OReilly IMovie 6 and IDVD the missing manual may 2006 ISBN 0596527268

Until iMovie came along, editing camcorder footage on thecomputer required several thousand dollars' worth of digitizingcards, extremely complicated editing software, and the highest-hor

By David Pogue

Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: May 2006 Print ISBN-10: 0-596-52726-8 Print ISBN-13: 978-0-59-652726-6 Pages: 512

Whether you're a professional or an amateur moviemaker, this is amazing stuff But if you want to learn the full capabilities of these applications, Apple documentation won't make

the cut Instead, iMovie 6 & iDVD: The Missing Manual is the ideal third-party authority

that covers all of these changes through an objective lens This witty and entertaining guide from celebrated author David Pogue details every step of iMovie 6 and iDVD

right in on the details in a clear, concise, and understandable manner The book also

provides a firm grounding in basic film technique so that the quality of your video won't rely entirely on magic.

By David Pogue

Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: May 2006 Print ISBN-10: 0-596-52726-8 Print ISBN-13: 978-0-59-652726-6 Pages: 512

Section 5.1 Navigating Your Clips

Section 5.2 Undo, Revert, and Other Safety Nets Section 5.3 Project Trashand the Disk-Space Paradox Section 5.4 Shortening Clips by Dragging

Section 6.7 Effects: The iMovie Catalog

Section 6.8 Installing More Effects

Section 13.1 Make the Big Screen Tiny

Section 13.2 Method 1: Publishing Movies on a Mac Account Section 13.3 Posting a Movie on Your Own Web Site

Section 18.3 Uncover Your DVD Project File Section 18.4 AppleScripting iDVD

Index

Printed in Canada

Published by O'Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein HighwayNorth, Sebastopol, CA 95472

distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks Wherethose designations appear in this book, and O'Reilly Media isaware of a trademark claim, the designations are capitalized

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of thisbook, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or

unrepentant geek, Erica has never met a gadget she didn't

need Her checkered past includes run-ins with NeXT, Newton,and a vast myriad of both successful and unsuccessful

technologies When not writing, she and her geek husband

parent three adorable geeks-in-training, who regard their

parents with unrestrained bemusement Email:

About the Creative Team

Rose Cassano (cover illustration) has worked as an

independent designer and illustrator for 20 years Assignmentshave spanned everything from the nonprofit sector to corporateclientele She lives in beautiful southern Oregon, grateful for themiracles of modern technology that make living and workingthere a reality Email: cassano@highstream.net Web:

Karl Petersen (technical reviewer, co-author Appendix B) liveswith his wife, Joan, and a Collie on Bainbridge Island,

Washington, a 30-minute ferry ride from Seattle (It's the ferry

Michael Douglas runs onto in Disclosure.) A break between jobs

(including a stint in the Peace Corps and a career in insurance)gave Karl the chance to explore the first Macs, and he neverlooked back He also writes software

Teresa Noelle Roberts (copy editor) is a freelance copy editor

and proofreader, as well as a published fiction writer and poet

beaches of New England

Phil Simpson (design and layout) works out of his office in

Southbury, Connecticut, where he has had his graphic designbusiness since 1982 He is experienced in many facets of

graphic design, including corporate identity, publication design,and corporate and medical communications Email:

A special group did great favors for this project: Jim Kanter andIrene Lusztig were my video gurus and technical editors for thebook's first edition, whose hearts beat on in this one (Jim alsowrote some terrific sidebars about video equipment.) ArwenO'Reilly, Doug Graham, Charles Petzold, Phil Lefebvre, MichaelKrein, Charles Wiltgen, Sony's Yolanda Hunt-Boes, and the

members of the Mac DV discussion list

(www.themacintoshguy.com) all pitched in with small favorsand info-bits Tim Franklin expertly drafted Chapter 13

Glenn Reid, iMovie's original lead programmer, agreed to serve

as technical editor for the second and third editions of this

importantlytheir enthusiasm for the project I'm also grateful toDavid Rogelberg, my agent

Finally, thanks to Kelly, Tia, and Jeffrey, my favorite iMovie

stars, and my wife, Jennifer, who made this bookand everythingelsepossible

The Missing Manual Series

Missing Manuals are witty, superbly written guides to computerproducts that don't come with printed manuals (which is justabout all of them) Each book features a handcrafted index;cross-references to specific page numbers (not just "see

Chapter 14"); and RepKover, a detached-spine binding that letsthe book lie perfectly flat without the assistance of weights orcinder blocks

Over the years, home movies have developed a bad name, onethat's not entirely undeserved After all, you know what it's likewatching other people's camcorder footage You're held prisoner

on some neighbor's couch after dessert to witness 60

excruciating, unedited minutes of their trip to Mexico, or maybe

25 too many minutes of the baby wearing the spaghetti bowl

Deep down, most camcorder owners are aware that the viewingexperience could be improved if the video were edited down tojust the good parts They just had no idea how to accomplishthat Until iMovie came along, editing camcorder footage on thecomputer required several thousand dollars' worth of digitizingcards, extremely complicated editing software, and the highest-horsepower computer equipment available

Some clever souls tried to edit their videos by buying two VCRs,wiring them together, and copying parts of one tape onto

another That worked greatif you didn't mind the bursts of

distortion and static at each splice point and the massive

generational quality loss

You know what? Unless there was a paycheck involved, editingfootage under those circumstances just wasn't worth it Thefast-forward button on the remote was a lot easier

All of that changed when iMovie came along It certainly wasn'tthe first digital video (DV) editing software But it was the first

DV-editing software for nonprofessionals, people who have a life

outside of video editing Within six months of its release in

October 1999, iMovie had become, in words of beaming iMoviepapa (and Apple CEO) Steve Jobs, "the most popular video-editing software in the world."

Apple only fanned the flames when it released iMovie 2 in July

in successive Januaries

Note: The icon and welcome screen for iMovie 6 still say

"iMovie HD." But that's also what the previous version was

called! To avoid completely confusing you, this book refers to the iLife '06 version as iMovie 6, and the previous version as iMovie HD.

Meet iMovie

iMovie is video-editing software It grabs a copy of the raw

footage from your digital camcorder or still camera Then it letsyou edit this video easily, quickly, and creatively

iMovie is the world's least expensive version of what the

Hollywood pros call nonlinear editing software for video, just

like its much more powerful (and much more complex) rivals,like Final Cut Express ($300), Final Cut Pro ($1,000), and Avidediting suites ($100,000) The "nonlinear" part is that no tape isinvolved while you're editing There's no rewinding or fast-

forwarding; you jump instantly to any piece of footage as youput your movie together

The world of video is exploding People are giving each otherDVDs instead of greeting cards People are watching each othervia video on their Web sites People are quitting their daily-grindjobs to become videographers for hire, making money filmingweddings and creating living video scrapbooks Video, in otherwords, is fast becoming a new standard document format forthe new century

If you have iMovie and a camcorder, you'll be ready

What's New in iMovie 6

iMovie 6 represents only a light overhaul of the program, soiMovie veterans won't have a lot to learn and unlearn

Big-Ticket Features

Here's a summary of the really big improvements in iMovie 6,the ones that Apple either advertises or should:

Full-size previews When you're setting up a video effect,

title, or transition (crossfade), you used to have to previewthe results in a tiny, Triscuit-size window In iMovie 6,

though, the entire full-size Monitor window shows the

preview It loops over and over, changing its display in realtime as you fiddle with the settings of your effect

Themes A theme, in iMovie lingo, is a prefab, canned,

professional animated graphic that you can use for openingcredits, section dividers, end-of-movie "bumpers, "and so

on Actually, they're not entirely canned Each Theme

design contains big holes called drop zones that you can fill

More than one movie open at once No longer must you

close one movie project before opening another In fact, youcan have 10 of them open at once, for ease in comparingversions or copying material (or drag-and-dropping

material) between them

Audio effects iMovie 6 offers a new, sweet suite of audio-processing effects There's a graphic equalizer to bring out(or throttle back) the bass, treble, or midrange; reverb anddelay for those echoey effects; even a tool to change thepitch of someone talking, turning a man into a woman or awoman into a chipmunk

Magic iMovie When you're pressed for time, check out the

newly enhanced Magic iMoviea completely automated

movie-assembly feature You connect the camcorder,

choose the music and options you want, and then sit back(or walk away) iMovie, unattended, rewinds the tape,

creates an opening title, imports all the footage, adds

transitions between shots, backs it all up with music thatyou choose, and, if you like, hands off the result to iDVD forquick burning to disc

Time-lapse importing Now you, too, can create

spectacular PBS nature documentaries! Speed up the

blossoming of a flower, the setting of the sun, the cloudscrossing the skyby hundreds of times, so that what usuallytakes hours takes only a minute

More export offerings When your movie is finished, you

can now fire it off not only to iDVD, a QuickTime movie, a

standard-definition video (shaped roughly squarish) and hi-specify whether iMovie responds by stretching the video or

by adding black letterbox bars

Another new preference setting limits the length of eachincoming clip to, say, two minutes (or whatever you

specify)which, for complicated technical reasons described

in Chapter 5, can help you keep down the massive size ofyour projects on disk

You'll also find lots of smaller tweaks Some are unheralded butfantastic, like a revised Ken Burns effect (graceful zooming orpanning across a still photo) that slows down, rather than

speeds up, as it approaches the end Others are unheralded butless joyous, like a redesign of the main control-pane buttonsthat requires an extra click to view, say, your effect options

iDVD Changes

bonus book: iDVD 6: The Missing Manual, which constitutes

Chapters 15, 16, 17, and 18 If your Mac has a DVD burner,iDVD can preserve your movies on home-recorded DVDs thatlook and behave amazingly close to the commercial DVDs yourent from Netflix or Blockbuster

iDVD 6 is loaded with enhancements that help you make yourDVD look even more like a commercial Hollywood DVD

Widescreen DVDs Someday, high-definition DVDs will be

standard and commonplace, and iDVD will be updated tohandle high-def video As 2006and iDVD 6dawned,

however, the world was still using standard-definition DVDdiscs The ones from Hollywood, though, often come in

def TV screens For the first time, iDVD can create discswhose picture fits that widescreen TV shape

widescreen editions, cinematically shaped to fit today's hi-Magic iDVD You can drastically reduce the amount of time

you spend fiddling around in iDVD using this feature Youchoose a menu-screen design; specify which movies andslideshow photos you want to include; and click one button.iDVD creates the menu screens, chapter menus, and

slideshows automatically The result is a ready-to-burn DVDprojector a ready-to-edit one, if you choose to fine-tune theresults first

Autofill drop zones A drop zone is a placeholder in one of

Apple's dozens of menu-screen designs where you can

install your own photos or movies Now, at your option,iDVD can fill them automatically, using raw materials fromthe DVD itself

Editable map As a DVD's menu design grows more

complicated, iDVD's Map view becomes more useful It

screen

Non-Apple DVD burners At last, you can burn DVDs even

if you've bought some third-party DVD drive You can useall kinds of blank DVDs to burn on, too, including DVD-R,DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD+RW, and DVD+R DL

There are other nice touches, too A single Project Info windowshows you the status of your project, and warns you if anything

is amiss before burning (like you've got too much video to fit onone disc) New stage-by stage progress barsand even a livevideo thumbnailshow you exactly where you are in the burningprogress There are ten new menu Themes, too, five of whichare coordinated to match iMovie's new Themes More flexibilityawaits when it comes to the buttons on your menu screens,too; you have greater typeface and transition control, for

example

About This Book

Don't let the rumors fool you iMovie and iDVD may be simple,but they're not simplistic Unfortunately, many of the best

techniques aren't covered in the only "manual" you get withiLifeits electronic help screens

Part 3, Finding Your Audience, helps you take the

cinematic masterpiece on your screen to the world Even ifyou don't have the necessary gear to burn your work ontoDVD, iMovie excels at exporting your work in two differentways: back to your camcorder (from which you can play it

on TV, transfer it to your VCR, and so on) to a QuickTimemovie file (which you can burn onto a CD, post on a Webpage, or send to friends by email), or to the screen of a

video iPod This part of the book offers step-by-step

instructions for each of these methods, and also shows you

Part 4, iDVD 6, is just what you'd expect: a bonus volumededicated to the world's easiest-to-use DVD design and

burning software, written by guest author (and bestsellingdigital-video goddess) Erica Sadun It goes way, way

beyond the basics, as you'll see

menu explanation of the iMovie menu commands, a

At the end of the book, three appendixes provide a menu-by-comprehensive troubleshooting handbook, and a new mastercheat sheet of iMovie's keyboard shortcuts

About These Arrows

Throughout this book, and throughout the Missing Manual

series, you'll find sentences like this one: "Open your Home Library Preferences folder." That's shorthand for a much

longer instruction that directs you to open three nested folders

in sequence, like this: "In the Finder, choose Go Home Inyour Home folder, you'll find a folder called Library Open that.Inside the Library window is a folder called Preferences Double-click to open it, too."

Similarly, this kind of arrow shorthand helps to simplify the

business of choosing commands in menus, as shown in FigureI-1

Figure I-1 In this book, arrow notations help to simplify folder and menu instructions For

example, "Choose Dock Position on Left" is

a more compact way of saying, "From the

menu, choose Dock; from the submenu that then

Technical Notes for PAL People

If you live in the Americas, Japan, or any of 30 other countries,your camcorder, VCR, and TV record and play back a video

signal in a format that's known as NTSC Even if you've neverheard the term, every camcorder, VCR, TV, and TV station inyour country uses this same signal (The following discussiondoesn't apply to high-definition video, which is the same acrosscontinents.)

What it stands for is National Television Standards Committee,

the gang who designed this format What it means is

incompatibility with the second most popular format, which iscalled PAL (Phase Alternating Line, for the curious) In Europe,

places), everyone's equipment uses the PAL format You can'tplay an American tape on a standard VCR in Swedenunlessyou're happy with black-and-white, sometimes jittery playback

Tip: France, the former Soviet Union countries, and a few

others use a third format, known as SECAM iMovie doesn't work with SECAM gear To find out what kind of gear your

country uses, visit a Web site like

www.vidpro.org/standards.htm

Fortunately, iMovie converses fluently with both NTSC and PALcamcorders When you launch the program, it automaticallystudies the camcorder you've attached and determines its

Whether you're aware of it or not, using the NTSC standard-characterized like this:

30 frames per second A frame is one individual picture.

Flashed before your eyes at this speed, the still imagesblend into what you perceive as smooth motion

575 scan lines The electron gun in a TV tube paints the

screen with this number of fine horizontal lines

refers to the number of screen dots, or pixels, that compose one frame of image in the DV (digital video) version of the

25 frames per second Video fans claim that the lower

frame rate creates more flicker than the NTSC standard Onthe other hand, this frame rate is very close to the framerate of Hollywood films (24 frames per second) As a result,many independent filmmakers find PAL a better choice

when shooting movies they intend to convert to film

625 scan lines That's 20 percent sharper and more

detailed than NTSC The difference is especially visible onlarge-screen TVs

In fact, the same page offers an invitation for you to submitsuch corrections and updates yourself In an effort to keep thebook as up to date and accurate as possible, each time we printmore copies of this book, we'll make any confirmed correctionsyou've suggested Thanks in advance for reporting any glitchesyou find!

In the meantime, we'd love to hear your suggestions for newbooks in the Missing Manual line There's a place for that on theWeb site, too, as well as a place to sign up for free email

notification of new titles in the series

The Very Basics

You'll find very little jargon or nerd terminology in this book.You will, however, encounter a few terms and concepts that

you'll see frequently in your Macintosh life They include:

Menus The menus are the words in the lightly striped bar

at the top of your screen You can either click one of thesewords to open a pull-down menu of commands (and then

click again on a command), or click and hold the button as

you drag down the menu to the desired command (and

release the button to activate the command) Either methodworks fine

Note: Apple has officially changed what it calls the little

menu that pops up when you Control-click (or right-click)

something on the screen It's still a contextual menu, in that

clickbut it's now called a shortcut menu That term not only

matches what it's called in Windows, but it's slightly more descriptive about its function Shortcut menu is the term you'll find in this book.

Clicking This book offers three kinds of instructions that

require you to use the mouse or trackpad attached to yourMac To click means to point the arrow cursor at somethingonscreen and thenwithout moving the cursor at allpress andrelease the clicker button on the mouse (or laptop

right-click it)." That's telling you that Control-clicking will do the jobbut if you've got a two-button mouse or you've turned

on the two-button feature of the Mighty Mouse, right-clicking

When you see a shortcut like -Q (which closes the currentprogram), it's telling you to hold down the key, and, whileit's down, type the letter Q, and then release both keys.

If you've mastered this much information, you have all the

technical background you need to enjoy iMovie 6 & iDVD: The

Missing Manual.

Chapter 1: The DV Camcorder

Chapter 2: Turning Home Video into Pro Video Chapter 3: Special Event Filming

To edit video using iMovie, you must first shoot some video,

which is why the first three chapters of this book have nothing

to do with your iMovie software Instead, this book begins withadvice on buying and using a digital camcorder, getting to knowthe equipment, and adopting professional filming techniques.After all, teaching you to edit video without making sure youknow how to shoot it is like giving a map to a 16-year-old

without first teaching him how to drive

Technically speaking, you don't need a camcorder to use iMovie.You can work with QuickTime movies you find on the Web, oruse it to turn still photos into slideshows

But to shoot your own videoand that is the real fun of iMovieyou

need a digital camcorder This is a relatively new camcorder

format, one that's utterly incompatible with the VHS, S-VHS,VHS-C, or 8 mm tapes you may have filled using earlier

camcorder types

iMovie imports video directly from digital camcorders, but that

doesn't mean you can't use all your older footage; Chapter 4

offers several ways to transfer your older tapes into iMovie Butfrom this day forward, shoot all of your new footage with a

camcorder that takes MiniDV tapes At this writing, you can buy

a MiniDV camcorder for as little as $350 (See the end of thischapter for a DV buying guide.)

Tip: Selling your old camcorder eases much of the pain of

buying a DV camcorder Remember to transfer your old footage into DV format before you do so, however.

1.1.1 Why a DV Camcorder Is Worth It

A DV camcorder offers enormous advantages over previous

formats

1.1.1.1 It's smaller

the tapes inside it A MiniDV cassette (tape cartridge) is tiny, as

shown in Figure 1-1, so the camcorders are also tiny

Figure 1-1 The various sizes of tapes that today's camcorders can accept differ in size, picture quality, and cost For both home and prosumer filming, the standard-size VHS cassette (back) is nearly extinct 8 mm and Hi-8 cassettes (right) are extremely popular among people who don't have a computer to edit footage, and are very inexpensive MiniDV tapes (left), like the ones required by most DV camcorders, are more expensivebut the enormous quality improvement

Still, DV cassettes aren't perfect Most hold only 60 or 80

minutes of footage, and they're more expensive than analogtapes

As you'll soon see, however, both of these limitations quicklybecome irrelevant in the world of iMovie The whole idea is thatiMovie lets you edit your footage and then, if you like, dump itback out to the camcorder In other words, it's common iMoviepractice to delete the boring footage from DV tape #1, preserveonly the good stuff by dumping it onto DV tape #2, and thenreuse DV cassette #1 for the next shooting session

1.1.1.2 The quality is astounding

Video quality is measured in lines of resolution: the number of

tiny horizontal stripes of color the playback uses to fill your TVscreen As you can see by this table, DV quality blows everyprevious tape format out of the water (All camcorders, TVs,and VCRs have the same vertical resolution; this table

MiniDV 500

The sound quality of MiniDV and HDTV is dramatically betterthan previous formats, too In fact, it's better than CD-qualitysound, since DV camcorders record sound at 48 kHz instead of44.1 kHz (Higher means better.)

Tip: Most DV camcorders offer you a choice of sound-quality

modes: 12-bit or 16-bit The lower quality setting is designed to leave "room" on the tape for adding music after you've recorded your video But avoid it like the plague! If you shoot your video

in 12-bit video, your picture will gradually drift out of sync with your audio trackif you plan to save your movie to a DVD.

smoothness of color tone Once you've made a copy of a copy,

the quality is terrible Skin appears to have a combination ofbad acne and radiation burns, the edges of the picture wobble

as though leaking off the glass, and video noise (jiggling static

dots) fills the screen If you've ever seen, on the news or

America's Funniest Home Videos, a tape submitted by an

Digital video is stored on the tape as computer codes, not aspulses of magnetic energy You can copy this video from DVcamcorder to DV camcorder, or from DV camcorder to Mac,dozens of times, making copies of copies of copies The lastgeneration of digital video will be utterly indistinguishable fromthe original footagewhich is to say, both will look fantastic

Note: Technically speaking, you can't keep making copies of

copies of a DV tape infinitely After, say, 20 or 30 generations,

you may start to see a few video dropouts (digital-looking

specks), depending on the quality of your tapes and duplicating equipment Still, few people have any reason to make that

The answer, as it turns out, was: not very long Depending onstorage conditions, the signal on traditional videotapes maybegin to fade in as little as ten years! The precious footage ofthat birth, wedding, or tornado, which you had hoped to

preserve forever, could in fact be more fleeting than the

memory itself

Your first instinct might be to rescue a fading video by copying

it onto a fresh tape, but making a copy only further damages

way to preserve original video footage forever!

Fortunately, there is now DV tapes may deteriorate over a

decade or two, just as traditional tapes do But you won't care.Long before the tape has crumbled, you'll have transferred themost important material to a new hard drive or a new DV tape

or to a DVD Because quality never degrades when you do so,you'll glow with the knowledge that your grandchildren and

their grandchildren will be able to see your movies with every

speck of clarity you see todayeven if they have to dig up one ofthose antique "Macintosh" computers or gigantic, soap-sized

suite; doing so in 1995 required a $4,000 computer with $4,000worth of digitizing cards and editing softwareand the qualitywasn't great because it wasn't DV.)

press the fast-forward button when showing your footage to

family, friends, co-workers, and clients There won't be any dull

footage worth skipping, because you'll have deleted it on theMac

Tip: Before you get nervous about the hours you'll have to

spend editing your stuff in iMovie, remember that there's no

particular law that every video must have crossfades, scrolling credits, and a throbbing music soundtrack Yes, of course, you

can make movies on iMovie that are as slickly produced as

commercial films; much of this book is dedicated to helping you achieve that standard But many people dump an entire DV

cassette's worth of footage onto the Mac, chop out the boring bits, and dump it right back onto the camcorderonly about 20 minutes' worth of work after the transfer to the Mac.

1.1.2 What's It Good For?

If you're reading this book, you probably already have someideas about what you could do if you could make professional-looking video Here are a few possibilities that may not haveoccurred to you All are natural projects for iMovie:

Home movies Plain old home moviescasual documentaries

of your life, your kids' lives, your school life, your tripsarethe single most popular creation of camcorder owners

Using the suggestions in the following chapters, you canimprove the quality of your footage Using a DV camcorder,you'll improve the quality of the picture and sound And

using iMovie, you can delete all but the best scenes (andedit out those humiliating parts where you walked for 20

makers of short movies (More on this topic is coming up in

Chapter 13.)

Business videos It's very easy to post video on the

Internet or burn it onto a cheap, recordable CD or DVD, asdescribed in Part 3 As a result, you should consider video auseful tool in whatever you do If you're a realtor, blow

away your rivals (and save your clients time) by showingmovies, not still photos, of the properties you represent Ifyou're an executive, quit boring your comrades with

Just-for-fun projects Never again can anyone over the

age of eight complain that there's "nothing to do." Set themloose with a camcorder and the instruction to make a fakerock video, commercial, or documentary

Training films If there's a better use for video than

providing how-to instruction, you'd be hard-pressed to

name it Make a video for new employees to show them theropes Make a video that accompanies your product to give

a humanizing touch to your company and help the customermake the most of her purchase Make a tape that teachesnewcomers how to play the banjo, grow a garden, kick afootball, use a computer programand market it

Interviews You're lucky enough to live in an age where

you can manipulate video just as easily as you do words in

a word processor Capitalize on this fact Create family

histories Film relatives who still remember the War, theBirth, the Immigration Or create a time-capsule, time-lapsefilm: Ask your kid or your parent the same four questionsevery year on his birthday (such as, "What's your greatestworry right now?" or "If you had one wish…?" or "Where doyou want to be in five years?") Then, after five or ten ortwenty years, splice together the answers for an

enlightening fast-forward through a human life

Broadcast segments Want a taste of the real world? Call

your cable TV company about its public-access channels.(As required by law, every cable company offers a channel

or two for ordinary citizens to use for their own

programming.) Find out the time and format restraints, andthen make a documentary, short film, or other piece foractual broadcast Advertise the airing to everyone you

Analyze performances There's no better way to improve

your golf swing, tennis form, musical performance, or publicspeaking style than to study footage of yourself If you're ateacher, camp counselor, or coach, film your students,