oop print

integral enum floatingfloat double long double char short int long bool trong Visual C++ Gán các giá nhiên cho các tham hàm... Hãy các công sau:a.Tính lãnh tháng nhân viên trong công ty.

Khoa Công

1 2 3 4 55

Trang cho sinh viên và

[2] A Complete Guide to Programming in C++, Ulla

Kirch-Prinz and Peter Prinz, Jones and Bartlett

Publishers, 2002

[3] The C++ Programming Language, The 3rd

Professional, 2003

hành: 30%

Khoa Công

1 2 3 4 55Inline Functions6

int a[4], i;

for (i=0; i<4; i++){

printf("\nNhap a%d = ", i);

scanf("%d", &a[i]);

} printf("\nBan vua nhap 4 so:");

for (i=0; i<4; i++){

printf("%d ", a[i]);

} }

Primary Memory

the editor and stored

on disk.

Preprocessor program processes the code.

Loader puts program

in memory.

CPU takes each instruction and executes it, possibly storing new data values as the program executes.

Compiler

Compiler creates object code and stores

it on disk.

Linker links the object code with the libraries, creates a.out and stores it on disk

Editor Preprocessor

Linker

CPU

Primary Memory

.

.

Disk Disk Disk Disk

10 //define local constant PI

11 const float PI= static_cast< float>( ::PI);

Access the global PI with

::PI

Cast the global PI to a

float for the local PI.

This example will showthe difference between

float and double.

12 // display values of local and global PI constants

13 cout << setprecision( 20 )

14 << " Local float value of PI = "<<PI

15 << "\nGlobal double value of PI = "<< ::PI<< endl;

16 return0; // indicates successful termination

17 } // end main

Borland C++ command-line compiler output:

Local float value of PI = 3.141592741012573242

Global double value of PI = 3.141592653589790007

Microsoft Visual C++ compiler output:

Local float value of PI = 3.1415927410125732

Global double value of PI = 3.14159265358979

cin cout cerr

thông báo

cin and cout (and #include <iostream>):

Function main appears exactly

once in every C++ program

Function main returns an

integer value.

Left brace { begins

function body.

Corresponding right brace }

ends function body.

Statements end with

a semicolon ;.

Name cout belongs to namespace std.

Stream insertion operator.

Keyword return is one of several means to exit function; value 0 indicates program

5 int integer1; // first number to be input by user

6 int integer2; // second number to be input by user

7 int sum; // variable in which sum will be stored

8 cout << "Enter first integer\n" ; // prompt

9 cin >> integer1; // read an integer

10 cout << "Enter second integer\n" ; // prompt

11 cin >> integer2; // read an integer

12 sum = integer1 + integer2; // assign result to sum

13 cout << "Sum is " << sum << endl; // print sum

12 return 0 // indicate that program ended successfully

15 } // end function main

Declare integer variables.

Use stream extraction operator with standard input stream to obtain user input.

Stream manipulator std::endl

outputs a newline, then “flushes output buffer.”

Concatenating, chaining or cascading stream insertion operations.

Calculations can be performed in output statements:

alternative for lines 12 and 13:

std::cout << "Sum is " << integer1 + integer2 << std::endl;

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void main() {int n;

integral enum floating

float double long double char short int long bool

trong Visual C++

Gán các giá nhiên cho các tham hàm

void swap3( int &x, int &y) { int t = x; x = y; y = t; }

6 int squareByValue( int ); // function prototype

7 void squareByReference( int & ); // function prototype

8 int main(){

9 int x = 2 , z = 4 ;

10 // demonstrate squareByValue

11 cout << "x = " << x << " before squareByValue\n" ;

12 cout << "Value returned by squareByValue: "

13 << squareByValue( x ) << endl;

14 cout << "x = " << x << " after squareByValue\n" << endl;

Notice the & operator,

18 cout << "z = " << z << " after squareByReference" << endl;

19 return 0 // indicates successful termination

20 } // end main

21 // squareByValue multiplies number by itself, stores the

22 // result in number and returns the new value of number

23 int squareByValue( int number ) {

24 return number *= number; // caller's argument not modified

25 } // end function squareByValue

26 void squareByReference( int &numberRef ) {

27 numberRef *= numberRef; // caller's argument modified

28 } // end function squareByReference

Changes number, but original parameter (x)

11 cout << "x = " << x << endl << "y = " << y << endl;

12 return 0 // indicates successful termination

8 cout << "x = " << x << endl << "y = " << y << endl;

9 return 0 // indicates successful termination

10 }

Uninitialized reference– compiler error

Borland C++ command-line compiler error message:

Error E2304 Fig03_22.cpp 11: Reference variable 'y' must be initialized in function main()

Microsoft Visual C++ compiler error message:

D:\cpphtp4_examples\ch03\Fig03_22.cpp(11) : error C2530: 'y' : references must be initialized

int func1 (int);

float func1 (int);

int func1 (float);

void func1 (int = 0, int);

void func2 (int, int = 0);

void func2 (int);

void func2 (float);

void func ( int i, int j = 0 ){

cout << “So nguyen: ” << i << “ ” << j << endl;

}

void func ( float i = 0, float j = 0){

cout << “So thuc:” << i << “ ” << j <<endl;

Hãy các công sau:

a.Tính lãnh tháng nhân viên trong công ty.

b.In danh sách nhân viên có

c nhân viên có >= 1200000.

d.In danh sách các nhân viên theo phòng ban, phòng ban trùng nhau thì

theo mã nhân viên.

Khoa Công

1 2 3 4 55

dàng ra các

printf(“%d / %d / %d\n”, d.day, d.mon, d.year);

(object) (class)

Destructor

Constructor

Other public methods

1984 0610234T 9.2

hóa và các liên quan.

14/09/2014 29

gói: Nhóm gì có liên quan

tính có

Nguyên lý : tránh tái

trình an toàn không thay

trình khác nâng

trúc

Cú pháp khai báo

hàm thành Khai báo và

vi truy

– Constructor – Destructor

};

private : int width;

int length;

public : void set(int w, int l); int area();

public : void set ( int w, int l);

int area() { return width*length; } };

void Rectangle :: set (int w, int l) {

scope operator

class {

//constructor //default constructor

:

Private data:

hrs mins secs

Set Increment Write Time Time

(<danh

class Rectangle {

Rectangle r1;

r1.set(5, 8);

} r1 is statically allocated

width length

r1 width = 5 length = 8

width length

r1 width = 5 length = 8

5000

???

r2 6000 5000

width = 8 length = 10

//dot notation

//arrow notation

class Rectangle {

//arrow notation

void init(int ox, int oy);

void move(int dx, int dy);

void display();

};

void point::init ( int ox, int oy) {

cout<<"Ham thanh phan init\n";

x = ox; y = oy;

}

void point::move ( int dx, int dy) {

cout<<"Ham thanh phan move\n";

x += dx; y += dy;

}

void point::display () {

cout<<"Ham thanh phan display\n";

cout<<"Toa do: "<<x<<" "<<y<<"\n";

}

voidmain() {

Ham thanh phan move Ham thanh phan display Toa do: 3 6

return (x==pt.x && y==pt.y);

}

return (x==pt x && y==pt y);

}

return (x==pt.x && y==pt.y);

x 5

2 x

y

point( int ox, int oy) { x = ox; y = oy; }/*Hàm

void move ( int dx, int dy);

point( int ox, int oy = 1){ x = ox; y = oy;}/*Hàm

void move ( int dx, int dy);

MyClass x;

MyClass* p = new MyClass;

khác (overload)

MyClass x(5);

MyClass* p = new MyClass(5);

có các constructor khác , trình

.

14/09/2014 38

class point{

int x, y;

public :

point(int ox, int oy = 1){ x = ox; y = oy;}

void move ( int dx, int dy);

~vector(); //Hàm voiddisplay();

Truy (“thành viên x có > 10 không?”)

y là bao nhiêu?”)

các truy quy tên

sau: “get” , theo là

tên thành viên truy

intgetX();

intgetSize();

intStudent::setGPA (double newGPA){

if ((newGPA >= 0.0) && (newGPA <= 4.0)){

this->gpa = newGPA;

return0; // Return 0 to indicate success}

else{return-1; // Return -1 to indicate failure}

}

Trong C, static khai

width length

width length

r1

r3

r2 count

MyClass:

class MyClass{

public : MyClass();

MyClass* x = new MyClass;

(thông qua tên

Các thành viên private và protected

truy thông qua các hàm thành viên

truy thành viên public khi các

\ }

Dummy(){cout << "Entering a C++ program saying \n";}

~Dummy(){cout << "And then exitting ";}

Hàm Nhap()Hàm Xuat();

Khoa Công

là thành

là thành

phát Hàm

L

có là thành khác , khi

TamGiac(doublexA, doubleyA, doublexB, doubleyB,

doublexC, doubleyC) : A(xA,yA), B(xB,yB),C(xC,yC){

C(xC,yC), loai(l) {}

?

Diem(double xx, doubleyy) : x(xx), y(yy){ }

voidSet(doublexx, double yy) {

public:String(char*s) { p = strdup(s); }String(const String &s) { p = strdup(s.p); }

~String() {cout << "delete "<< (void *)p << "\n";

delete[] p;

}};

double x,y;

public:Diem(doublexx = 0, doubleyy = 0) : x(xx), y(yy){ }voidSet(double xx, doubleyy) {

x = xx, y = yy;

}//

};

14/09/2014 16

classString{

char *p;

public:

String(char*s = "") { p = strdup(s); }

String(const String &s) { p = strdup(s.p); }

*ms=“19920014”, intns = 1982) : HoTen(ht), MaSo(ms), NamSinh(ns) { }

~String() { cout << "delete "<< (void *)p << "\n";

delete[] p;

}};

class String {

char *p;

public:

String( char *s ) { p = strdup(s); }

String( const String &s ) { p = strdup(s.p); }

int *pi = new int ;

int *pj = new int (15);

Diem *pd = new Diem(20,40);

String *pa = new String("Nguyen Van A");

int *pai = new int [10];

Diem *pad = new Diem[5];

String *pas = new String[5];

String (char *s = "Alibaba") { p = strdup(s); }

String (const String &s) { p = strdup(s.p); }

Diem *pad =newDiem[5];

//Ca 5 diem co cung toa do (0,0)String *pas =new String[5];

//Ca 5 chuoi cung duoc khoi dong la “Alibaba”

};

classJERRY{

public:voidChange(TOM T){

T.SecterTom++;

}};

có hai tách

private và chi mã hóa các hàm thành

int gio, phut, giay;

static bool HopLe(int g, int p, int gy);

public:

ThoiDiem(int g = 0, int p = 0, int gy = 0) {Set(g,p,gy);}

void Set(int g, int p, int gy);

int LayGio() const {return gio; }

int LayPhut() const {return phut; }

int LayGiay() const {return giay; }

ThoiDiem(int g = 0, int p = 0, int gy = 0) {Set(g,p,gy);}

void Set(int g, int p, int gy);

int LayGio() const {return tsgiay/3600;}

int LayPhut() const {return (tsgiay%3600)/60;}

int LayGiay() const {return tsgiay%60;}

Program class XX { type1 prop1;

type2 prop2;

type Method1( ) {

}

};

void main() { XX x; // object variable

x.Method( );

}

pick nouns

pick verbs hành vi thành class

double ChuVi() const;double DienTich() const;};

toán, ta nên khai báo là thành classQuocGia{

longDanSo;

double DienTich;

doubleTuoiTrungBinh;

public:doubleTinhTuoiTB() const;//

};

double xA, yA;

double xB, yB, xC, yC;

public : //

};

class HinhTron{

double tx, ty , BanKinh;

public : //

riêng Không copy constructor và destructor

Hàm Nhap()Hàm Xuat();

các thao tác Set, Cong, Tru, Nhan, ChiaPhanSo A, B, C, D, E;

C.Set(A.Cong(B));

E.Set(D.Cong(C));

E = A + B + C + D ???

Các toán cho phép ta cú pháp toán

2/3 + 5 – 6/5 = ?

aa@ aa.operator@(int) operator@(aa,int)

void Set( long t, long m);

long LayTu() const {

PhanSo Cong(PhanSo b) const;

PhanSo operator+ (PhanSo b) const;

PhanSo operator- ()const

{

returnPhanSo(-tu, mau);

}

bool operator==(PhanSo b) const;

bool operator!=(PhanSo b) const;

voidXuat() const;

14/09/2014 16

PhanSo PhanSo::Cong(PhanSo b) const {

return PhanSo(tu*b.mau + mau*b.tu, mau*b.mau);

}

PhanSo PhanSo:: operator + (PhanSo b) const {

return PhanSo(tu*b.mau + mau*b.tu, mau*b.mau);

}

bool PhanSo:: operator == (PhanSo b) const {

return tu*b.mau == mau*b.tu;

Khi phép toán hàm thành ,

Phép toán 2 ngôi 1 tham

và phép toán 1 ngôi không có tham :

a - b; // a.operator -(b);

PhanSo operator + (PhanSo b) const ; PhanSo operator + (long b) const { return PhanSo(tu + b*mau, mau);}

void Xuat() const ; };

14/09/2014 24

class PhanSo{

long tu, mau;

public :

PhanSo ( long t, long m) { Set(t,m); }

PhanSo operator + (PhanSo b) const ;

PhanSo operator + ( long b) const ;{ return PhanSo(tu + b*mau, mau);}

friend PhanSo operator + ( int a , PhanSo b);

};

PhanSo operator + ( int a , PhanSo b)

{ return PhanSo(a*b.mau+b.tu, b.mau); }

nguyên trong các phép toán và quan

nguyên, nguyên và phân

+,-,*,/,<,>,==,!=,<=,>= cho phân và nguyên

thao tác trên phân và nguyên

class PhanSo{

long tu, mau;

public :

PhanSo ( long t, long m) {Set(t,m);}

void Set ( long t, long m);

PhanSo operator + (PhanSo b) const ;

PhanSo operator + ( long b) const ;

friend PhanSo operator + ( int a, PhanSo b);

PhanSo operator - (PhanSo b) const ;

PhanSo operator - ( long b) const ;

friend PhanSo operator - ( int a, PhanSo b);

PhanSo operator * (PhanSo b) const ;

PhanSo operator * ( long b) const ;

friend PhanSo operator * ( int a, PhanSo b);

PhanSo operator / (PhanSo b) const ; PhanSo operator / ( long b) const ;

friend PhanSo operator / ( int a, PhanSo b);

bool operator == (PhanSo b) const ;

bool operator == ( long b) const ;

friend bool operator == ( long a, PhanSo b);

bool operator != (PhanSo b) const ;

bool operator != ( long b) const ;

friend bool operator != ( int a, PhanSo b);

bool operator < (PhanSo b) const ;

bool operator < ( long b) const ;

friend bool operator < ( int a, PhanSo b);

};

các khai báo trên, ta có

doubler = 2; // double r = double(2);

doubles = r + 3; // double s = r + double(3);

cout << sqrt(9); // cout << sqrt(double(9));

void Set( long t, long m);

PhanSo operator + (PhanSo b) const ;

friend PhanSo operator + ( int a, PhanSo b);

PhanSo operator - (PhanSo b) const ;

friend PhanSo operator - ( int a, PhanSo b); //…

};

PhanSo ( long t, long m) { Set(t,m); }

PhanSo ( long t) { Set(t,1); }

void Set ( long t, long m);

friend PhanSo operator + (PhanSo a, PhanSo b);

friend PhanSo operator - (PhanSo a, PhanSo b);

NumStr( char *p) { s = strdup(p); }

operator double () { return atof(s); }

friend ostream & operator << (ostream &o, NumStr &ns);

cout << "s1 = " << s1 << "\n"; // Xuat 's1 = 123.45' ra cout cout << "s2 = " << s2 << "\n"; // Xuat 's2 = 34.12' ra cout cout << "s1 + s2 = " << s1 + s2 << "\n";

// Xuat 's1 + s2 = 157.57' ra cout cout << "s1 + 50 = " << s1 + 50 << "\n";

// Xuat 's1 + 50 = 173.45' ra cout cout << "s1*2=" << s1*2 << "\n"; // Xuat 's1*2=246.9' ra cout cout << "s1/2 = " << s1/2 << "\n";

// Xuat 's1 / 2 = 61.725' ra cout }

PhanSo( long t = 0, long m = 1) {Set(t,m);}

void Set( long t, long m);

friend PhanSo operator + (PhanSo a, Pham So b);

operator double () const { return double (tu)/mau;}