Tự học Java từ cơ bản đến nâng cao Slide Tiếng Anh

Bài giảng Slide được biên soạn rất đầy đủ , phù hợp cho mọi người , những ai đã nắm chắc lập trình hướng đối tượng thì học java khá đơn giản . Tài liệu bao gồm : + Lịch sử Java và cách cài đặt + Lập trình hướng đối tượng trong Java + Tìm hiểu các hàm , các lệnh trong Java + Bài tập về java mọi chủ điểm + Thư viện + Cách làm web trong java + Một số dự án cơ bản trong java

JAVA CORE

• Overview and setup

• Rule & syntax

• Object and Classes

OVERVIEW AND SETUP

JAVA – OVERVIEW

• Java programming language was originally developed by Sun Microsystems

• Java built to suit various types of platforms

– For example: J2EE for Enterprise Applications, J2ME for Mobile Applications

• The latest release of the Java Standard Edition is Java SE 9

• Java is guaranteed to be Write Once, Run Anywhere.

JAVA – OVERVIEW

• In Java, everything is an Object Java can be easily extended since it is based on the Object model

• Java is Platform Independent

– This byte code is run in the Virtual Machine (JVM)

• Java is designed to be easy to learn If you understand the basic concept of OOP Java,

it would be easy to master

HOW DOES IT WORK?

• Download and install

– http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloa

ds-2133151.html

• Setting Up the Path for Windows

• Assuming you have installed Java in c:\Program Files\java\jdk directory

• Right-click on 'My Computer' and select 'Properties'

• Click the 'Environment variables' button under the 'Advanced' tab

• Now, alter the 'Path' variable so that it also contains the path to the Java

executable Example, if the path is currently set to 'C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32',

then change your path to read 'C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32;c:\Program Files\java\jdk\bin'

HOW TO SETUP?

• Open command line and enter:

java –version

HOW TO SETUP?

• Setup path JAVA_HOME

• Create new file with path

E:\training\javacore\helloword\Helloworld.java

• Open file with notepath ++ or any java editor

• Write this codes:

public class Helloworld {

/* This is my first java program

* This will print 'Hello World‘ as the output */

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Hello, World"); // prints Hello World

}

}

FIRST JAVA PROGRAM

• Open command line and type

javac Helloworld.java

→ Java Will complier and generate Helloworld.class

FIRST JAVA PROGRAM

• Type 'java Helloworld' to run your program

• You will be able to see ' Hello, World ' printed on the window

FIRST JAVA PROGRAM

• Try to print your name to console

• Try to print 7+6*9=?

RULE & SYNTAX

CLASS, METHODS, INSTANCE VARIABLES,

OBJECT

BASIC RULE

• Case Sensitivity: Hello and hello would have different meaning in Java

• Class Names: For all class names the first letter should be in Upper Case If several words are

used to form a name of the class, each inner word's first letter should be in Upper Case.

– Example: class MyFirstJavaClass

• Method Names: All method names should start with a Lower Case letter If several words are

used to form the name of the method, then each inner word's first letter should be in Upper Case.

– Example: public void myMethodName()

BASIC RULE

• Program File Name − Name of the program file should exactly match the class name.

When saving the file, you should save it using the class name (Remember Java is case sensitive) and append '.java' to the end of the name (if the file name and the class name do not match, your program will not compile).

– Example: Assume 'MyFirstJavaProgram' is the class name Then the file should

be saved as 'MyFirstJavaProgram.java'

• public static void main(String args[]) − Java program processing starts from the main()

method which is a mandatory part of every Java program.

JAVA IDENTIFIERS

• Names used for classes, variables, and methods are called identifiers.

JAVA IDENTIFIERS

• All identifiers should begin with a letter (A to Z or a to z), currency character ($) or an underscore (_)

– Example: $salary, _value, 1_value.

• After the first character, identifiers can have any combination of characters

• A key word cannot be used as an identifier

• Most importantly, identifiers are case sensitive

– Examples of legal identifiers: age, $salary, _value, 1_value.

– Examples of illegal identifiers: 123abc, -salary.

JAVA MODIFIERS(quyen truy cap)

• Like other languages, it is possible to modify classes, methods, etc., by using modifiers

• Access Modifiers − default, public , protected, private

• Non-access Modifiers − final, abstract, strictfp

JAVA MODIFIERS

• Access Modifiers − default, public , protected, private

JAVA VARIABLES

• Local Variables(bien nam trong Phuong thuc)

• Class Variables (Static Variables)

• Instance Variables (Non-static Variables)

JAVA VARIABLES

• Declare variable:

– data type variable [ = value][, variable [ = value] ] ;

JAVA VARIABLES

JAVA COMMENTS 

• Create Student Class has name, age and gender

• Create 3 student:

– Student 1: name Dave, as boy and 6 age

– Student 2: name Join, as boy and 7 age

– Student 3: name Juli, as girl and 6 age

• Print the info 3 student to console

• Add static variable studentNumber start is 1

• Increase each create new Student

• Create 3 student:

– Student 1: name Dave, as boy and 6 age

– Student 2: name Join, as boy and 7 age

– Student 3: name Juli, as girl and 6 age

• Print student Number after add 3 student

• Design program has

– 2 ClassRoom

• ClassRoom1 has 3 student on lab1

– Student 1: name Dave, as boy and 6 age

– Student 2: name Join, as boy and 7 age

– Student 3: name Juli, as girl and 6 age

• ClassRoom2 has 2 student

– Student 1: name Jame, as boy and 6 age

– Student 2: name Mary, as girl and 7 age

GIT

• Using git practice:

• To init and get code from github

git init

git clone https://github.com/thanhtrantv/Javacore.git

• To get code using command:

git pull

• To reset code to newest

git reset –hard origin/master

OBJECT AND CLASSES

WHAT IS CLASS, OBJECT?

• Object − Objects have states and behaviors Example: A dog has states

- color, name, breed as well as behaviors – wagging the tail, barking,

eating An object is an instance of a class

• Class − A class can be defined as a template/blueprint that describes the

behavior/state that the object of its type support

OBJECT IN JAVA

• If we consider the real-world, we can find many objects around us, cars, dogs, humans, etc All these objects have a state and a behavior

• If we consider a dog, then its

– state is - name, breed, color,

– and the behavior is - barking, wagging the tail, running.

• If you compare the software object with a real-world object, they have very similar characteristics

• A software object's state is stored in fields and behavior is shown via methods

CONSTRUCTORS

• Each time a new object is created, at least one constructor will be

invoked The main rule of constructors is that they should have the same name as the class A class can have more than one constructor

CONSTRUCTORS

• Every class has a least of constructor

• If we do not explicitly write a constructor for a class, the Java compiler builds a default constructor for that class

public Puppy(String name) {

// This constructor has one parameter, name

}

}

CREATING AN OBJECT

• There are three steps when creating an object from a class

– Declaration − A variable declaration with a variable name with an

object type

– Instantiation − The 'new' keyword is used to create the object.

– Initialization − The 'new' keyword is followed by a call to a

constructor This call initializes the new object

CREATING AN OBJECT

• Example:

public class Puppy {

public Puppy(String name) {

// This constructor has one parameter, name

System.out.println("Passed Name is :" + name );

}

public static void main(String []args) {

// Following statement would create an object myPuppy Puppy myPuppy = new Puppy( "tommy" );

}

}

ACCESSING INSTANCE VARIABLES AND METHODS

• Instance variables and methods are accessed via created

objects

• To access an instance variable, following is the fully qualified path

• Design Class with below describe:

– A dog has :

• states - color, name, breed

• behaviors – wagging the tail, barking, eating

• Design Class with below describe:

– Teacher with state is name, age, subject and the behavior is teaching

– Subject with state is name, classId

– We can create teacher with name and age

– We can create teacher with subject(class)

– We can create Subject with name

– → print to console info:

– Teacher Tam teaching Mathematics for Class 1

• Design Class with below describe:

– Same lab2 Teacher and Subject

– Student with name, age and behavior is learning

→ the teacher will teaching a Subject

→ the student will learning some Subject(array)

DATA TYPES

WHAT IS DATA TYPES AVAILABLE IN JAVA?

• There are two data types available in Java

– Primitive Data Types

– Reference/Object Data Types

PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES

• There are eight primitive data types supported by Java

• byte

– Example: byte a = 100, byte b = -50

– Minimum value is -128 (-2^7)

– Maximum value is 127 (inclusive)(2^7 -1)

– Byte data type is an 8-bit

PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES

• short

– Short data type is a 16-bit

– Minimum value is -32,768 (-2^15)

– Maximum value is 32,767 (inclusive) (2^15 -1)

– Example: short s = 10000, short r = -20000

PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES

• int

– Int data type is a 32-bit

– Minimum value is - 2,147,483,648 (-2^31)

– Maximum value is 2,147,483,647(inclusive) (2^31 -1)

– Example: int a = 100000, int b = -200000

PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES

• long

– Long data type is a 64-bit

– Minimum value is -9,223,372,036,854,775,808(-2^63)

– Maximum value is 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (inclusive)(2^63 -1)

– Example: long a = 100000L, long b = -200000L

PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES

PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES

• double

– double data type is a double-precision 64-bit

– Example: double d1 = 123.4

PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES

• boolean

– boolean data type represents one bit of information

– Default value is false

– Example: boolean one = true

JAVA - WRAPPER CLASS

• Normally, when we work with Numbers, we use primitive data types such

as byte, int, long, double, etc

• However, in development, we come across situations where we need to use objects instead of primitive data types In order to achieve this, Java

provides wrapper classes.

JAVA - ARRAYS

• Java provides a data structure, the array, which stores a fixed-size

sequential collection of elements of the same type

JAVA - ARRAYS

• Create Job class with

– Job type is string

– Job name is string

– → Employee working a job

– → all parameter is private and using get set

• Using class on lab1

• The company has the jobs(HR, Developer, CEO, Tester, BA)

• Build a program to enter 5 employee for the company then show the info to console

OPERATOR, DECISION MAKING,

LOOP

CONDITIONAL OPERATOR ( ? : )

• variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false

THE LOGICAL OPERATORS

• Assume Boolean variables A holds true and variable B holds false

THE ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS

THE RELATIONAL OPERATORS

DECISION MAKING

• Decision making structures have one or more conditions to be evaluated or tested by the program,

• along with a statement or statements that are to be executed if the condition is

determined to be true, and optionally, other statements to be executed if the

condition is determined to be false

DECISION MAKING

IF-ELSE STATEMENT

• Syntax

SWITCH STATEMENT

• Syntax

SWITCH STATEMENT

• Diagram

SWITCH STATEMENT

• Example

• Create class employee(name, age, job is string,salary,department)

• Build a program to enter 5 employee for the company then show the info

to console

• If employee job is ‘developer’ will put department is ‘development’

• If employee job is ‘tester’ will put department is ‘QA’

• If not -> will put department is ‘master’

• while Loop in java

• for loop in java

• do while loop in java

WHILE LOOP IN JAVA

FOR LOOP IN JAVA

DO WHILE LOOP IN JAVA

INHERITANCE OVERRIDING POLYMORPHISM ABSTRACTION ENCAPSULATION INTERFACES PACKAGES

INHERITANCE

WHAT IS INHERITANCE?

HOW TO WRITE INHERITANCE ON JAVA?

• extends is the keyword used to inherit the properties of a class

• Using instanceof keyword to check determine actually type class

• Invoking Superclass Constructor using super(values);

• Create same image example above slide

• Animal has name, age

• Write main class and create new Tiger, Dog, Elephant, Parrot

• Assign the name and age of each animal

OVERRIDING

WHAT IS OVERRIDING?

• In object-oriented terms, overriding means to override the functionality of an existing method

HOW TO WRITE OVERRIDING ON JAVA?

• Using @Override on java8

• Using super keyword to call parent function from child

• A method declared final cannot be overridden

• If a method cannot be inherited, then it cannot be overridden

LAB2

POLYMORPHISM

WHAT IS POLYMORPHISM?

• Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms

The most common use of polymorphism in OOP occurs when a

parent class reference is used to refer to a child class object

WHAT IS POLYMORPHISM?

HOW TO WRITE POLYMORPHISM TYPE IN JAVA?

• For Requirement Example

– A Deer IS-A Animal

– A Deer IS-A Vegetarian

– A Deer IS-A Deer

– A Deer IS-A Object

HOW TO WRITE POLYMORPHISM TYPE IN JAVA?

LAB3 (STEP1)

• Create the class follow this:

LAB3 (STEP2)

• Write main class with processShape function

• Create 1 Rectangle and 1 Triangle then call processShape process for each shape

• processShape function has parameter is Shape

– Print share info

– Print area shape

• Triangle compute area(0.5*base*height)

• Rectangle compute area(length*width)

ABSTRACTION

WHAT IS ABSTRACTION?

Shape must calculate area

HOW TO WRITE ABSTRACTION ON JAVA?

• Using abstract keyword

• Abstract classes may or may not contain abstract methods, i.e., methods without body ( public void get(); )

• if a class has at least one abstract method, then the class must be declared

abstract.

• To use an abstract class, you have to inherit it from another class, provide

implementations to the abstract methods in it

• If a class is declared abstract, it cannot be instantiated

Define Shape class is abstract class

• getArea is abstract method

ENCAPSULATION

WHAT IS ENCAPSULATION?

• Encapsulation is one of the four fundamental OOP concepts The other three are

inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction

• Encapsulation in Java is a mechanism of wrapping the data (variables) and code acting on the data (methods) together as a single unit

WHAT IS ENCAPSULATION?

• The variables of a class will be hidden from other classes, and can be accessed only

through the methods of their current class Therefore, it is also known as data hiding

HOW TO WRITE ENCAPSULATION ON JAVA?

• To achieve encapsulation in Java

– Declare the variables of a class as private

– Provide public setter and getter methods to modify and view the variables values

• Apply Encapsulation for any class , except main class

INTERFACES

WHAT IS INTERFACES?

• An interface is a reference type in Java It is similar to class

• It is a collection of abstract methods A class implements an interface, thereby

inheriting the abstract methods of the interface

• Writing an interface is similar to writing a class But a class describes the attributes and behaviors of an object

• And an interface contains behaviors that a class implements

WHAT IS INTERFACES?

• Unless the class that implements the

interface, all the methods of the

interface need to be defined in the

class

Example

WHAT IS DIFFERENT WITH A CLASS

• You cannot instantiate an interface

• An interface does not contain any constructors

• All of the methods in an interface are abstract

• An interface cannot contain instance fields The only fields that can appear in an interface must be declared both static and final

• An interface is not extended by a class; it is implemented by a class

• An interface can extend multiple interfaces