link full download test bank for microbiology with diseases by body system 3rd edition by bauman

Answer: C Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases 6 Toxic shock-like syndrome is associated with Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge Section: Bacterial Cardio

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Chapter 21 Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

21.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Which of the following vessels carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

A) the aorta

B) the superior vena cava

C) the inferior vena cava

D) the pulmonary arteries

Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge

Section: Structure of the Cardiovascular System

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3) Blood is found in which of the following areas of the heart just before it is pumped into the lungs?

A) the left ventricle

B) the right atrium

C) the right ventricle

D) the superior vena cava

E) the left atrium

4) Which of the following types of bacterial toxins is associated exclusively with Gram-negative bacteria?

A) endotoxin

B) cytotoxin

C) neurotoxin

D) both endotoxin and cytotoxin

E) both cytotoxin and neurotoxin

Answer: A

5) Infection of the lymphatic vessels is known

as A) disseminated intravascular coagulation

B) bacteremia

C) lymphangitis

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E) recurrent fever

Answer: C

Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

6) Toxic shock-like syndrome is associated with

7) A person is brought to the emergency room with constant high fever, extensive edema, low blood pressure, and petechiae Which of the following may the person be suffering from?

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8) Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a complication of which of the following?

10) Unprotected contact with the bodily fluids of an infected animal may result

in A) African sleeping sickness

B) brucellosis

C) blackwater fever

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E) toxoplasmosis

Answer: B

11) The chief diagnostic sign of brucellosis is

A) petechiae

B) jaundice

C) “bull’s eye” rash

D) fever which recurs at 24 hour intervals

E) fever which cycles every 72 hours

Answer: D

12) Which of the following statements concerning Francisella is FALSE?

A) It resists phagocytosis

B) Humans are its only known

host C) It is extremely infectious

D) It cannot be treated with penicillins or

cephalosporins E) An attenuated vaccine is used for

high-risk individuals Answer: B

13) Francisella can be transmitted by all of the following EXCEPT

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A) a tick bite

B) direct contact with an infected animal

C) consumption of infected meat

D) aerosols produced during animal slaughter

E) direct contact with an infected person

Answer: E

Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension

Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases 14) The causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague is

15) Which of the following is characteristic of Yersinia pestis

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16) Which of the following is a means by which Borrelia burgdorferi evades the

body’s defenses?

A) It has a polysaccharide capsule

B) It has manganese-containing enzymes

C) It is capable of antigenic variation

D) It has a polysaccharide capsule and antiphagocytic proteins

E) It is capable of antigenic variation and has manganese-containing enzymes

17) A bull’s-eye rash is associated with infections of which of the following?

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B) Burkitt’s lymphoma

C) Hodgkin’s lymphoma

D) chronic fatigue syndrome

E) oral hairy leukoplakia

Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

20) “Black vomit” is associated with which of the following diseases?

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21) Infection with which of the following species of Plasmodium is most likely to

E) All of these can cause a fatal infection

Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

22) Schizogony is an important aspect of which of the following

23) Dengue hemorrhagic fever is actually

A) an immediate immune reaction to the initial infection with dengue virus B) an antibody-antigen complex reaction

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C) a hyperimmune response to reinfection with dengue virus

D) an autoimmune disease

E) the chronic carrier state associated with dengue virus

infection Answer: C

24) A young woman develops a fever after a recent trip to a Caribbean island She also experiences severe headache and pain “in the bones.” After a few days, she also develops a rash Which of the following did she most likely contract?

A) yellow fever virus

Bloom’s Rank: Application

25) Which of the following is transmitted by Aedes

mosquitoes? A) dengue fever

B) yellow fever

C) malaria

D) both dengue fever and yellow fever

E) dengue fever, yellow fever, and malaria

Answer: D

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26) A large number of people experience a high fever with a rash during the summer months in a small country Epidemiologists suspect an emerging disease

Both Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes are endemic to the country Researchers

are able to detect +ssRNA in the blood of fever victims and in some mosquitoes What type of pathogen might be responsible for the epidemic?

27) Which of the following is known to be

teratogenic? A) Epstein-Barr virus

28) Ebola hemorrhagic fever is caused by which of the following virus types?

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30) Which of the following is the infective form of Trypanosoma cruzi?

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Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases 31) Historically, physicians have used a procedure called xenodiagnosis to diagnose which of the following diseases?

33) Which of the following statements concerning Toxoplasma infection is

correct? A) It is a rare infection

B) It is transmitted by biting insects

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C) It is typically contracted by eating undercooked meat

D) Freshwater snails are intermediate hosts

E) In most individuals, the infection results in lasting damage to the heart Answer: C

Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases 34) Microscopic identification of its spiny eggs is used in the diagnosis of infections caused by

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36) Another name for brucellosis is

37) The normal hosts for Ebola viruses are

38) An indication of infection with Human herpesvirus 4 is

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E) an ulcerating sore

Answer: D

39) Which of the following diseases is currently vaccine-preventable in

40) A young man who is an avid outdoorsman goes to see his doctor complaining of fever with chills, headache, nausea, and diarrhea Blood tests show that he has low levels of leukocytes and platelets He may have contracted

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abdomen is swollen, and blood tests indicate kidney damage A stool sample is examined under a microscope and found to contain eggs with a spine projecting from its surface The indications are consistent with infection with

21.2 True/False Questions

1) Lipid A causes disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Answer: TRUE

2) Only adult ticks of the genus Ixodes may feed on humans

Answer: FALSE

3) Small doses of antimicrobial drugs are effective in treatment of the late

stages of Borrelia infection because the microbe is extremely susceptible

Answer: FALSE

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4) The terms “bacteremia” and “septicemia” are synonymous

Answer: FALSE

5) Patients with occult septicemia are asymptomatic

Answer: FALSE

6) The three developmental stages of Ehrlichia are the elementary body, the

initial body, and the morula

7) Human herpesvirus 4 is better known as

cytomegalovirus Answer: FALSE

8) Neither bubonic nor pneumonic plague can be spread from person to person Answer: FALSE

9) Vertical transmission of cytomegalovirus may occur in utero or at the time

of vaginal birth

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10) Episodes of malaria become more and more severe with each recurrence

of symptoms

21.3 Short Answer Questions

1) The release of bacterial toxins into the blood leads to

Answer: toxemia

2) Bacterial infection of the membrane lining the heart chambers and covering the valves is called

3) When bacteria in the bloodstream invade the bones, this leads to a

painful condition called

4) Undulant fever is also known as

Answer: brucellosis

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5) Historically, occurred in three great pandemics; the most notable one occurred in 14th-century Europe

Answer: plague

6) One of the factors leading to the initial characterization of Lyme disease in

1975 was the greater-than-expected incidence of among children Answer: arthritis

7) Because of their small size, of the tick genus Ixodes most often

transmit Lyme disease to humans

Answer: nymphs

8) Epstein-Barr virus causes the cells it infects to become immortal because

it suppresses

Answer: apoptosis

9) Cytomegalovirus infection of the retina is now treated with , the first antisense RNA drug

Answer: fomivirsin

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10) Yellow fever is named for the jaundice caused by the disease’s damage to the

Answer: liver

11) The genus includes dengue virus and yellow fever virus (Be sure to use capital letters appropriately.)

Answer: Flavivirus

12) Depletion of clotting proteins from the serum leads to the uncontrollable hemorrhaging seen in virus and Marburg virus infections (Be sure to use capital letters appropriately.)

Answer: Ebola

13) The sporogonic cycle of takes place entirely within a

mosquito Answer: malaria

14) Another name for Chagas’ disease is American

Answer: trypanosomiasis

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15) True bugs in the genus transmit Chagas’ disease (Be sure to use capital letters appropriately.)

Answer: Triatoma

21.4 Essay Questions

1) Explain the difference between bacteremia and septicemia, and describe some

of the factors that can lead to septicemia

Answer: Septicemia is a microbial infection of the blood that causes disease Although the terms bacteremia and septicemia are sometimes used interchangeably, bacteremia technically refers to septicemia caused by bacteria in the bloodstream The signs and symptoms of bacteremia and septicemia are essentially the same, and both can lead to adverse consequences such as toxemia, lymphangitis, or septic shock To be able to cause these problems, the bacteria involved in septicemia may possess capsules, have the ability to capture iron from the host’s tissues, and/or release a variety of

endotoxins that ultimately damage host cells and tissues

2) Compare and contrast bubonic and pneumonic plague

Answer: Both bubonic and pneumonic plague are caused by Yersinia pestis and are

transmitted by fleas that migrate between animal hosts and humans However, pneumonic plague is generally much more serious than bubonic plague, develops more rapidly, and is more often fatal than bubonic plague In addition, pneumonic

plague can occur when Yersinia pestis is inhaled, so it can be transmitted from

person to person Bubonic plague is transmitted only by infected fleas Treatment and prevention of both diseases are similar: plague is easily treated by common antibiotics such as tetracycline, and prevention involves rodent and flea control, as well as good personal hygiene

Bloom’s Rank: Analysis

3) List and describe the three stages of malaria, paying attention to the

various forms of the protozoan parasite present in each stage of the disease

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occurs in mosquitoes The human stages begin with the exoerythrocytic cycle, when mosquitoes inject sporozoites into the bloodstream These sporozoites reproduce

in the liver to form merozoites, which are released into the blood Merozoites then penetrate red blood cells and launch the second human stage, which is the

erythrocytic cycle The merozoites become trophozoites inside red blood cells, and these trophozoites can, in turn, reproduce to become more merozoites, which

spontaneously lyse the erythrocytes, causing the characteristic cycles of fever and chills associated with malaria Other merozoites develop into gametocytes, which

can be ingested by the female Anopheles mosquito to launch the third cycle, the

sporogonic cycle These gametocytes go through a process of sexual reproduction inside the mosquito, eventually resulting in the formation of sporozoites once again These sporozoites migrate to the mosquito’s salivary glands, and the malaria cycle begins all over again

4) Compare and contrast dengue hemorrhagic fever and Ebola hemorrhagic

fever Discuss both the pathogens and the pathology

Answer: Both diseases are caused by RNA viruses Both start with fever, headache and muscle pain, then a rash develops, followed by bleeding There is no specific treatment for either disease and no vaccines are available to prevent them

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is caused by a member of the Flaviviridae, a +ssRNA virus with an icosahedral capsid It is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes A first infection

with dengue virus does not lead to the hemorrhagic disease, but it is subsequent infection that produces the hemorrhagic disease Memory T cells produced in

response to the first infection are activated upon subsequent infection and release inflammatory cytokines that trigger a hyperimmune response that results in

damage to blood vessels, internal bleeding, and may progress to shock from

excessive blood loss

Ebola viruses are filamentous —ssRNA Filoviridae whose natural hosts are

thought to be bats Humans become infected when handling an infected animal, after which the virus can be transmitted from person to person by unprotected contact with blood and other bodily fluids Ebola virus infection initially triggers excessive clotting which results in depletion of clotting factors, which in turn leads

to extensive internal hemorrhaging Death results from massive shock and kidney failure

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