CHỨC NĂNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU Làm chủ ngữ To become a teacher is my dream.. CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ ĐI VỚI NGUYÊN MẪU 1.. “To infinitive” được dùng làm tân ngữ cho các động từ như: AGREE/ AIM/
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ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU
A GIỚI THIỆU:
Động từ nguyên mẫu có dạng TO VERB/ VERB
- To V: To work, to do smth
- To be V-ing: To be working
- To have P2: To have worked
- To have been V-ing: To have been working
- Bị động:
o To be P2: To be done
o To have been P2: To have been done
B CHỨC NĂNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU
Làm chủ ngữ
To become a teacher is my dream.
To help you is my duty
To know all about English is one thing, to know
English is quite another
To have made the same mistake twice is unforgivable
Làm vị ngữ My dream is to become a teacher
I have to help him
They ought to make that mistake
C CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ ĐI VỚI NGUYÊN MẪU
1 “To infinitive” được dùng làm tân ngữ cho các động từ như:
AGREE/ AIM/ APPEAR/ ATTEMPT/ CARE/ CHOOSE/ CLAIM/ DECIDE / DEMAND/ BE
DETERMINED TO DO/ FAIL TO DO/ FORGET/ REMEMBER/ HAPPEN TO V/ TURN
OUT TO BE/ HESITATE/ HOPE/ WANT/ WISH TO V/ LEARN/ MANAGE TO V/
PRETEND TO/ PROMISE/ REFUSE/ SEEM/ TEND/ SWEAR/ THREATEN/ TRY/
REGRET/ STOP
2 “To infinitive” dùng theo cấu trúc : V + O + to infinitive:
REQUIRE/ REQUEST/ DEMAND/ ASK/ ALLOW/ PERMIT/ BEG/ WANT/ ADVISE/
ENCOURAGE/ FORCE/ PERSUADE/ REMIND/ ORDER/ TEACH/ TELL/ URGE/
WARN
Ex: Why did he advise you to visit Halong Bay?
I told him to be patient
3 “To infinitive” dùng theo cấu trúc:
Be about to do sth = be going to do sth= chuẩn bị làm gì
The man is about to step on the boat
Be + adj + to V
Trang 2I’m happy to teach you
It’s nice to meet you
Be + P2 + To V
He require me to do this job
I was required to do that job
Find it + adj + To V = Find that it + be = thấy để làm gì
I find it difficult to learn new words
= I find that it is difficult to learn new words
Try one’s best to do sth/ do one’s best to do Sth
Make an efford/ attempt= cố gắng
Decide= make up one’s mind to + V= Quyết định làm gì
How + to V
He accidentally discovered how to open the safe
Anh ta tình cờ khám phá ra cách để mở cái két
What + To V:
I don’t know what to say
Tôi không biết phải nói gì
Where/ when/ whether
I don’t know where to go
Tôi không biết phải đi đâu
I don’t know when to turn the lights off
Tôi không biết khi nào thì tắt đèn đi
I wonder whether to leave or to stay
Tôi tự hỏi liệu nên đi hay ở
Decide/ learn/ remember
4 “To infinitive” dùng trong cấu trúc câu bị động
“He is an honest man” They said
He was said to be an honest man
“ He is living in Hanoi” They believe
He is believed to be living in Hanoi
“ He stole my camera” She said
He was said to have stolen her camera
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BÀI TẬP BÀI TẬP 1: CHO DẠNG ĐÚNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG NGOẶC
1. Bill agreed (to meet) _us at the restaurant at 8:30, but he never showed up
2. Our art teacher encouraged (to try) _with different colors
3. Dana hopes (to save) enough money to travel around Europe for three months It's her
dream
4. Constance plans (to take) _part in the marathon next spring
5. The doctor advised (to see) _a specialist about the problem
6. After the tsunami, Bette chose (to stay) _in Indonesia and work with relief organization
7. She waited (to buy) _a movie ticket
8. The doctor encouraged his patients (to eat) _healthy food
9. My flat is easy (to find) _
10.We plan (to go) _to Europe this summer
BÀI TẬP 2: CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG CHO MỖI CÂU SAU:
1 I am planning Da Lat next week
A visit B visiting C visited D to visit
2 I must go now I promised _ late
A not being B not to be C not being D won’t be
3 Suddenly he stopped the car in order
A smoke B to smoke C smoking D smoked
4 It was late, so we decided a taxi home
A to take B taken C taking D take
5 How old were you when you learnt _?
A how to drive B how drive C how driving D how driven
6 She always encourages her son harder
A to study B studied C study D studying
7 Don’t forget the letter I gave you
A to post B posting C post D posted
8 We expect him tomorrow
A arrive B arriving C to arrive D will arrive
9 I tried _the bus, but I missed it
A catch B catching C to catch D caught
10 Remember _Lan a present because today is her birthday
A send B sending C to send D sent
11 We were allowed _ photographs in this room
A sell B to sell C selling D sold
12 Would you like to my birthday party?
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KEY BÀI TẬP 1: CHO DẠNG ĐÚNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG NGOẶC
1 to meet
2 to try
3 to save
4 to take
5 to see
6 to stay
7 to buy
8 to eat
9 to find
10 to go
BÀI TẬP 2: CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG CHO MỖI CÂU SAU:
1 D
2 B
3 B
4 A
5 A
6 A
7 A
8 C
9 C
10 C
11 B
12 D
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ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU
A CÁC CẤU TRÚC ĐI VỚI “ TO INFINITIVE”
1 It is + adj (of sb) to do sth = Sb is adj to do sth
It is kind of you to help me
= You are kind to help me
2 TO V chỉ mục đích để làm gì
I learn TOEIC to/ in order to/ so as to get a good job
I come here to get some information
3 Thay cho mệnh đề quan hệ: The only/ The last/ The first/ The second…+ TO V
She is the only person in her village who studied abroad
She is the only person in her village to study abroad
They are the first to leave all their money to charity
Neil Amstrong was the first man to set foot on the moon
4 TOO…TO V/ ENOUGH…TO V
He is short, he can’t become a pilot
He is too short to become a pilot
He isn’t tall enough to become a pilot
5 Sau các danh từ: Ability / ambition / anxiety/ attempt/decision/ desire/ determination/
eagerness/ effort/ failure/ offer/ plan/ promise/ refusal/ wish/ willingness
This competition nurses their ambition to become successful businessmen
Cuộc thi này đã nuôi dưỡng tham vọng của họ để trở thành những người thương nhân
thành công
His failure to comply with traffic regulation led to a fine of $50
Việc anh ta không tuân theo luật lệ giao thông dẫn đến một khoản phạt $50
6 Lược bỏ bớt động từ
Why are you learning so hard?
I have to because I am having an exam tomorrow
7 Rút gọn trong lời mời
Would you like to join us tonight?
Yes, I’d love to
8 Tránh lặp lại từ
She wished to become a teacher but she wasn’t able to
I feel lonely and want someone to talk to
9 Đại từ bất định + TO V
There wasn’t anything to buy
The main thing to remember is to learn new words
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B CÁC CẤU TRÚC ĐI VỚI “ BARE INFINITIVE”
1 Dùng sau các động từ khuyết thiếu MODEL VERBS : CAN, COULD, SHOULD,…
I must speak to the manager
It might rain later
2 Had better/ would rather do sth than do= should + INF
You’d better go to bed early
I’d rather play tennis than go to the cinema
3 LET/ MAKE/ HAVE/ HELP + SB DO STH
LET SB DI STH = ALLOW/PERMIT SB TO DO= CHO PHÉP
She let me go out
= I was allowed to go out
MAKE SB DO STH
Don’t make him do too many exercises
Đừng bắt anh ta làm quá nhiều bài tập
HAVE SB DO STH = GET SB TO DO= nhờ ai làm gì
I have my brother clean the floor
HELP SB DO/TO DO STH
I help him do/ to do his homework
4 Các động từ tri giác: SEE/ HEAR/ FEEL/ WATCH/ CATCH SB DO STH
# SEE/ HEAR/ FEEL/ WATCH/ CATCH SB DOING STH
When I came into the room, I saw her reading my diary (đang đọc)
Khi tôi vào phòng, tôi bắt gặp cô ấy đang đọc nhật kí của tôi
When I was on the bus this morning, I saw a thief steal her wallet (chứng kiến trọn vẹn hành
động)
Khi tôi trên xe bus sang nay, tôi thấy một tên trộm lấy ví của cô ấy
I often hear Minh tell his stories (nghe hết các câu chuyện)
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BÀI TẬP BÀI TẬP 1: CHO DẠNG ĐÚNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG NGOẶC
1 He made me (do) it all over again
2 She can (sing) quite well
3 He will be able (swim) very soon
4 You ought (go) today It may (rain) tomorrow
5 I want (see) the house where our president was born
6 He made her (repeat) the message
7 May I (use) your phone?
8 He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't had
better (show) him
9 If you want (get)
there before dark you should (start) at once
10 I couldn't (remember)
his address
11 You'll be able (do)
it yourself when you are older
12 Would you like (go)
now or shall we (wait) till the end?
13 They won't let us (leave)
the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined
14 I used (smoke) forty cigarettes a day
15 Will you help me (move) the bookcase?
16 He wouldn't let my baby (play)
with his gold watch
17 They refused (accept) the bribe
18 Please let me (know)
your decision as soon as possible
19 He made us (wait) for hours
20 Could you (tell) me the time, please?
21 We must (send) him a telegram
22 I let him (go)
early as he wanted (meet) his wife
23 Where would you like (have) lunch?
24 You can (leave)
your dog with us if you don't (want)
(take) him with you
25 I'd like him (go) to a university but I can't (make) him
(go)
26 We could (go)
to a concert, unless you'd prefer (visit) a museum
27 You seem (know) this area very well ~Yes, I used (live) here
28 You can (take)
a horse to water but you can't (make) him
(drink)
29 It is easy (be)
wise after the event
30 If you can't (remember)
his number you'd better (look) it up
31 Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals
32 Could I (see)
Mr Pitt, please?- I'm afraid Mr Pitt isn't in Would you like
(speak) to his secretary'
BÀI TẬP 2: CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG
1 It was very kind of you me
a helping b to help c help d helped
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2 He saw them home late
a arrive b to arrive c arrived d be arriving
3 Before we leave, let’s have Shelley a map for us so we won’t get lost
a draw b to draw c drawing d drawn
4 It is possible to train across Canada
a take b to take c taking d to be taken
5 I can hear a cat at the window
a scratches b to scratch c scratching d was scratching
6 I think you mother should let you your own mind
a make up b to make up c making up d made up
7 I was delighted my old friends again
a to see b seeing c saw d be seen
8 I would rather to Elvis than The Beatles
a listen b to listen c listening d be listened
9 Can you manage the work by yourself?
a finish b to finish c finishing d finished
10 These tables were too heavy
a to move for us b for us to move c for us moving d moving for us
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KEY BÀI TẬP 1: CHO DẠNG ĐÚNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG NGOẶC
1 Do
2 Sing
3 To swim
4 To go- rain
5 To see
6 Repeat
7 Use
8 Know- to use-
show
9 To get
10 Remember
11 To do
12 To go- wait
13 Leave
14 To smoke
15 Move/ to move
16 Play
17 To accept
18 Know
19 Wait
20 Tell
21 Send
22 Go
23 To have
24 Leave- want- to take
25 To go- make- go
26 Go- to visit
27 To know- to live
28 Take- make- drink
29 To be
30 Remember- look
31 Not to feed
32 See- to speak
BÀI TẬP 2: CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG
1 B
2 B
3 A
4 B
5 C
6 A
7 A
8 A
9 B
10 B