chapter0 new luong duc long Kết cấu thép 1

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Chapter 0 Introduction

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Source : O Mon Thermal Power Plant Project

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0.1 The construction industry

0.2 The construction process

0.3 Codes and regulations

0.4 Construction cost

0.5 Construction management

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1 THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

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Increased rate of GDP from 1995-2011

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Gross value of

construction/GDP 1995-2011

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Increased rate of Gross value of construction1995-2011

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• Construction is a important industry The price of every factory, office building, hotel or power plant must be charged for the goods or services

produce in it or by it (from “More Construction for the Money”, Summary Report of the

Construction Industry Cost Effective Project,

January, 1983, cited in “Project Management for Construction” by Hendrickson C., 2008)

THE CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY

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THE CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY

• The construction industry is one of the largest industries

• Construction is an exciting, dynamic

process which often provides high

income for workers and contractors

• The technical aspect of construction is extremely important, it is also essential that construction professionals have

knowledge of the business and

management

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Construction Contractors

• Construction contractor: a person or a

company who has agreed to perform a defined scope of work in accordance with the contract documents and terms of the contract

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General Contractor and

Specialty Contractor

range of construction activities and

execute most major construction

projects

to one or more construction specialties, such as foundation work, electrical work, plumbing, heating and ventilating,

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Subcontractors &

Prime contractors

• Prime contractor: contracts directly with the owner for the entire job

• Subcontractor: contracts with the prime

contractor for part of the work

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1.

a Chủ đầu tư （EVN, CTTP)

Owner Electricity of Vietnam, Can Tho

MHI Thiết kế, TOA Thi công

O Mon Thermal Power Plant Project

Dự án Nhà máy Nhiệt Điện Ô Môn 1

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Construction Industry

Divisions

The major divisions of the construction industry consist of:

• building construction ("vertical construction")

− residential and nonresidential

• heavy construction ("horizontal construction").

− highways, bridges, airports, railroad,

canals, harbours, dams, and other major

public works.

• industrial construction

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Source: http://dddn.com.vn/2011112109486358cat111/thong-xe-duong-ham-dim-dai-nhat-dong-nam-a.htm

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2 THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

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Phases of construction project

Design – Procurement - Construction

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or Owner management of construction

2 Construction by a general contractor

3 Construction using a design/build(turnkey)

contract

4 Construction utilizing a construction

management contract

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2.1 Construction employing owner construction forces.

Many large industrial

organizations and

governmental agencies:

possess their own construction

forces.

• these forces are utilized

primarily for performing repair,

maintenance, and alteration

work,

• they are often capable of

undertaking new construction

Owner

Construction staff

Project manager

Construction forces

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2.2 Owner management of construction

• Owners utilize their construction

staffs to manage their new

construction

• The work may be carried out by:

– workers hired directly by the

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2.3 Construction using a design/build (turnkey) contract

• an owner contracts with a

firm to both design and

build a facility meeting

certain specified

• frequently utilized by

construction firms that

specialize in a particular

type of construction and

possess standard designs

which they modify to suit

the owner's needs

Owner

Subcontractors

Construction work force Design/build

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– coordination problems are minimized – construction can begin before

completion of final design

• the difficulty of obtaining competition between suppliers and

• the complexity of evaluating their

proposal

2.3 Construction using a

design/build (turnkey) contract

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2.4 Construction utilizing a construction management contract

• A professional

construction manager

(CM) acts as the

owner's agent to direct

both the design and

construction of a facility

• Three separate

contracts are awarded

by the owner for design,

Construction manager

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1.

a Chủ đầu tư （EVN, CTTP)

Owner Electricity of Vietnam, Can Tho

O Mon Thermal Power Plant Project

Dự án Nhà máy Nhiệt Điện Ô Môn 1

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3 CODES AND REGULATIONS

• Projects constructed must comply with a number of governmental regulations

– These include building codes, zoning regulations, environmental

regulations, safety regulations and contractor licensing laws, among others.

TCVN 4447-2012 Earthworks – Codes for Construction, Check and Acceptance

ASTM D 698 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effect

BS 6031 Code of Practice for Earthworks

AS 1379-2007 Specification and supply of concrete

BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE (ACI 318-05) AND COMMENTARY (ACI 318R-05)

TCVN 4453-1995 Concrete works – Codes for Construction, Check and Acceptance

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4 Reducing Construction cost

• Some of the best opportunities for construction cost savings

occur in the design process even before construction begins

Some design factors for reducing costs include the use of

modular dimensions, grouping plumbing and other equipment

to minimize piping and conduit runs, incorporating

prefabricated components and assemblies, utilizing economical materials, and employing new technology

• Injecting constructability considerations into the design process

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Reducing Construction Costs

Some ways in which productivity can be

increased and costs minimized during

construction:

– Good work planning

– Carefully selecting and training workers and managers.– Efficiently scheduling labor, materials, and equipment.– Properly organizing work

– Using laborsaving techniques, such as prefabrication and preassembly

– Minimizing rework through timely quality control

– Preventing accidents through good safety procedures

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5 CONSTRUCTION

MANAGEMENT

• Elements of Construction Management

• Quality Management

• Safety and Health

• Organization for Construction

• Reasons for Construction Company Failure

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CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

• Elements of Construction Management

– Construction management: the act of managing the

construction process

– The construction manager: manages the basic resources

of construction (include workers, subcontractors,

equipment, material, money and time)

– The resource include workers and subcontractors,

equipment and construction plant, material, money

(income, expenditure, and cash flow) and time

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CONSTRUCTION

MANAGEMENT

• Elements of Construction

Management

- Skillful construction management

results in project completion on time and within budget

- Scope of construction management: construction contracts, construction

methods and materials, production

and cost estimating, progress and cost control, quality control and safety

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CONSTRUCTION

MANAGEMENT

• Elements of Construction Management

– Poor construction management:

• Project delays increase labor/equipment cost, cost of borrowed funds

• High material costs

• Increased subcontractor cost and poor relations

• High insurance cost

• Low profit or a loss on construction volume

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Elements of Construction

Management

• Skillful construction management results

in project completion on time and within

budget

• Scope of construction management:

construction contracts, construction

methods and materials, production and

cost estimating, progress and cost control, quality control and safety

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• Quality Management

– All construction project steps must be taken to ensure thatthe constructed project meets the requirement established

by the designer in the project drawings and specifications

– More recently, the term quality management (QM) andQuality Assurance (QA) have been adopted to include allaspects of producing and accepting a construction projectwhich meets all required quality standards

– Quality management includes such activities as specificationdevelopment, process control, product acceptance,laboratory and technician certification, training andcommunication

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• Quality control (QC) which is a part of the quality management process, is

primarily concerned with the process control function

quality control so that quality control is most effective.

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• In recent years, there has been increasing use of statistics-based methods for quality assurance when the results of all

construction process are products which vary over some

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• Safety and Health

- Construction is inherently a dangerous process

- The following construction operations have been found to

account for the majority of serious construction injuries:

• Concrete construction, especially construction of formwork,

placing concrete into formwork, and failure of formwork during

construction.

• The erection of prefabricated trusses, precast concrete

elements, and structural steel.

• The construction and operation of temporary facilities including scaffolding, construction plants, lifts and storage facilities.

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FIGURE 1-10 Representative construction company organization chart.

• Organization for Construction

(There are probably as many different forms)

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– Poor cost estimating

– Inadequate cost accounting

– Lack of general management

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The tower crane collapsed at the office

building construction site 72-74 NTMK

St on 27 Dec 2007, 3

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Source: OSHA

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