IT training IBPSGuide new pattern english

Answer: c Explanation: Option c is the one which is not part of the coherent paragraph as we see that other options are talking about the disinvestment in rebooting in public sector in

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New Pattern English Practice Questions with Explanation

Odd One Out in Sentence of Paragraph Direction (1-10): Ten statements are given below, labelled a, b, c, d and e Among these, four statements are in logical order and form coherent paragraph From the given options, choose the option the does not fit into the theme of the paragraph

1) a) To gain some perspective on the Centre’s decision to divest 25% of its stake in five public sector general

insurers, consider these numbers

b) Last year, the gross premium income of four of these companies - New India Assurance, United India Insurance, Oriental Insurance and National Insurance - increased by over 12%

c) The companies whose stake would be offloaded, as per stock market watchdog Securities and Exchange Board

of India’s listing norms, are The New India Assurance Company, United India Insurance Company, Oriental

Insurance Company, National Insurance Company, and General Insurance Corporation of India

d) But their profits after tax fell by more than half from a year earlier, from Rs.3,094 crore in 2014-15 to just Rs.1,499 crore in 2015-16

e) A closer scrutiny reveals that high underwriting losses, which increased 55% in the year, were largely

responsible for profits falling at these firms even as revenues rose

Answer: c)

Explanation: Option c) is the one which is not part of the coherent paragraph as we see that other options are

talking about the disinvestment in rebooting in public sector insurers But option c) is defining the list of five insurance companies

2) a) The world has turned the page on 2016 with the worrying revelation that it was the warmest year on the

instrumental record since the late 19th century, and the hottest of three record-breaking years in a row

b) While the rise in global average surface temperature by about 1.1º C last year over the pre-industrial era was aggravated by the El Nino phenomenon of 2015-16, the trend is a warning to all countries that they cannot afford

to rely on carbon-intensive growth any longer

c) Explaining the scientific view, NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies points to the rise in temperature as being driven “largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.”

d) The global average temperature last year was 1.69°Fahrenheit (0.94°C) above the 20th century average, and 0.07°F (0.04°C) warmer than in 2015, the last record-setting year, according to NOAA A separate analysis by the U.S space agency NASA also found that 2016 was the hottest on record

e) The warming pattern must be seen in the context of declining sea ice cover in the Arctic, compounding the loss

of ice sheets in Greenland and the Antarctic

Answer: d)

Explanation: Option d) is the one which is not part of the coherent paragraph as we see that other options are

talking about the living in the place which is hotter in the world But option d) is defining the record of the hottest year 2016

3) a) Mr Obama said on Wednesday that he granted clemency to Ms Manning because she had gone to trial, taken

responsibility for her crime and received a sentence that was harsher than other leakers have received

b) Chelsea Manning, the American whistle-blower slapped with a 35-year sentence for leaking classified State Department documents to the anti-secrecy group WikiLeaks, has had her sentence commuted by the outgoing President, Barack Obama

c) Earlier known as Bradley, she has gender dysphoria, is undergoing hormone therapy for gender reassignment, and has twice attempted suicide while being held at a men’s prison

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d) She has served more than six years of her sentence and, assuming Mr Obama’s commutation is implemented, could hope to be freed by May 2017

e) Even as White House officials underscored that the 44th President had commuted the sentence, not pardoned her, and thus had not removed a federal crime from her record, Mr Obama insisted that “justice has been served”

Answer: a)

Explanation: Option a) is the one which is not part of the coherent paragraph as we see that other options are

talking about the deserved commutation by Chelsea Manning But option a) is defining the defending by Obama over Chelsea Manning

4) a) The Tamil Nadu government may have had few political options but to go in for an ordinance to facilitate the

conduct of jallikattu once the surge in popular sentiment in favour of the traditional bull-taming sport gathered an enormous, unstoppable momentum

b) The State amendment to the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, seeks to exempt jallikattu from the purview of the law

c) With the implacable mass movement demanding a legal Explanation to overcome the judicial ban on jallikattu

on the one side, and related litigation pending in the Supreme Court on the other, there was little that the Union government could have done on its own

d) For the Centre to bring in an amendment would have incurred the wrath of the Supreme Court, which stayed a January 2016 notification and will rule on its validity soon

e) Youths protesting at Tamukkam ground here are determined to continue with their agitation till permanent measures for the regular conduct of jallikattu are taken

Answer: e)

Explanation: Option e) is the one which is not part of the coherent paragraph as we see that other options are

talking about the permanence of jallikattu But option e) is defining the about the protesters

5) a) President Xi Jinping’s message to the World Economic Forum in Davos was timely and perhaps visionary as

well, in this time of extraordinary global uncertainty

b) There is "no point in blaming economic globalisation for the world's problems," he said, saying that the process was not at the root of the Syrian refugee situation or the 2008 financial crisis

c) It is no surprise if, as in the case of German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s potential leadership of the Western alliance, questions have arisen at this juncture about Mr Xi’s willingness to take up cudgels on behalf of broader internationalism and against the rising tide of inward-looking nationalism

d) His address at the opening plenary before captains of business and industry could not have been a more robust and reassuring defence of the current world economic order, perceived to be at its most fragile in the post-War era with the election of Donald Trump as U.S President

e) Foremost is Mr Xi’s caution against attempts to prevent the free flow of goods, services, capital and people as running counter to the historical trend

Answer: b)

Explanation: Option b) is the one which is not part of the logical paragraph as we see that other options are

talking about the conversation between President Xi Jinping and WEF But option b) is defining the message by Xi Jinping to the word

6) a) The split, and the retention of the election symbol, appear to have compensated in some measure for the

party’s failings on the governance front over the last five years

b) Mr Akhilesh Yadav is now able to seek a fresh mandate on his own terms; moreover, he can, with some degree

of credibility, blame the shortcomings on the party’s old guard

c) Also, an alliance with the Congress is now very much within the realm of possibility

d) The Election Commission on Monday allotted the “bicycle” symbol to the Akhilesh faction of the Samajwadi Party as the Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister enjoyed majority in the party’s organisational and legislative structures

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e) Mr Mulayam Singh was averse to a tie-up, but Mr Akhilesh Yadav seems to enjoy a better rapport with the Congress leadership

Answer: d)

Explanation: Option d) is the one which is not part of the logical paragraph as we see that other options are

talking about the communication that happened after the retention of election symbol But option d) is defining about the allocation of election symbol

7) a) The suspense over the timing of the Union Budget for 2017-18 finally ended on Monday with the Election

Commission and the Supreme Court scotching calls, in the light of upcoming elections for five State Assemblies, to defer the February 1 date proposed by the Centre

b) The NDA government has been keen to abandon the tradition of presenting the next financial year’s Budget on the last working day of February, citing the potential benefits for the economy from faster spending of the

approved public expenditure

c) With a February-end Budget, transmission of funds, and thereby meaningful implementation, seldom starts before June, by which time the monsoon sets in

d) This leaves just about two quarters to spend a whole year’s funding for projects involving physical

infrastructure capacity-creation, for instance

e) Noting that there is “nothing concrete” to back the notion that presentation of the annual budget can sway the minds of people during the State Assembly polls, the Supreme Court on Monday dismissed a petition seeking the postponement of the Central budget till the Assembly elections in five States

Answer: e)

Explanation: Option e) is the one which is not part of the logical paragraph as we see that other options are

talking about the budgeting in elections But option e) is defining about the budget before polling

8) a) Everybody loves a good protest — an orderly, self-limiting protest at iconic landmarks organised with state

sanction and police protection

b) But what began as a people’s protest on Chennai’s Marina beach against the ban on jallikattu quickly descended into chaos and confusion when the protesters stood their ground even after the government came up with a practical, legislative Explanation to the judiciary-imposed prohibition of the annual bull-taming ritual

c) As the police resorted to force, violence broke out in several parts of Tamil Nadu

d) Unfortunately, some in the police not only used excessive force but also tried to match the rioters in

lawlessness by attacking two-wheelers and setting fire to auto rickshaws

e) The State prepared itself for a shutdown on Friday as trade unions, traders, hoteliers and others in the service sector announced a dawn-to-dusk bandh in support

Answer: e)

Explanation: Option e) is the one which is not part of the logical paragraph as we see that other options are

talking about the jallikattu protest and its ending But option e) is defining about the shutdown of power during the protest

9) a) The number of unemployed people in India is expected to rise by 1 lakh in 2017 and another 2 lakh in 2018,

according to the International Labour Organisation (ILO)

b) The mismatch between the number of people who annually reach working age and the availability of jobs has been a matter of constant concern globally during the better part of the period since the global financial crisis of the last decade

c) The International Labour Organisation’s latest forecast that a few more millions are set to join the pool of the jobless during this year and the next, is in line with its own previous estimates

d) In any case, with the growth in global gross domestic product registering a six-year low in 2016, expectations of generation of new jobs were always going to be low

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e) But a no-less-serious concern in the ‘World Employment and Social Outlook 2017’ pertains to the stubborn challenge of reducing the extent of vulnerability that currently affects about 42 per cent of the total working population

Answer: a)

Explanation: Option a) is the one which is not part of the logical paragraph as we see that other options are

talking about the job market vagaries But option a) is defining about the jobless peoples in India

10) a) That India’s economic momentum has slowed down is now beyond doubt

b) Advance GDP estimates and gross value added (GVA) for the current fiscal year from the Central Statistics Office clearly reveal the extent of the slowdown

c) India’s gross domestic output is expected to grow at a slower pace of 7.1 per cent in 2016-17 compared to the 7.6 per cent clocked in the previous year, Chief Statistician TCA Anant said

d) While GDP growth is now pegged at 7.1 per cent, compared with a 7.6 per cent pace in 2015-16, GVA is forecast

to expand at 7 per cent this year, easing from the 7.2 per cent posted 12 months earlier

e) And as the Chief Statistician emphasised, these projections were based solely on data from the first seven months through October and do not factor in the impact from the withdrawal of high-value banknotes and the consequent cash crunch

Answer: c)

Explanation: Option c) is the one which is not part of the logical paragraph as we see that other options are

talking about the decreasing nature of economy But option c) is defining about the GDP growth

Sentence Improvement Directions (11-20): Which of the words/phrases (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below should replace the words/phrases given in bold in the following sentences to make it meaningful and grammatically correct?

If the sentence is correct as it is and ‘No correction is required’, mark (e) as the answer

11) In the U.S., German luxury brands has been succeeded in getting people who could once havethought the cars were out of their league towards buying and leasing some snazzy rides

a) Has succeeded, once might have, in buying, leasing

b) Have succeeded, should have once, for buying, leasing

c) Have succeeded, might have once, to buy, lease

d) Had succeeded, once should have, on the way to buy, leased

e) No correction required

12) Denial of wages forced scientists and teachers at the agriculture universities throughout the country to go

on strike, crippling crucial research that could help the state of agriculture in the country

a) Strained, during, critical, condition

b) Required, all over, vital, situation

c) Worried, all through, essential, status

d) Concerned, in the course of, important, position

13) After that the Tsunami had killed thousands of people beside the coasts of southern India; parliament approved a bill that proposed to set up an institutional mechanism to respond quickly to natural

disasters

a) Soon after, along, passed, promptly

b) Later on, next to, accepted, swiftly

c) Anon, alongside, permitted, rapidly

d) In a while, adjacent to, established, punctually

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14) In an aim to boost their profits, many edible oil manufacturing companies have been engaging themselves

in misinformation against commonly used oils and supporting exotic and expensive varieties of oils as more

healthier options

a) Effort to, making, party line, sustaining

b) Plan to, creating, doctrine, encouraging

c) Intend to, generating, cant, sponsoring

d) Attempt to, producing, propaganda, promoting

15) During the days of the League when India's benefit were affected, such as in matters of trade or the place

of Indians overseas, the Indian delegation did not falter to make known its autonomousposition, for what it was

worth

a) Advantage, situation of, vacillate to, sovereign

b) Assistance, part of, dither to, hopeful

c) Interests, position of, hesitate to, independent

d) Support, state of, wane to, positive

16) Unless India and the US are signing a new extradition treaty or adjusting the existing one israther unclear, but there is no doubt that India's extradition requests have usually been turned by western democracies

a) If, modifying, fairly, turned in

b) Whether, amending, somewhat, turned down

c) Because of, altering, a bit, turned up

d) When, improving, not at all, turned on

17) When women are allowed to work in a profession of their choice, when they have access tofinancial services and when they are protected, by law, from domestic violence, they are not only economically empowered, they

also live longer

a) Permitted, contact to, confined, authorized

b) Accepted, entrance to, cosseted, allowed

c) Tolerated, way in, cramped, endorsed

d) Established, aperture, curbed, certified

18) The force of technical improvement in armaments on man, have to be analyzed with a sanemind, and heart

free from prejudices of any kind towards modernization

a) Impact, advancement, needs to, rational

b) Brunt, encroachment, wants to, coherent

c) Collision, development, will, lucid

d) Power, enlargement, should, cogent

19) The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) approximates that America forgoes about $ 17 billion in retirement earnings annually as financial advisers suggest investments that generate profitablecommissions for themselves but shortchange their clients with high fees, not a hundred percentperformance and risky products

a) Guessed, advocated, rewarding, not at best

b) Calculated, advised, beneficial, in poor

c) Educated, proposed, productive, meager

d) Estimates, recommend, lucrative, below-par

20) The greater part of the poor remain in rural areas, and measures to rectify poverty must concentrate

on striking both agricultural expansion and non-farm employment

a) Majority, redress, enhancing, growth

b) Most, correct, outstanding, development

c) Large amount, resolve, prominent in, progress

d) Mainstream, remedy, attraction in, enlargement

Explanation:

11) Answer: c)

Have succeeded – German luxury brands is plural So “have succeeded” will come

Might have once – The sentence is explaining about the certainty i.e the people may or may not think about it So

“might” will come

To buy, lease – It will be the correct idiomatic

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12) Answer: e)

Forced - produced or maintained with effort;

Throughout – in every part of

Crucial – decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of something or of great importance

State – the particular condition that someone or something is in at a specific time

13) Answer: a)

Along - moving in a constant direction on

Passed - approve or put into effect

Promptly - with little or no delay

14) Answer: d)

Attempt to - an act of trying to achieve something

Producing - make or manufacture from components or raw materials

Propaganda - information, especially of a biased or misleading nature

Promoting - further the progress of (something, especially a cause, venture, or aim); support or actively encourage

15) Answer: c)

Interests – the advantage or benefit of a person or group

Position of – a place where someone or something is located or has been put

Hesitate to - pause before saying or doing something, especially through uncertainty

Independent - free from outside control; not depending on another's authority

16) Answer: b)

Whether - expressing a doubt or choice between alternatives

Amending - make minor changes in (a text) in order to make it fairer,

Somewhat - to a moderate extent or by a moderate amount;

Turned down - to decline to accept

17) Answer: e)

Allowed - admit (an event or activity) as legal or acceptable

Access to – a means of approaching or entering a place

Protected - keep safe from harm or injury

Empowered - give (someone) the authority or power to do something

18) Answer: a)

Impact – the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another

Advancement – the process of promoting a cause or plan

Needs to – circumstances in which something is necessary, or that require some course of action; necessity

Rational – based on or in accordance with reason or logic

19) Answer: d)

Estimates – judgment of the value, number, quantity, or extent of something

Recommend – put forward (someone or something) with approval as being suitable for a particular purpose or role

Lucrative – producing a great deal of profit

Below-par – better (or worse) than is usual or expected

20) Answer: a)

Majority – the greater number

Redress – remedy or compensation for a wrong or grievance

Enhancing – intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of

Growth - the process of increasing in physical size

Fill Ups Directions (Q 21-30): In each of the following sentences there are two blank spaces Below each sentence there are four words denoted by numbers a), b), c) and d) Find out ONE word that to be fitted in both the sentences I and II to make it meaningfully complete In case no word is fit to these sentences, option 'e' is the answer

21) I The purpose of the audit is to all of the financial transactions made under the company umbrella to

ensure fraud has not occurred

II If you do not _ your credit card statement each month, you may find yourself paying for charges you did

not incur

a) Scrutinize

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b) Secure

c) Analyze

d) Intent

e) None of the above fits to the sentence

22) I The 2000s saw the rise of commercially seeds created by trans-genesis, that is, the insertion of DNA

from one species into another species

II While there is a lot of institutional and financial support for other entertainment media; those who go into

theatre generally have to struggle to make it a full-time job

a) Alternative

b) Successful

c) Lucrative

d) Viable

23) I Environmental _ groups are upset at the government's plans to allow mining in the sensitive

wilderness area

II Maybe your approach is better for the of functional programming anyway makes it less intimidating

a) Promotion

b) Assertion

c) Advocacy

d) Support

24) I The atmosphere outside the courtroom where the victim's parents the defendant's family was quite

volatile but police were able to keep everything under control

II The world is _ with environmental problems ranging from global warming to deforestation

a) Exhausted

b) Confronted

c) Tackled

d) Dealt

25) I Leena recalled her long sad and severe look at those words and understood the meaning of the _ and

despair in that protracted gaze

II After learning the lawyer accepted a bribe, the committee decided to him and suspends his license

a) Rebuke

b) Censure

c) Reproach

d) Criticize

26) I The presence of bedding or cleavage planes against the general slope reduces the for mass

movements to grade the slope

II Widening the differentials in the vehicle excise duty system could increase the to purchase very low

emissions vehicles

a) Character

b) Quality

c) Disposition

d) Propensity

27) I It's not uncommon to hide personal pain, because putting it on display for all to see can be embarrassing

and even relationships

II Those that do so usually overeat at the next meal and _ the glycemic index and several other

metabolism-related factors

a) Escalate

b) Wreck

c) Haunt

d) Trouble

28) I As a religious , we have to decide whether or not we want to merge with another church

II Without hesitation, the brainwashed _ handed over their lifesavings to the cult leader

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a) Staff

b) Flock

c) Congregation

d) Audience

29) I Since I had not studied for the exam, I was happy when the fire alarm went off in the _ of the test

II In the of the strange surroundings he still preserved that air of knowing, and being master of, his fate,

which was his chief attraction

a) Nexus

b) Midst

c) Quagmire

d) Position

30) I A good leader will people to achieve their own forms of greatness rather than try to force them on

a certain path

II Even though I enjoy having you as a coworker, I you to accept the new job opportunity because it comes

with a pay increase

a) Exhort

b) Weaken

c) Sink

d) Urge

Explanations:

21) Answer: a)

Scrutinize - examine or inspect closely and thoroughly

22) Answer: d)

Viable - capable of working successfully; feasible

23) Answer: c)

Advocacy – public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy

24) Answer: b)

Confronted – meet (someone or something) face to face with hostile or argumentative intent

25) Answer: a)

Rebuke – an expression of sharp disapproval or criticism

26) Answer: d)

Propensity – an inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way

7) Answer: e)

Destabilize – upset the stability of; cause unrest in

28) Answer: c)

Congregation – a group of people assembled for religious worship / a gathering or collection of people, animals, or things

29) Answer: b)

Midst - the middle point or part

30) Answer: a)

Exhort - strongly encourage or urge (someone) to do something

Sentence Filler Direction (Q 31 - 40): In each of the following questions, a short passage is given with one of the lines in the

passage missing and represented by a blank Select the best out of the five answer choices given to make the passage complete and coherent

31) Indian officialdom has all but acknowledged what many suspected all along - that there is something amiss about the growth narrative _ The finance ministry expects a 50,000-crore shortfall in revenue collections, against the budgeted estimate of 14.5 lakh crore It has promised that the fiscal deficit target of 3.9 per cent of GDP will be adhered to, without serious cutbacks in expenditure

a) But that may not be enough to spur investment, given the poor demand impulses, borne out by flat tractor and auto sales, and the stock of unsold homes

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b) Indeed, while the Budget rightly prioritizes capital spending in infrastructure, setting aside some Rs 70,000 crore, it is worth considering whether a larger sum is needed to get the investment cycle going — even if this entails a small deviation from the fiscal deficit target

c) There can be no better time than now to impart an intelligent, rather than populist, fiscal stimulus — with inflation under control and oil prices not posing pressures on the subsidy front

d) A lowering of the projections made in the Economic Survey, from 8.1-8.5 per cent to 7.5 per cent, hardly comes as a surprise, given a 14 per cent deficient monsoon, persistently negative exports and indifferent

industrial growth

e) The RBI has “frontloaded” its rate cuts and is helping banks deal with stressed assets so that they can lend freely

32) For many years, the continent Africa remained unexplored and unknown The main reason was the inaccessibility to its interior region due to dense forests, wildlife, savage tribal, deserts and barren solid hills While others explored with the idea of expanding their respective empires, Livingstone did so to explore its vast and mysterious hinterland, rivers and lakes

a) He was primarily religious man and a medical practitioner who tried to help mankind with it

b) Livingstone was born in Scotland and was educated to become a doctor and priest

c) He explored an unknown river in Western Luanda However, he was reduced to a skeleton during four years of travelling

d) He discovered the origin of the River Nile in 1866 He again suffered many discomforts He became too sick and could not even walk

e) Many people tried to explore the could not survive the dangers, David Livingstone is among those brave few who not only explored part of Africa but also lived among the tribals bringing them near to social milieu

33) _ Even the human body is a form of energy Call it prana or jivatma or simply vayu energy sustains the gross body and expresses it through sensory perceptions and the basic physical

elements The three fundamental gunas- satvik, nijasik and tamasik which characterize the nature of the human being, very often in a combination, are further sub divided into many basic qualities commonly known as human values

a) Energy is neither created nor destroyed; it is only recycled and recast in different forms

b) Love, affection, integrity and truth, for instance, are values that are as important to life as breathing or eating c) Energy values are positive but in the course of practice and because they emanate from a mind that is

susceptible to negative thoughts, they get corrupted

d) Energy generates negativity and manifest in the form of tying cheating or causing others harm

e) The very fact that human civilization has survived over centuries shows that despite all the negativity, the force of positive energy within all of us continues to expand and enrich

34) Over the next five years, India faces one of the world’s biggest financing challenges: bringing clean, affordable, reliable, water and energy to all, building the infrastructure for smart cities to thrive and investing in enterprises that will provide livelihoods for an extra 10 million jobseekers each year

Through all of this and beyond, a sustainable financial system is both a necessity and an opportunity _ Actual practice suggests the reverse

a) At IDFC, the business case for sustainable finance is real and multifaceted: reduced risk, increased market share, access to international finance, reduced reputational risks and enhanced brand value

b) For too long, a myth has been allowed to take root in India that sustainability and finance are at odds – that taking account of environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors raises costs, reduces returns and impedes development

c) The fivefold increase in the country’s solar target to 100 GW of installed capacity by 2022 will require

unprecedented volumes of investment, perhaps as much as $ 100 billion as per some estimates

d) The Small Industries Development Bank of India has found, for example, that loans to energy – efficient

companies have a much better loan recovery rate than the norm

e) Sustainable finance is fundamentally about channeling capital to India’s real economy needs Take renewable

35) Central to the financial sector reforms would be the restructuring and financing of public sector banks (PSBs) _ Accordingly, it recommended that the minimum government holding in PSBs should be reduced from 51 per cent to 33 per cent It was argued that reducing the government holding to 33 per cent would not mean a loss of control over the social objectives of PSBs, but it would give

a breather to these banks to meet minimum capital requirements

a) The UPA government I and II swore by the 51 per cent minimum government holding and hence there was an impasse

b) The Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission (2013) recommended a single Indian Financial Sector Code

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c) The Narasimham Committee II on Banking Sector Reforms (1998) concluded that the fisc just could not meet the capital requirements of PSBs

d) The pronouncements of the present BJP government, however, indicate that they would not deviate from the

51 per cent government holding in PSBs

e) Under the NDA regime, Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha made a valiant effort to get this recommendation accepted, but parliamentarians from his own party blocked the move

36) _ But the number of insured people is only around 20% which is very less compared to other countries There could be many reasons for this shortfall such as lack of awareness or the inability

of companies to reach the masses But the government of India on its part has taken many steps to

increase insurance penetration

a) India with a population of over 1 billion is the 2nd most populous country in the world

b) The government has brought many reforms in the insurance sector, the above steps have helped more people

to take up insurance policies

c) In the coming years, we can be confident of seeing higher growth in insurance penetration among Indians d) The biggest step taken by the government in recent years was raising the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to 49% from the earlier 26%

e) The amendment paved way for foreign insurance companies to start operations in India by partnering with existing entities & offer more products suited for Indian public

37) Capitalism is a great slave, but a pathetic master This truth unfortunately gets lost in our chase for that elusive dream Especially in the west, the land that has been marketed as the land of dreams - the great Western dream It’s the dream of being independent masters of our lives, of making big bucks and of being happy - even if that happiness is being bought by money, which all of them chase out there

a) That is what has made the rest of the world mindlessly chase Westernism, not necessarily happiness or an ideal form of society

b) All because the shop window looks very impressive and it has been marketed very well

c) Thus, the shop window of Westernism looks lucidly attractive

d) However, this has been achieved as a result of more than 200 years of unbridled growth and exploitation e) No doubt, the West, on its part, has been fairly successful in creating material comforts aplenty

38) A long-standing perspective on modernity - that a march toward it would lead progressively to

lessening of religious and related affiliations – has been discredited over a period of time For example, even a product of the information revolution, the Internet, is used to hunt for marriage partners

of a given caste Modern electoral politics is all about utilizing identities that predate this modernity for political gain

a) We have assumed erroneously that we know what modernity is, thereby confusing its present character with what we wish it to be

b) Confusing a wish with the reality on the ground might well be called the Great Nehruvian Conceit — we are all part of this

c) It frequently goes back to the past and incorporates elements from long-forgotten eras into its unfolding present

d) Modern technologies - such as television - feed growing religious appetites

e) We have too easily assumed a linear narrative for modernity, even more so if we clearly observe that it

consists of bits and pieces from different historical periods, and that it unfolds in a circular rather than linear manner

39) _ The vast majority of those who backed him, those who gave the BJP he led a clear

mandate in the 2014 Lok Sabha election, bought his words of hope in to, and believed he could bring in much-needed change and put the country back on a trajectory of growth and development On the first anniversary, some of the promises remain as proposals and many others appear too remote with little or

no chance of coming to fruition in the next four years

a) As the previous Congress-led government ended its term entwined in scams and scandals, Mr Modi marketed himself as everything his predecessor Manmohan Singh was not, and sought to represent the varied aspirations of whole classes of people

b) Having come to power on the strength of mega-promises centered on the prospect of ache din for all, Prime Minister Narendra Modi cannot but feel the weight of popular expectations on his government after an uneventful first year

c) To the government’s credit, inflation is down

d) PM Modi wanted to offer much more than a concrete programme of action; he wanted to present a vision of the future, a vision of India taking its place as an economic superpower in the first world

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