General principles GP set 06 infectious diseases a

List the mechanism of action of the toxins.. A 21-year-old male presents to the emergency department with dysuria and penile discharge.. List the simplest way to differentiate between St

GENERAL PRINCIPLES SET 6: INFECTIOUS DISEASES, PART A

1 Compare and contrast the Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls

2 Which mechanism of gene transfer does not require homologous recombination and why?

3 List 2 bacteria that cause watery diarrhea due to exotoxins List the mechanism of action of the toxins

4 Define the following types of media as selective, differential, or both

• MacConkey:

• Thayer Martin:

• Buffered charcoal yeast:

5 Describe the pathogenesis of gastroenteritis with Shigella species Include mechanism of action (MOA) of the toxin

6 A 21-year-old male presents to the emergency department with dysuria and penile discharge Compare and contrast the 2 most likely causative agents

7 List the simplest way to differentiate between Staphylococcus and Streptococcus

8 Describe the mechanism of action of the 2 neurotoxins and list the organisms that make them

9 A 65-year-old male develops fever, shaking chills, and dyspnea A Gram stain of the sputum reveals Gram-positive cocci that are α hemolytic on blood agar List the most common causative agent and one other

probable causative agent How would you differentiate between them? Would the patient history be different?

If your answer is yes, explain

10 List the 3 most common bacterial genera that are anaerobic

11 An 18-year-old female was diagnosed with a respiratory infection caused by Neisseria species Describe how to differentiate between the 2 most common Neisseria species to inhabit the respiratory tract

12 In a patient with bloody diarrhea with a lactose negative, Gram-negative rod, list:

• 2 bacteria that are at the top of the differential:

• 2 lab tests that can easily differentiate between these bacteria

Include which bacteria are positive for those tests

13 List the 3 genera of medically relevant spirochetes

14 Describe the replication of Chlamydia

15 A 25-year-old male presents to his PCP with complaints of a rash on his palms and soles and some hair loss in his beard A physical exam revealed a diffuse maculopapular rash History is significant for a penile lesion several weeks ago that was non-painful List the diagnosis, stages of this disease and testing for this disease in each stage What stage of disease is this patient?

16 List the simplest diagnostic test for cutaneous fungal infections

17 List the diagnostic stages for the following:

• Aspergillus:

• Mucor:

• Blastomyces:

• Histoplasma:

• Sporothrix:

• Coccidioides:

18 A 45-year-old male who is HIV positive presents to the emergency department with fever, stiff neck, headache and vomiting Discuss:

• Most common causative agent:

• Morphology:

• Diagnosis:

• Treatment:

These question sets are intended to be completed before viewing the High Yield course lectures

Video explanations can be found on the Warm-up Questions page within the online High Yield course For further review of the topics covered in this set, refer to the following lectures:

Infectious Diseases:

• Introduction to Bacteriology

• Infectious Diseases

• Gram Positives