg 0 0000 011f ffff

Z 1Clear the “w” Register clrw w 0 0000 0100 0000

Z 1Clear the Watchdog Timer’s Counter clrwdt WDT 0 0000 0000 0100

_TO 1_PD 1

Decrement the Contents of the Register decf Reg, d if (d 1) 0011 11df ffff

and Optionally store the results in “w” Reg Reg 1

else

w Reg 1endif

Z (Reg 1) 0Decrement the Contents of the Register decfsz Reg, d if (d 1) 0010 11df ffff

and Optionally store the results in “w” Reg Reg 1

and Skip the next instruction else

if the results are equal to Zero w Reg 1

Two Instruction Cycles taken endif

if ((Reg 1) 0)

PC PC 1endifJump to the Specified Address (two goto Address PC  101a aaaa aaaa

Instruction cycles) ((STATUS & 0x0E0)

 

Z (Reg 1) 0Increment the Contents of the incfsz Reg, d if (d 1) 0011 11df ffff

Register and Optionally store the Reg Reg 1

results in “w” and Skip the next else

instruction if the results are equal to w Reg 1

Zero Two Instruction Cycles endif

taken if Skip Executed PC PC 1

if ((Reg 1) 0)

PC PC 1endif

OR Immediate with “w” iorlw k w w | k 1101 kkkk kkkk

Z (w | k) 0

OR Register Contents with “w” and iorwf Reg, d if (d 1) 0001 00df ffff

Optionally store result in “w” Reg Reg | w

else

w Reg | wendif

Z (Reg | w) 0

Store the value in “w” movwf Reg Reg w 0000 001f ffff

Move the contents of “w” into the option TRIS(Port) w 0000 0000 0010

OPTION Register

Resume Execution after Subroutine retlw k w k 1000 kkkk kkkk

and Place a constant value in SP SP 1

Resume Execution after Subroutine return w 0 1000 0000 0000

and Place Zero in “w” (Two Cycles SP SP 1

used) This is actually a “retlw 0” PC [SP]

instruction that MPLAB provides

and optionally Save the Result in “w” C (Reg 7) & 1

if (d 1)Reg (Reg 1)

Tempelse

w (Reg 1)

TempendifRotate the Register right through carry rrf Reg, d Temp C 0011 00df ffff

and optionally Save the Result in “w” C Reg & 1

if (d 1)Reg (Reg 1)

(Temp 7)else

w (Reg 1)

(Temp 7)endif

Go into “Standby” Mode (Indeterminate sleep _TO 1 0000 0000 0011



 (w ^ 0x0FF) 1)

0x0FF

Z ((Reg (w ^ 0x0FF) 1)

of a Register and Optionally store Reg 

4) ((Reg & 0x00F)

4)else

w ((Reg & 0x0F0)

4) ((Reg & 0x00F)

4)

Description Instruction Operation Op code

Move the contents of “w” into the tris Port TRIS(Port) w 0000 0000 0ppp

Tri-state control Register of the Port

XOR Immediate with “w” xorlw k w w ^ k 1111 kkkk kkkk

Z (w ^ k) 0XOR Register Contents with xorwf Reg, d if (d 1) 0001 10df ffff

“w” and Optionally store result in “w” Reg Reg ^ w

else

w Reg ^ wendif

Z (Reg ^ w) 0

Add Immediate to “w” addlw k w w k 11 111x kkkk kkkk

C (w k) 0x0FF

Z ((w k) & 0x0FF)

0

DC ((w & 0x0F) (k & 0x0F)) 0x0FAdd Register addwf Reg, d if (d 1) 00 0111 dfff ffff

store result in “w” w Reg w

AND Register andwf Reg, d if (d 1) 00 0101 dfff ffff

Contents with Reg Reg & w

store result in “w” w Reg & w

endif

Z (Reg & w) 0Clear the Specified bcf Reg, bit Reg Reg & 01 00bb bfff ffff

(1 Bit))

Set the Specified bcf Reg, bit Reg Reg | 01 01bb bfff ffff

Bit in the Register (1 Bit)

Skip if the Specified btfsc Reg, bit if ((Reg & 01 10bb bfff ffff

Register is Clear PC PC 1

One Instruction Cycle endif

if Skip not Executed,

Address (two PC ((PCLATH 8)

Instruction cycles) & 0x01800) 

AddressClear the Specified Register clrf Reg Reg 0 00 0001 1fff ffff

Z 1Clear the “w” Register clrw w 0 00 0001 0xxx xxxx

Z 1Clear the Watchdog clrwdt WDT 0 00 0000 0110 0100

_PD 1

Complement the Contents comf Reg, d if (d 1) 00 1001 dfff ffff

of the Specified Register Reg Reg ^ 0x0FF

the results in “w” w Reg ^ 0x0FF

endif

Z (Reg ^ 0x0FF)



Z (Reg 1) 0Decrement the Contents decfsz Reg, d if (d 1) 00 1011 dfff ffff

of the Register and Reg Reg 1

results in “w” and Skip w Reg 1

the next instruction if the endif

results are equal to Zero

Two Instruction Cycles if ((Reg 1) 0)

taken if skip executed PC PC 1

endifJump to the Specified goto Address PC  10 1aaa aaaa aaaa

Address (two Instruction ((PCLATH 8)

AddressIncrement the Contents incf Reg, d if (d 1) 00 1010 dfff ffff

of the Register and Reg Reg 1

endif

Z (Reg 1) 0

taken if Skip Executed PC PC 1

endif

OR Immediate with “w” iorlw k w w | k 11 1000 kkkk kkkk

Z (w | k) 0

OR Register Contents iorwf Reg, d if (d 1) 00 0100 dfff ffff

with “w” and Optionally Reg Reg | w

w Reg | wendif

Z (Reg | w) 0Check Register Contents movf Reg, d if (d 0) 00 1000 dfff ffff

Optionally store Register endif

Load “w” with an immediate movlw k w k 11 00xx kkkk kkkk

value

Store the value In “w” movwf Reg Reg w 00 0000 1fff ffff

Move the contents of option TRIS(Port) w 00 0000 0110 0010

“w” into the OPTION

Register Use of this instruction

is not recommended

Resume Execution after retfie GIE 1 00 0000 0000 1001

Interrupt (Two Cycles used) SP SP 1

PC [SP]

Resume Execution after retlw k w k 11 01xx kkkk kkkk

Subroutine and Place a SP SP 1

constant Value in “w” PC [SP]