Petersons Master AP US History, 2nd Edition

History Test Measures Factual Knowledge, Analytical Skills, and the Ability to Synthesize Information.According to the College Board, the multiple-choice section measures “factual knowle

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About Peterson’s, a Nelnet company

Peterson’s (www.petersons.com) is a leading provider of education information and advice, with books andonline resources focusing on education search, test preparation, and financial aid Its Web site offerssearchable databases and interactive tools for contacting educational institutions, online practice tests andinstruction, and planning tools for securing financial aid Peterson’s serves 110 million education

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Check out our Web site at www.petersons.com/publishing to see if there is any new information regarding the test andany revisions or corrections to the content of this book We’ve made sure the information in this book is accurate andup-to-date; however, the test format or content may have changed since the time of publication

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OTHER RECOMMENDED TITLES

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Peterson’s Master AP English Language & Composition Peterson’s Master AP English Literature & Composition Peterson’s Master AP U.S Government & Politics

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Before You Begin xi

How This Book Is Organized xi

Special Study Features xii

Appendix xii

You’re Well on Your Way to Success xiii

Give Us Your Feedback xiii

Top 10 Strategies to Raise Your Score xiv

PART I AP U.S HISTORY BASICS 1 All About the AP U.S History Test 3

10 Facts About the AP U.S History Test 3

Scoring the AP U.S History Test 6

Study Plans for the AP U.S History Test 8

Summing It Up 14

PART II: DIAGNOSING STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES 2 Practice Test 1: Diagnostic 25

Section I 26

Section II 38

Answer Key and Explanations 43

Self-Evaluation Rubric for the Advanced Placement Essays 62

PART III: AP U.S HISTORY STRATEGIES 3 Answering the Multiple-Choice Questions 67

Basic Information About Section I 67

Attacking the Questions: Practical Advice 68

Practicing 70

Exercise 1 71

Exercise 2 75

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Exercise 3 77

Summing It Up 80

4 Writing a “9” Essay 81

Basic Information about Section II 81

Good Writing 83

Planning and Writing Each Essay: Practical Advice 85

Summing It Up 86

5 Writing the DBQ Essay 87

Defining the DBQ 87

The Game Plan 89

Summing It Up 97

6 Writing the Free Response Essays 99

Defining the Free Response Questions 99

The Game Plan 100

Practical Advice 100

Free Response Essays 101

Suggestions for Free Response Essays, Part B 102

Suggestions for Free Response Essays, Part C 106

Summing It Up 112

PART IV: AP U.S HISTORY REVIEW 7 Reviewing the Colonial Period to 1789 115

Discovery, Settlement, and Expansion, 1492–1754 115

Colonial Society Around 1750 124

The Move to Independence, 1754–1776 128

The American Revolution, 1775–1783 134

Drafting the Constitution 139

Summing It Up 141

8 The Constitution and Important Supreme Court Cases 143

The U.S Constitution 143

Twelve Important Supreme Court Decisions 148

Additional Supreme Court Cases with Impact on Historical Events 154

Summing It Up 156

9 Reviewing the New Nation to Mid-Century 157

The New Nation, 1789–1800 158

The Age of Jefferson, 1800–1816 163

viii Contents

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Nationalism: Prosperity and Change 167

Sectionalism 172

The Age of Jackson, 1828–1848 175

A Changing Society and an Emerging Culture 179

Summing It Up 184

10 Reviewing the Events Leading to the Civil War and Its Aftermath 185

Territorial Expansion and Sectional Crisis 185

Prelude to the Civil War 189

The Civil War 193

Reconstruction 198

Summing It Up 204

11 Becoming an Urban and Industrial World Power 205

The New South 206

The Last Frontier 209

Industry, Labor, and Big Business 212

Urban Society 215

Intellectual and Cultural Movements 217

The Gilded Age 219

The Nation Abroad, 1865–1914 223

The Progressive Era 226

Summing It Up 231

12 Reviewing the Twentieth Century: 1915 to the Present 233

Wilson and World War I 234

The 1920s 237

The Great Depression 240

The New Deal 242

Diplomacy in the 1920s and 1930s 246

World War II 249

The Beginning of the Cold War at Home and Abroad 254

The 1950s 258

The 1960s 260

The 1970s 265

The United States Since 1980 268

Summing It Up 276

PART V: TWO PRACTICE TESTS Practice Test 2 287

Section I 287

Section II 301

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Practice Test 3 337

Section I 337

Section II 351

APPENDIX College-by-College Guide to AP Credit and Placement 381

x Contents

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Before You Begin

HOW THIS BOOK IS ORGANIZED

Whether you have five months, nine weeks, or just two short weeks to prepare

for the exam, Peterson’s Master AP U.S History will help you develop a study

plan that caters to your individual needs and timetable These step-by-step

plans are easy to follow and remarkably effective

• Top 10 Strategies to Raise Your Score gives you tried and true

test-taking strategies

• Part I includes the basic information about the AP U.S History Test

that you need to know, as well as practice plans for studying

• Part II includes a diagnostic test to determine your strengths and

weaknesses Use the diagnostic test as a tool to improve yourobjective test-taking skills

• Part III provides the strategies for answering the different kinds of

multiple-choice questions, as well as writing a “9”essay

• Part IV provides a comprehensive review of U.S history from

discovery, settlement, and expansion to the present

• Part V includes two additional practice tests Remember to apply

the test-taking system carefully, work the system to get more correctresponses, and to be careful of your time and strive to answer morequestions in the time period

• The Appendix, College-by-College Guide to AP Credit and

Placement, provides an easy reference to the AP credit guidelines

at more than 400 selective colleges and universities

.

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SPECIAL STUDY FEATURES

Peterson’s Master AP U.S History was designed to be as user-friendly as it is complete Itincludes several features to make your preparation easier

ALERT!

Whenever you need to be careful of a common pitfall, you’ll find an Alert! This information

reveals and eliminates the misperceptions and wrong turns many people take on the exam

By taking full advantage of all features presented in Peterson’s Master AP U.S History, you

will become much more comfortable with the exam and considerably more confident aboutgetting a high score

APPENDIX

Peterson’s College-by-College Guide to AP Credit and Placement gives you the

equivalent classes, scores, and credit awarded at more than 400 colleges and universities Usethis guide to find your possible placement status, credit, and/or exemption based on your APU.S History score

xii Before You Begin

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YOU’RE WELL ON YOUR WAY TO SUCCESS

Remember that knowledge is power You will be studying the most comprehensive guide

available and you will become extremely knowledgeable about the exam We look forward to

helping you raise your score

GIVE US YOUR FEEDBACK

Peterson’s, a Nelnet company, publishes a full line of resources to help guide you through the

college admission process Peterson’s publications can be found at your local bookstore,

library, and high school guidance office, and you can access us online at www.petersons.com

We welcome any comments or suggestions you may have about this publication and invite you

to complete our online survey at www.petersons.com/booksurvey Or you can fill out the

survey at the back of this book, tear it out, and mail it to us at:

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TOP 10 STRATEGIES TO RAISE YOUR SCOREWhen it comes to taking an AP, some test-taking skills will do you more good than others.There are concepts you can learn and techniques you can follow that will help you doyour best Here are our picks for the top 10 strategies to raise your AP U.S History score:

1 Create or choose a study plan from this book and follow it The right

study plan will help you get the most out of this book in whatever time you have

2 Choose a place and time to study every day, and stick to your routine and

your plan

3 Complete the diagnostic and practice tests in this book They will give

you just what they promise: practice—practice in reading and following thedirections, practice in pacing yourself, practice in understanding andanswering multiple-choice questions, and practice in writing timed essays

4 Complete all of your assignments for your regular AP U.S History class Ask questions in class, talk about what you read and write, and enjoy

what you are doing The test is supposed to measure your development as aneducated and thinking reader

5 Knowing that the questions are in chronological order can help you to

eliminate answers that do not make sense in that time period

6 All elements in an answer must be correct for the answer to be correct.

7 For Parts B and C, skim the four choices Choose one question from each part

to answer In making your decisions, look for the questions that you know themost about and can provide the most outside information to answer Once you’vedecided, begin with the easier of the two It will help to build your confidence

8 With not/except questions, ask yourself if an answer choice is true

about the selection If it is, cross it out, and keep checking answers.

9 If you aren’t sure about an answer but know something about the question, eliminate what you know is wrong and make an educated guess Ignore the answers that are absolutely wrong, eliminate choices in

which part of the answer is incorrect, check the time period of the question and

of the answer choices, check the key words in the question again, and revisitremaining answers to discover which seems more correct

10 Finally, don’t cram Relax Go to a movie, visit a friend—but not one who is

taking the test with you Get a good night’s sleep

xiv Before You Begin

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All About the AP U.S.

History Test

OVERVIEW

• 10 facts about the AP U.S history test

• Scoring the AP U.S history test

• Study plans for the AP U.S history test

• Summing it up

10 FACTS ABOUT THE AP U.S HISTORY TEST

The AP Program Offers Students an Opportunity to Receive College Credit for Courses They Take in High School.

The AP program is a collaborative effort of secondary schools, colleges and

universities, and the College Board Students who are enrolled in AP or

honors courses in any one or more of thirty-eight subject areas may receive

credit or advanced placement for college-level work completed in high school

While the College Board makes recommendations about course content, it

does not prescribe content The annual testing program ensures a degree of

comparability among high school courses in the same subject

Several Thousand Colleges and Universities in the United States and 30 Countries Participate in the AP Program.

Neither the College Board nor your high school awards AP credit You need to

find out from the colleges to which you are planning to apply whether they

grant credit and/or use AP scores for placement It is important that you

obtain each school’s policy in writing so that when you actually choose one

college and register, you will have proof of what you were told

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The AP U.S History Test Measures Factual Knowledge, Analytical Skills, and the Ability to Synthesize Information.

According to the College Board, the multiple-choice section measures “factual knowledge,breadth of preparation, and knowledge-based analytical skills.” The three-part essay sectionasks students “to demonstrate their mastery of historical interpretation and their ability toexpress their views and knowledge in writing.” In answering the Document-Based Question(DBQ), students are asked not only to analyze the given documents, but to synthesize andevaluate the given materials during the process of analysis Scoring of this particular essay isweighted toward the inclusion of “outside knowledge.” All three essays are assessed on thestrength of the thesis, the quality of the argument, and the validity of the supporting evidence

The AP U.S History Test Has Two Sections: Multiple Choice and a Three-Part Essay Section.

Section I: Multiple Choice has 80 questions testing your knowledge of U.S history from thefirst explorers to current events This section counts for 50 percent of your total score, and youhave 55 minutes to complete it

In Section II, you have three essays to write: a document-based question (DBQ) essay and twofree response essays To answer the DBQ part, you will be given a 15-minute mandatoryreading time and 45 minutes to write the essay You will have 70 minutes, approximately 35minutes each, to write the two free response essays The DBQ accounts for 45 percent of thetotal score for Section II

The AP U.S History Test Covers American History from the First Explorers to Current Events.

Although you will find questions from all time periods of U.S history, most of them will betaken from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries The College Board statesthat approximately:

• 20 percent of the questions are based on history from the earliest explorersthrough 1789

• 45 percent are from 1790 to 1914

• 35 percent are from 1915 to the presentThere is an important qualifier for this breakdown According to the College Board, neitherthe DBQ nor the free response essay questions are based on events after 1975 However, youmay find a few multiple-choice questions on this period

4 PART I: AP U.S History Basics

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The College Board further breaks down the kinds of information that it tests While noting

that history is a complex entity that mixes many strands, the College Board states that the

questions are divided according to the following categories:

• 35 percent on political institutions, behavior, and public policy

• 40 percent on social change and cultural and intellectual developments

• 15 percent on diplomacy and international relations

• 10 percent on economic developments

There Is No Required Length for Your Essays.

It is the quality, not the quantity, that counts Realistically, a one-paragraph essay is not going

to garner you a high mark because you cannot develop a well-reasoned analysis and present

it effectively in a single paragraph An essay of five paragraphs is a good goal By following

this model, you can set out your ideas with an interesting introduction, develop a reasoned

middle, and provide a solid ending

You Will Get a Composite Score for Your Test.

The College Board reports a single score from 1–5 for the two-part test, with 5 being the

highest By understanding how you can balance the number of questions you need to answer

correctly against the essay score you need to receive in order to get at least a “3,” you can

relieve some of your anxiety about passing the test

Educated Guessing Can Help.

No points are deducted for questions that you do not answer on the multiple-choice section,

and don’t expect to have time to answer them all A quarter of a point is deducted for wrong

answers The College Board suggests guessing IF you know something about a question and

can eliminate a couple of the answer choices Let’s call it “educated guessing.”

The Test Is Given in Mid-May.

Most likely, the test will be given at your school, so you do not have to worry about finding a

strange building in a strange city You will be in familiar surroundings, which should reduce

your anxiety a bit If the test is given somewhere else, be sure to take identification with you

Studying for the Test Can Make a Difference.

The first step is to familiarize yourself with the format and directions for each part of the test

Then, you will not waste time on the day of the test trying to understand what you are

supposed to do The second step is to put those analytical skills you have been learning to

work, dissecting and understanding the kinds of questions you will be asked; and the third

step is to practice “writing-on-demand” for the essays

NOTE

See “Scoring the

AP U.S History Test,” pp 6–8.

NOTE

Turn to pp 8–13 and read “Study Plans for the AP U.S History Test.”

Chapter 1: All About the AP U.S History Test 5

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SCORING THE AP U.S HISTORY TESTAround early July, you and the colleges you designate will receive a score for your AP U.S.History Test, and your high school will receive its report a little later The multiple-choicesection is graded by machine, and your essays are graded during a marathon reading session

by high school and college teachers

A different reader grades each of your essays None of the readers know who you are (that’swhy you fill in identification information on your Section II booklet and then seal it) or howthe others scored your other essays The grading is done on a holistic system; that is, theoverall essay is scored, not just the development of your ideas, your spelling, or yourpunctuation For each essay, the College Board works out grading criteria for the readers touse, much as your teacher uses a rubric to evaluate your writing

What the Composite Score Means

The College Board refers to the composite score as weighted because a factor of 1.1250 for themultiple-choice section, a factor of 4.5000 for the DBQ essay, and a factor of 2.7500 for the twofree response essays are used to determine a raw score for each section or part That is, theactual score you get on the multiple-choice questions—say 48—is multiplied by 1.1250 Theactual score that you get on the DBQ—say 6—is multiplied by 4.5000, and the actual score onthe two free response essays—say 15—is multiplied by 2.7500 The two essay scores are thenadded to give you one weighted score for both parts of the essay section This number and theweighted score from the multiple-choice section are added, and the resulting compositescore—somewhere between 0 and 180 (119, based on the above example)—is then equated to

a number from 5 to 1 A score of 119 is good enough to get you a “5” for the test

What Does All of This Mean to You?

You can leave blank or answer incorrectly some combination of 32 questions on an 80-questionmultiple-choice section, get a 6 for the DBQ and a 15 for your two free response essays, andstill earn a score of 5 It is not as easy as it may seem or the majority of students would not fallinto the 3 range, although a 3 may be good enough to get you college credit or advancedplacement A score of 4 certainly will

Take a look at the charts on the next page It takes work, but raising your score is not impossible.Sometimes, the difference between a 3 and a 4 or a 4 and a 5 is only a couple of points.The highest score you can receive on an essay is a 9 It is possible to get a variety of scores onyour essays—7, 5, 5, for example The chances are that you will not get a wide range ofindividual essay scores like 6, 2, 5 Even if you did, you could still get at least a 3 and possibly

a 4, depending on how many correct answers you have in the multiple-choice section balancedagainst how many wrong answers you have

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According to the College Board, 50 percent of the 140,000 students who took the test in a

recent year received at least a 3 The cut-off point for passing grades may change from year to

year, but it remains in this range This chart shows the actual conversion scale in a recent

year What it means is that you neither have to answer all the questions, nor do you have to

answer them all correctly, nor write three “9” essays to receive your AP credit

Some Things to Remember

The 80-question multiple-choice section is worth 50 percent of your total score

The College Board says that students who do “acceptable work on the broader questions

in the free response section” can receive a 3 if they answer about 60 percent of the

multiple-choice questions correctly

There is no deduction for unanswered questions

There is a quarter-point deduction for wrong answers

The DBQ and the two free response essays account for 50 percent of your total score

However, the DBQ is worth 45 percent of the total score for Section II, while the two free

response essays are each worth 27.5 percent of the total score for Section II

POSSIBLE SCORE DISTRIBUTION FOR AN 80-QUESTION

MULTIPLE-CHOICE SECTION

Probability of Receiving Credit

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Why Are We Telling You These Five Facts?

Because you can use them to your advantage

It is important to spend time practicing the kinds of questions that you will find inthe multiple-choice section because 50 percent of your score comes from thatsection You do not have to put all your emphasis on the essay questions

– You can leave some questions unanswered and still do well Even though you will

be practicing how to pace yourself as you use this book, you may not be able tocomplete all 80 questions on the day of the test If you come across a really difficultone, you can skip it and still feel that you are not doomed to a low score

There is a guessing penalty If you do not know anything about the question or thechoices, do not take a chance However, if you know something about the questionand can eliminate one or more of the answer choices, then it is probably worth yourwhile to choose one of the other answers Rather than calling it guessing, call itEDUCATED GUESSING Even the College Board suggests this strategy

The DBQ is worth more points, but you can get a slightly lower raw score for it andstill do well in Section II by getting a slightly better score on your two free responseessay questions

STUDY PLANS FOR THE AP U.S HISTORY TEST Nine-Week Study Plan

This plan should be followed for nine weeks The best study plan is one that continuesthrough a full semester A full-semester study plan means that you can apply what you arelearning here to classwork—your essay writing—and apply your classwork—everything thatyou are reading—to test preparation Then, you have time to think about ideas and to talkwith your teacher and other students about what you are learning, and you will not feelrushed Staying relaxed about the test is important The plan is worked out so that you shouldspend about 3 hours on each lesson

WEEK 1

First: Take Practice Test 1: Diagnostic, pp 17–63, and complete the self-scoring process List

the areas that you had difficulty with, such as timing, question types, and writing

on demand

Then: Reread pp 3–7 about the basic facts of the test and its scoring.

NOTE

The Diagnostic

and Practice Tests

will help you

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WEEK 2

Lesson 1

• Reread Scoring the AP U.S History Test, pp 6–8.

• Review the list you made after the Practice Test 1: Diagnostic to see what you need to

learn in order to do well on the multiple-choice section

• Read Chapter 3, Answering the Multiple-Choice Questions.

• Do one Exercise and review the explanation of the answers

Lesson 2

• Review Chapter 3, Answering the Multiple-Choice Questions, and do Exercise 2.

• Review the answers for these practice questions

• Read Chapter 7, Reviewing the Colonial Period to 1789, and find out more about any of

the people, terms, and concepts that are unfamiliar to you

WEEK 3

Lesson 1

• Review Chapter 3, Answering the Multiple-Choice Questions.

• Review the list you made after the Practice Test 1: Diagnostic to see what you need to

learn about the multiple-choice section

• Do Exercise 3 and review the answers

Lesson 2

• Read Chapter 9, Reviewing the New Nation to Mid-Century, and find out more about any

of the people, terms, or concepts that are unfamiliar to you Read appropriate cases in

Chapter 8, The Constitution and Important Supreme Court Cases.

WEEK 4

Lesson 1

• Read Chapter 4, Writing a “9” Essay.

• Read Chapter 5, Writing the DBQ Essay.

• For practice, create an outline for an essay using the question on p 89 about agrarian

protests and the points suggested in the analysis of each document Add your own ideas

Then, develop a thesis for your essay

• Write your essay Complete the self-scoring process, and compare your score against your

score on the Practice Test 1: Diagnostic.

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• Ask an AP classmate or a teacher to evaluate your essay against the scoring guide Where

did you improve from the Practice Test 1: Diagnostic? What still needs improvement?

Lesson 2

• Read Chapter 10, Reviewing the Events Leading to the Civil War and Its Aftermath, and

find out more about any of the people, terms, or concepts that are unfamiliar to you Read

appropriate cases in Chapter 8, The Constitution and Important Supreme Court Cases.

WEEK 5

Lesson 1

• Reread Chapter 4, Writing a “9” Essay

• Read Chapter 6, Writing the Free Response Essays, and write from the simulated test at

the end of the chapter

• Complete the self-scoring process and compare the score with your score on the Practice

Test 1: Diagnostic essays

• Ask an AP classmate or a teacher to evaluate your essay against the scoring guide

Lesson 2

• Read Chapter 11, Becoming an Urban and Industrial World Power, and find out more

about any people, terms, or concepts that are unfamiliar to you Read appropriate cases

in Chapter 8, The Constitution and Important Supreme Court Cases.

WEEK 6

Lesson 1

• Answer the multiple-choice section of Practice Test 2 and complete the self-scoring process.

• Compare the score to your score on the Practice Test 1: Diagnostic Which question types

continue to be a concern?

• Reread Chapter 3, Answering the Multiple-Choice Questions, as needed.

• Complete the DBQ on Practice Test 2 and score your essay against the rubrics.

• Again, ask an AP classmate or a teacher to evaluate your essay against the scoring guide

• Compare your scores to the scores on the Practice Test 1: Diagnostic Where did you

improve? Where does your writing still need work?

• Reread Chapters 3–6 as needed

Lesson 2

• Read half of Chapter 12, Reviewing the Twentieth Century: 1915 to the Present, and find

out more about any people, terms, or concepts that are unfamiliar to you

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WEEK 7

Lesson 1

• Answer the free response essay questions on Practice Test 2 and score your essays against

the rubric

• Ask an AP classmate or a teacher to evaluate your essays on the scoring guide as well

Compare these scores to your scores on the Practice Test 1: Diagnostic.

• Reread Chapters 3 and 4 as needed

Lesson 2

• Read the second half of Chapter 12, Reviewing the Twentieth Century: 1915 to the Present,

and find out more about any people, terms, or concepts that are unfamiliar to you Read

appropriate cases in Chapter 8, The Constitution and Important Supreme Court Cases.

WEEK 8

Lesson 1

• Answer free response essay questions 3 and 4 from Chapter 6, Writing the Free Response

Essays,and complete the self-scoring process

• Compare the score to your scores for the two tests Work on your strengths for the next

two weeks by writing free response essay question 5 from Chapter 6, Writing the Free

• Take Practice Test 3 and complete the self-scoring process Check your results against the

other two tests

Lesson 2

• If you are still unsure about some areas, review those chapters and the practice activities

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The Panic Plan

Eighteen weeks, nine weeks, how about two weeks? If you are the kind of person who putseverything off until the last possible minute, here is a two-week panic plan Its objectives are

to make you familiar with the test format and directions, to help you get as many rightanswers as possible, and to write the best DBQ and free response essays you can

WEEK 1

• Read Scoring the AP U.S History Test, pp 6–8.

• Take the Practice Test 1: Diagnostic Read the directions carefully and use a timer for

• Answer the multiple-choice section on Practice Test 2.

• Complete the self-scoring process and see where you may still have problems withquestion types

• Read all the answer explanations, including those you identified correctly

Essays

• Complete Section II on Practice Test 2.

• Score your essays using the rubric List your weaknesses

• Read Chapter 4, Writing a “9” Essay.

• Use the documents and question on agrarian protests on page 89 and essay questions 2

and 3 in Chapter 6, Writing the Free Response Essays, to gain practice in planning and

writing the DBQ and two free response essays

• Score your essays against the rubrics and note where you need improvement

• Ask an AP classmate or a teacher to evaluate your essays on the scoring guide Compare

it to your score on the Practice Test 1: Diagnostic.

WEEK 2

• Reread 10 Facts About the AP U.S History Test, pp 3–5, and Scoring the AP U.S History

Test,pp 6–8

• Complete Practice Test 3 and score the multiple-choice and essay sections.

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• Read Chapters 9, 10, 11, and 12 As you read these chapters, read along in Chapter 8, The

Constitution and Important Supreme Court Cases,where appropriate

Multiple Choice

• Do at least Exercises 1 and 2 in Chapter 3, Answering the Multiple-Choice Questions.

Essays

• Write another set of essays—the DBQ and the free response essays from Practice Test 3,

working on strengthening your weaknesses Score them against the rubric

• Ask an AP classmate or a teacher to evaluate your essays on the scoring guide

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• Most of the questions will be taken from the 19th and 20th centuries.

• The multiple-choice section is graded by machine and the essays are graded during areading session by high school and college teachers

• The highest score you can receive on an essay is a 9, so the highest total essay score is 27

• The three essays together account for 50 percent of the total score

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P ART II DIAGNOSING STRENGTHS

AND WEAKNESSES

.

CHAPTER 2 Practice Test 1: Diagnostic

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ANSWER SHEET PRACTICE TEST 1: DIAGNOSTIC

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Practice Test 1:

Diagnostic

On the front page of your test booklet, you will find some information about

the test Because you have studied this book, none of it should be new to you,

and much of it is similar to other standardized tests that you have taken

The page will tell you that the following test will take 3 hours and 5

minutes—55 minutes for the multiple-choice section and 2 hours and 10

minutes for the three essays Fifteen minutes of the time for Section II is a

mandatory reading period, primarily for the DBQ There are two booklets for

this test, one for the multiple-choice section and one for the essays

The page in your test booklet will also say that SECTION I:

• Is 55 minutes

• Has 80 questions

• Counts for 50 percent of your total gradeThen you will find a sentence in capital letters telling you not to open your

test booklet until the monitor tells you to open it

Other instructions will tell you to be careful when you fill in the ovals on the

answer sheet Fill in each oval completely If you erase an answer, erase it

completely If you skip a question, be sure to skip the answer oval for it You

will not receive any credit for work done in the test booklet, but you may use

it for making notes

You will also find a paragraph about the guessing penalty—a deduction of

one-quarter point for every wrong answer—but also words of advice about

guessing if you know something about the question and can eliminate several

of the answers

The final paragraph will remind you to work effectively and to pace yourself

You are told that not everyone will be able to answer all the questions and it

is preferable to skip questions that are difficult and come back to them if you

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SECTION I

80 QUESTIONS • 55 MINUTES

Directions: Each question or incomplete statement is followed by five suggested

responses Choose the best answer and fill in the correct oval on the answer sheet

1 Great Britain’s policy of governing its

colonies to build up its own goldreserves and expand trade isknown as

(A) nationalism

(B) favorable balance of trade

(C) mercantilism

(D) Navigation Acts (E) enumerated goods

2 All of the following were weaknesses

of the Articles ofConfederation EXCEPT

(A) nine of the thirteen states had

to approve all laws

(B) a national court system ruled

on the constitutionality of laws

(C) Congress worked in committeeswithout a chief executive

(D) all states were required to

approve amendments

(E) Congress could raise money byborrowing or by asking statesfor money

3 In order to gain passage of the

Assumption Bill, Alexander Hamiltonagreed to

(A) withdraw his tariff bill

(B) specify that speculators would

be paid the full value oftheir bonds

(C) hold the bill authorizing theFirst Bank until Washington’ssecond term

(D) support building the new

capital city on Southern land

(E) support Madison’s version ofthe bill

4 A major document of the women’s

rights movement was

(A) Declaration of Sentimentsand Resolutions

(B) The Feminine Mystique

(C) “Ain’t I a Woman”

(D) The Liberator

(E) A Century of Dishonor

5 Belief in the divinity and unity of

people and nature and the premacy of intuition over reason as asource of knowledge were

6 During the Civil War, all of the

following were true of the Unionpolicy toward African

Americans EXCEPT

(A) many African Americans sawduty only as teamsters, cooks,and laborers

(B) the Union refused to allowAfrican Americans to enlistuntil there was a shortage

of recruits

(C) African Americans fought insegregated units

(D) the Union commissioned some

African Americans as officers,but most black troops foughtunder white officers

(E) African Americans were grated into white regiments

inte-26 PART II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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