Summary of Standard Physical and Chemical Test Methods .... Purpose The purpose of this document is to provide a source of reference methods for the physical and/or chemical testing and
Trang 1BCI Battery Technical Manual
BCIS-11
STANDARDIZED TESTING METHODS FOR POLYPROPYLENE RESIN
INTRODUCTION
Virgin and recycled polypropylene resin is used extensively in battery components including containers,
covers, vents, handles, and height adaptors Physical characteristics of the resin can affect molding and
finished part performance Extensive polypropylene testing standards have been established by
standardizing organizations, such as ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) and ISO
(International Organization for Standardization), for use in venues throughout the world Efforts by these
organizations, along with SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers), to harmonize testing methods for global
automotive applications have placed the respective standards in a state of flux at this writing To address
this condition, parallel and complimentary standards promulgated by standardizing organizations are
referenced herein
FOREWORD This document was prepared by the BCI Technical Subcommittee for Polypropylene Testing Participants have included resin suppliers, molders, and battery manufacturers TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Scope 2
1.1 Purpose: 3
1.2 Field of Application: 2
1.3 Product Classification: 2
2 References: 2
2.1 Applicable Documents: 2
2.2 Reference Sources: 5
3 Summary of Standard Physical and Chemical Test Methods 6
4 Modifications to Standard Test Methods 7
5 Revision History 8
Trang 21 SCOPE
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to provide a source of reference methods for the physical and/or chemical testing and evaluation of polypropylene resins used for all battery
applications, including containers, covers, vents, and handles
1.2 Field of Application:
Virgin and recycled polypropylene resin used for molding of battery components, including containers, covers, vents, handles, and height adapters Similar polypropylene testing methods produced by ASTM and ISO are identified and referenced below Test methods unique to a particular standard organization, but of potential value in evaluating
polypropylene for battery applications have been included Methods particularly applicable for fire retardant polypropylene have been included for resins that may be used in marine or emergency power applications It is incumbent upon the user to determine the suitability of each test method for their specific use and to report any deviations from the reference methods cited
1.3 Product Classification:
Polypropylene resin used in Flooded or VRLA battery components for SLI, marine, or
stationary applications
2 REFERENCES:
The detailed test descriptions are to be found in the reference documents listed below Copies of the applicable test methods are available from the respective standards
organizations cited below
2.1 Applicable Documents:
The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein The applicable issue of the publications will be the issue in effect on the date of publication of this document In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained ASTM References
D1238 Standard Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion
D3835 Standard Test Method for Determination of Properties of Polymeric Materials by
Means of a Capillary Rheometer D792 Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of
Plastics by Displacement D1895 Standard Test Method for Apparent Density, Bulk Factor, and Pour Ability of Plastic Materials
D955 Standard Test Method of Measuring Shrinkage from Mold Dimensions of
D638 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D256 Standard Test Method for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of
D6110 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Charpy Impact Resistance of
Notched Specimens of Plastics
Trang 3D5420 Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimen by
Means of a Striker Impacted by a Falling Weight (Gardner Impact)
D790 Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Non-Reinforced and Reinforced
Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D2290 Standard Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and
Creep-Rupture of Plastics
D648 Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural
Load In the Edgewise Position
D1525 Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics
D785 Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating
D1894 Standard Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic
Film and Sheeting
D4101 Standard Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials D3012 Standard Test Method for Thermal-Oxidative Stability of Polypropylene Using a
Specimen Rotator Within an Oven
D570 Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
D5630 Standard Test Method for Ash Content in Plastics
D1603 Standard Test Method for Carbon Black in Olefin Plastics
D4218 Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black Content in
Polyethylene Compounds By the Muffle-Furnace Technique
D3418 Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Polymers By Differential Scanning Calorimetry
D3763 Standard Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using
Load and Displacement Sensors
D543 Standard Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical
D6290 Standard Test Method for Color Determination of Plastic Pellets
E313 Standard Practice for Calculating Yellowness Indices from Instrumentally
Measured Color Coordinates
D1531 Standard Test Methods for Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) and
Dissipation Factor by Fluid Displacement Procedures
D150 Standard Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric
Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D3638 Standard Test Method for Comparative Tracking Index of Electrical Insulating
D2863 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to
Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)
ISO References
10350-1 Plastics – Acquisition and presentation of comparable single-point data, Part 1: Molding materials
1133 Plastics-Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and the melt volume-
flow rate (MVR) of thermoplastics
11443 Plastics – Determination of the fluidity of plastics using capillary and slit-die
1183 Plastics – Methods for determining density and relative density of non-cellular
60 Plastics – Determination of apparent density of material that can be poured from
a specified funnel
294-4 Plastics-Injection molding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials, Part 4:
Determination of molding shrinkage
527-2 Plastics-Determination of tensile properties Part 2: Test conditions for molding
and extrusion plastics
180 Plastics – Determination of Izod Impact strength
Trang 4179 1 Plastics – Determination of Charpy Impact properties, Part 1: Non-instrumented
178 Plastics – Determination of flexural properties
899-1 Plastics – Determination of creep behavior, Part 1: Tensile Creep
75-2 Plastics – Determination of temperature of deflection under load, Part 2: Plastics
306 Plastics – Thermoplastic materials – Determination of Vicat softening
2039-1 Plastics – Determination of Hardness, Part 1: Ball Indentation Method
2039-2 Plastics – Determination of Hardness, Part 2: Rockwell hardness
8295 Plastic Film and Sheeting – Determination of Coefficient of Friction
294-1 Plastics – Injection molding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials, Part 1:
General principles and molding of multipurpose and bar test specimens 1873-2 Plastics – Polypropylene (PP) molding and extrusion materials, Part 2:
Preparation of test specimens and determination of properties, with amendments
4577 Plastics – Polypropylene and propylene-copolymers – Determination of thermal
oxidative stability in air – Oven method
62 Plastics – Determination of water absorption
3451-1 Plastics – Determination of ash, Part 1: General Methods
6964 Polyolefin Pipes and Fittings – Determination of carbon black content by
calcinations and pyrolysis – Test method and basic specification 11357-3 Plastics – Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Part 3: Determination of
temperature and enthalpy of melting and crystallization 6603-2 Plastics – Determination of puncture impact behavior of rigid plastics, Part 2: Instrumented Impact Testing
175 Plastics – Methods of test for the determination of the effects of immersion in liquid chemicals
4599 Plastics - Determination of resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESC) –
Bent strip method 60243-1 Electrical strength of insulating materials – Test methods, Part 1: Tests at power
60112 Method for the determination of the proof and the comparative tracking indices of
solid insulating materials
UL Reference
UL Standard 94: Standard for Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances
SAE: J2642: Recommended Practices for Developing Specifications for Automotive
Thermoplastic Materials (expected release early 2004)
To obtain copies of the detailed test methods, the user should contact the referencing
organizations directly at the following addresses:
ASTM International, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, P.O Box C700, Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States, 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org
(e-mail), or through the ASTM website www.astm.org
ISO, 1, rue de Varembe, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, +41 22 749 01 11 (phone), +41
22 749 09 47 (fax), or ISO website www.iso.ch
IEC Central Office, 3, rue de Varembe, PO Box 131, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland, +41 22
919 02 11 (phone), +42 22 919 03 00 (fax) or through IEC website www.iec.ch
Trang 5SAE Automotive Headquarters, 755 W Big Beaver, Suite 1600, Troy, MI 48084, United States, Customer Service 1-877-606-7323 (U.S & Canada only), 724/776-4970 (outside U.S
& Canada), 724/776-0790 (fax), or through the SAE website www.sae.org
Underwriter’s Laboratory, Customer Service, 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, 877-854-3577 (phone), 847-407-1395 (fax), customerservice.nkb@us.ul.com (email) Alternately, UL standards may be ordered directly from COMM 2000, 1414 Brook Drive, Downers Grove, IL 60515, 888-853-3503 (phone), 630-932-7312 (fax),
www.comm-2000.com
2.3 Definitions:
The units of reporting shall be in SI units, as described in ISO 10350-1, unless an alternate is mutually agreed to between users
Trang 63 SUMMARY OF STANDARD PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TESTING METHODS
SUMMARY OF POLYPROPYLENE TEST STANDARDS
Materials: Virgin, Recycled, High Heat/Fire Retardant
MOLDING CHARACTERISTICS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Melt & Crystalization Enthalpy &
Ductile/Brittle Transition
OTHER
n/a = not applicable
Trang 74 MODIFICATIONS OF STANDARD TESTING METHODS
In addition to the standardized test methods deviations from the standard test conditions that may be unique to the battery industry are listed below
4.1 Melt Index: None
4.2 Melting Fluid Index: None
4.3 Density: None
4.4 Bulk Density: None
4.5 Pellet Form: Alternatively, the weight of a fixed number of resin pellets may be used
4.6 Molding Shrinkage: None
4.7 Tensile Yield Strength: None
4.8 Impact, Notched Izod: None
4.9 Impact, Subambient Notched Izod: None
4.10 Impact, Charpy: None
4.11 Impact, Gardner: None
4.12 Flexural Modulus: None
4.13 Flexural Creep: None
4.14 Deflection Temperature: None
4.15 Vicat Softening Temperature: None
4.16 Hardness, Rockwell R: None
4.17 Hardness, Ball Impact: None
4.18 Coefficient of Friction: None
4.19 Sample Preparation: None
4.20 Oven Oxidation: BCI 1.4.1.2 has been previously documented in this Technical Manual It
may be applied to molded parts or sections or specially molded test plaques Samples may
be suspended in the oven by stationary suspension or on open racking, provided uniform temperature distribution in the oven has been demonstrated and is maintained Suspension hangers and/or racking must not accelerate the rate of sample aging
4.21 Water Absorption: None
4.22 Ash Content: With modification ASTM D5630 may be applied to the determination of carbon
black in polypropylene
4.23 Carbon Black Content: ASTM D4218 is the preferred method of analysis based on simplicity,
speed, and applicability With modification, D4218 is applicable to recycled materials that
Trang 8normally have a relatively high background of non-combustible inorganic matter Modification
of ASTM D5630 for determination of ash content in plastics may also be used as an alternate method of analysis ASTM D1603 is a slower, more complex test method requiring the use of trichloroethylene, dry ice, and nitrogen
4.24 Melt & Crystallization Enthalpy & Temperature: ASTM methods D3417 Standard Test
Method for Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and D3418 Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures of
Polymers By Differential Scanning Calorimetry are currently accepted testing procedures At such time as ASTM may consolidate these individual methods into a single revised test method, the revised test method designation will become acceptable
4.25 Ductile/Brittle (Glass) Transition Temperature: None
4.26 Chemical Resistance: None
4.27 Metallic Impurities: Applicable methods are documented in this manual under 1.4.1.1, C-1, 2 4.28 Color: Visual standards mutually approved by supplier and customer with annual review is
an acceptable alternative
4.29 Dielectric Strength: None
4.30 Continuous Tracking Index: None
4.31 Burn Rating: None
4.32 Oxygen Index: None
5 REVISION HISTORY
This is the original publication submitted for BCI Technical Committee approval
Date of original publication: March 8, 2004 Editor(s): Glenn M Trischan
Date of submission to BCI Technical Committee for approval: January, 2004
Editor(s): Glenn M Trischan, Johnson Controls Battery Group, Inc., P.O Box 591,
Milwaukee, WI 53201, phone: 414/524-2365; fax: 414/524-2008