MPLS cisco QOS VPN full MPLS

When network resources are insufficient or inadequate to accommodate offered load.. When traffic streams are inefficiently mapped onto available resources; causing subsets of network r

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多多多多多多多 MPLS

多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多

多多多多多

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 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 MultiProtocol Label Switching 宽宽宽

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 IETF MPLS Working Group-1997

 “No MPLS standards body yet”

 IETF MPLS Working Group 宽宽

宽宽宽 MPLS?

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ATM Switch -> Core Switch

Capacity Aware Routing Engine + Connection Control

Efficiency

Add Protocol Interfaces

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Router -> Core Switch

Capacity Aware Routing Engine + Connection Control

Connection-based

Interfaces

Protocol Interfaces

Add Protocol Interfaces

New Fabric

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宽宽宽 MPLS?

 宽宽宽宽宽“宽宽宽宽”宽 Ships In The Night 宽 SIN 宽宽宽宽宽

Thinks that it's a router

…and an LSR!

• If there's a label, behave as an LSR.

• If there's no label, behave as a router.

• If there's a label, behave as an LSR.

• If there's no label, behave as a router.

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宽宽宽 MPLS?

 ATM 宽宽宽宽宽“宽宽宽宽”宽宽宽宽

Acts as router

Acts as ATM LSR

…or ATM Switch

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$27B

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The Internet (Pre-1995)

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 IP 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

R3 R1

R2

R1 、 R3 、、、、、

R2 、 R3 、、、、、

” 、“、、、、、、、、

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The Internet (Circa1995+)

 宽宽宽宽宽宽

Transmission

Network Engineering

Service

SONET/SDH

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R3 R1

R2

R1 、 R3 、、、 PVC

宽宽宽宽 Traffic Engineering

 ATM 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

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宽宽宽宽宽 The New Generation Public Network

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MPLS 宽宽

 Label

 Label Switch Router (LSR)

 Label Switch Path (LSP)

 Label Information Base (LIB)

 Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)

 Traffic Engineering via Explicit

Routing

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宽宽 Label

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宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 Label Switch Router

 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 “宽”宽宽宽宽宽宽

 宽宽宽宽宽宽 LSR

 ATM LSR

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宽宽宽宽宽宽 Label Switch Path

 The path followed by packets that have the same label!

IP Source

Network

IP Destination Network

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宽宽宽宽宽 Label Information Base (LIB)

 Table where a label ID is associated with an outbound port

IP Source

Network

The Internet

Label (In) Label (Out)

12

308

766 5

O/P Port Ser_1 Ser_2

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 LSR- 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 Label

 LSR 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 LSRs

 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 Label Distribution Protocol 宽 LDP 宽

 RSVP-TE

 CR-LDP

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RSVP

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MPLS 宽宽宽宽

多多多多

 宽宽 ATM TE 宽宽宽

 宽宽宽宽宽 Explicit Routing 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 ATM 宽宽 "Network Engineering"

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IP Source

Network

 Diffserv Tag 宽宽 ToS 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 LSP

High Reliability

Low Delay

High Bandwidth

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Router Router

IP Source

Network

IP Destination Network Router

Router

Router Router

Router

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Router Router

IP Source

Network

IP Destination Network Router

Router

Router Router

5.1 5.2 6.2

7.1

7.2 9.1 8.1 8.2

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Longest Prefix Match: RFC 1812

Routers SHOULD always treat a route as a network prefix, and SHOULD reject configuration and routing information

inconsistent with that model

IP-address ::= { <Network-prefix>, <Host-number> }

An effect of the use of CIDR is that the set of destinations

associated with address prefixes in the routing table may

exhibit subset relationship A route describing a smaller set of destinations (a longer prefix) is said to be more specific than

a route describing a larger set of destinations ( a shorter

prefix ); similarly, a route describing a larger set of destinations (a shorter prefix) is said to be less specific than a route

describing a smaller set of destinations (a longer prefix)

Routers must use the most specific matching route (the

longest matching network prefix) when forwarding traffic.

RFC 1812: "Requirements for IPv4 Routers" Section 2.2.5

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Longest Prefix Match 宽宽

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TTL: 8-bits Time To Live

MPLS "shim" headers

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MPLS 宽宽

Router Router

IP Source

Network

LSR2

LSR1

LSR3

LSR5 LSR6

LSR4

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Router Router

IP Source

Network

LSR2

LSR1

LSR3

LSR5 LSR6

5.1 5.2 6.2

7.1

7.2 9.1 8.1 8.2

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Router2 Router1

IP Source

Network

LSR2

LSR1

LSR3

LSR5 LSR6

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I/F ID

Ser_1

Ser_2 Ser_2 Ser_2 Ser_4 Eth_4

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I/F ID Ser_1

Ser_2

Ser_2 Ser_2 Ser_4 Eth_4

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I/F ID Ser_1 Ser_2

Ser_2

Ser_2 Ser_4 Eth_4

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C.0 C.0

I/F ID Ser_1 Ser_2 Ser_2

Ser_2

Ser_4 Eth_4

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C.0

I/F ID Ser_1 Ser_2 Ser_2 Ser_2

Ser_4

Eth_4

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宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

Router2 Router1

IP Source

Network

LSR2

LSR1

LSR3

LSR5 LSR6

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IP Source

Network

LSR2

LSR1

LSR3

LSR5 LSR6

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MPLS 宽宽宽宽

 MPLS 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽…

 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 / 宽宽宽宽宽 ER/TE 宽

 宽宽宽 OSPF, IS-IS 宽 BGP 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

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Net D.0

Router

Request

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LSR 6 LSR 1

Downstream Upstream

Egress Ingress

宽宽宽宽宽

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LSR 6 LSR 1

Egress Ingress

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LSR 6 LSR 1

Egress Ingress

 宽宽 LSR 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 LSR 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

Label Assign

Data Flow

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 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 LSP 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 宽宽宽宽宽宽 I/F

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 宽宽宽 (Conservative)

 宽宽宽 (Liberal)

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Congestion typically manifests under two scenarios:

1 When network resources are insufficient or

inadequate to accommodate offered load.

2 When traffic streams are inefficiently mapped onto available resources; causing subsets of network

resources to become over-utilized while others remain underutilized.

D.O.Awduche: draft-ietf-mpls-traffic-eng-01.txt

宽宽宽宽

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宽宽宽宽

Two Solutions to (1)

• Reduce the load (e.g flow control)

• Upgrade the network

Two Solutions to (1)

• Reduce the load (e.g flow control)

• Upgrade the network

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MPLS 宽宽宽宽宽 Traffic Engineering

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 CR-LDP

 RSVP-TE Now I know why they call it "Multiprotocol"

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Claim is that RSVP signalling messages lack reliability

State

Management

State

Management Hard State Soft State Wrong! RSVP has been modified from "soft" state

Wrong! RSVP has been modified from "soft" state

• Request

• Mapping

• Resource Res (optional)

Perception may be that refresh traffic required for RSVP Not so with hard state.

• Path

• Resv

• Path

• Resv

Due to hard state

Perception is that RSVP soft state not explicit.

Explicit Explicit

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RSVP originally intended for scalable multicast operation.

Based on effort MPLS and modified

best-Modified from a QoS-capable protocol

Modified from a QoS-capable protocol

Is it possible to decide which modifications are more significant?

RSVP capability to support IntServ may be extremely useful in the future.

Based on DifServ

Based on IntServ, modified for DiffServ

Label

Label Wrong! RSVP is used for Wrong! RSVP is used for

Based on LDP Need to run Need to run

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Unreliable RSVP has long wait for rerouting

Remarks

Wrong! Failure notification linked to TX/RX detect Rerouting can be similar to PNNI, with FORE

implementing a precomputation feature.

Wrong! Failure notification linked to TX/RX detect Rerouting can be similar to PNNI, with FORE

implementing a precomputation feature.

Supported, but unreliable transport may make feature unusable

Wrong! RSVP hard state will make preemption as useable as CR-LDP.

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宽宽宽 (loose) 宽宽宽宽

 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 LSR

 宽宽宽宽宽宽 LSR (a.k.a "abstract nodes")

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MPLS 宽宽

 163/169 宽宽宽、、 MPLS 、 Label Tree

 、、、 ABR/UBR 、、 : Best effort

DDN/F R

ATM PVC

多多多 MPLS/AT M

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MPLS 宽宽

 Marconi 宽宽宽宽宽 IP Multicast 宽宽

 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 Multicast-VC 、

多多多 MPLS/ATM

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多多多 MPLS/AT

M

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MPLS 宽宽宽宽宽宽

 DRAFT: MPLS Label Format

 DRAFT: Label Distribution Protocols

 LDP

 RSVP (both at final call)

 DRAFT: Traffic Engineering Protocols

 CR-LDP

 RSVP-TE (both still garnering comment)

 DRAFT: Other topics

 OSPF, BGP, ISIS modifications

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Marconi/FORE MPLS 宽宽

 Industry movement to the middle

 From ATM connections & IP routing

 宽 IP 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 MPLS 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 MPLS 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 MPLS 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

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 宽宽宽宽

 ASX-4000 POS, Chameleon

 ASX-4000 Stratum 3 Timing, SlyDog

 ASX-4000 OC-12c Port Card, Porcupine II

 ASX-4000 Redundancy, Polecat

 ASX-1000 Series D SONET APS

 ASX-1000 Series E Port Cards, Paris

 FramePlus Enhancements, Hermes

 ASX-4000 SCP2 Expanded Connection

 License Violation Detection

 AToM MIB Support

 宽宽 / 宽宽

 FORE Traffic Engineering Port to IGPs

 Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)

 PPP Signaling

 Resource Reservation Protocol for Traffic Engineering

 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

 Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 (BGP4)

 Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)

 Packet Classification and Prioritization

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FT 7.0 宽宽宽宽

 IP Routing ( 宽宽 QoS, TE, TM 宽 CR)

 IGPs: OSPF, IS-IS

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Marconi/FORE 宽 MPLS 宽宽宽

 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 ASX4000 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 MPLS 宽宽宽宽 ATM 宽 POS 宽 DWDM 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 IP 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 Marconi/FORE 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 TE 宽 TM 宽 CR 宽 QoS

 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 (COLL)

 宽宽“宽宽宽宽”宽宽宽宽宽 Marconi/FORE 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

宽 ATM 宽 IP 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 ATM 宽 MPLS 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 宽宽宽宽 MPLS 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 Marconi/FORE 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

MPLS 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

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Marconi/FORE 宽 MPLS 宽宽宽

 宽宽宽 ATM 宽宽 IP 宽 MPLS 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 VPN

 宽宽 IP 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 IP 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

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ATM vs MPLS

 MPLS 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 ATM:

Switching Field VP / VC Label

Routable Objects Virtual Circuits Label Switched Paths (LSPs)

Source Routing Designated

Transit List Explicit Route

Path Setup PNNI Signaling Modified RSVP (replaces soft state

with hard state à la PNNI)

、、、 QoS 、、、 non-ATM LSR 、、、、、、、 ATM 、、、、、、 :

Weighted per-LSP scheduling

QoS Routing PNNI routing To Be Determined

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IP / MPLS / ATM

 MPLS 宽 ATM 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 ATM 宽宽宽宽宽宽 MPLS 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 Internet 宽宽宽宽 ATM 宽 IP 宽宽宽宽宽

 宽宽 : MPLS 宽 DiffServ

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宽宽宽宽宽 IP 宽宽

 IP 宽宽宽宽 IP 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 宽宽宽 ATM overlay 宽宽宽 MPLS

 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 Internet Drafts 宽

 OSPF (Curtis Villamizar)

 IS-IS (Curtis Villamizar and Tony Li)

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 MPLS 宽宽宽 2 宽宽宽宽 3 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 MPLS 宽 IP 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 Marconi /FORE 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽宽

 Marconi/FORE 宽宽宽宽宽宽宽 COLL 宽宽宽宽

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www.ietf.org www.mplsforum.org www.Marconi.com

www.fore.com

ccss@ict.ac.cn

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