c VING form : xuaát hieän trong caùc thì tieáp dieãn, ruùt goïn moät meänh ñeà thaønh cuïm phaân töø, laøm chuû ngöõ cuûa caâu, taân ngöõ cho moät ñoäng töø khaùc, theo sau caùc giôùi töø.Khi laøm taân ngöõ cho moät ñoäng töø khaùc, noù thöôøng theo sau caùc ñoäng töø nhö : admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, detest, dislike, enjoy, excuse, fancy imagine, finish, keep (on), mind, miss, object (to) , pardon, postpone, practise, propose suggest, quitgive up, risk, stop , understand NOTE :Passive infinitive : to be + VPP , Passive gerund : being + VPP Perfect infinitive : to have + VPP , Perfect gerund : having + VPP3. Reported Speech :a) With infinitive : khi thuaät laïi moät lôøi yeâu caàu vôùi told, asked, demanded . . . , moät lôøi khuyeân vôùi advised, moät lôøi höùa vôùi promised, moät ñeà nghò vôùi offered, moät lôøi môøi vôùi invited hay moät söï nhaéc nhôù vôùi reminded . vv . Eg : a) “ You had better not tell lies to others”, his mother said. His mother advised him not to tell lies to others. b) “ I’ll wake you up tomorrow” said he to me. He promised to wake me up the following day.
Trang 1REVIEW for The first semester examination (the eleventh form)
1 Tenses of verbs :
TH
Ể
THÌ
KHẲNG
ĐỊNH
S + ( V )
PHỦ ĐỊNH
S + ( NOT + V ) NGHI VẤNS + ( V ) ? TÍN HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT THÌ
Hiện
Tại
Đơn
S + V inf (Chủ
ngữ số nhiều )
V s/es
(Chủ Ngữ Số Ít )
S + do not + V inf
does not + V inf
Do + S + V inf
? Does
always, usually, frequently, often, seldom , constantly , rarely , occasionally … Every day / month / year /
…
H Tại
Tiếp
Diễn
am
S + is +
V ing
are
am
S + is NOT + V ing
are
Am
Is + S + V ing ? Are
Now, right now ,at this time,
at the moment , at present, Don’t … , Listen!
, Look! … Hiện
Tại
Hoàn
Thành
have
S + +
PP
has
have
S + NOT + PP
has
Have + S +
PP ? Has
Just, already, yet, ever, never, lately, recently, so far, up till now,
since…,for…, in the last… , many times, the first / time
Hiện
Tại H T
Tiếp
Diễn
S +
have/has +
BEEN + V ing
S + have/has + not + BEEN + V ing
Have/Has + S + BEEN +V ing ?
Dùng tương tự như HTHT, tuy nhiên hành động được nhấn mạnh tính liên tục hơn
Eg : We’ve been watching the match for nearly two hours
Quá
Khứ
Đơn S + V ed/cột 2 S + did not + V inf Did + S + V inf ?
Yesterday, ago, last year/
month/… , in + year … Quá
Khứ
Tiếp
Diễn
was
S + +
V ing
were
was
S + NOT +V ing
were
Was + S + V ing
? Were
Then, at that time, at this time last … , at 4 o’clock yesterday, between 3.30 and 4.30, as , when , while
Q.Khứ
Hoàn
Thành S + had + PP S + had not + PP Had + S + PP ?
Before, after, when,
by the time, … (thường
phối hợp với quá
khứ đơn)
Tương
Lai Đơn
Tương
Lai
gần
will
S + +
V inf
shall
S +
am/is/are
going to +
V inf
will
S + NOT +
V inf
shall
S + am/is/are NOT going to +
V inf
Will + S +
V inf ? Shall Am/Is/Are +S + going to +
V inf ?
Tonight, tomorrow, soon, again
next week /month.
In future,
in 2010,…
Ta có thể dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn để diễn tả tương lai gần
2 Verb forms :
a/ BARE INFINITIVE : Theo sau các trợ động từ, động từ khiếm
c/ V-ING form : xuất hiện trong các thì tiếp diễn, rút gọn một mệnh đề thành cụm phân từ, làm chủ ngữ của câu, tân ngữ cho một động từ khác, theo sau các giới từ
Khi làm tân ngữ cho một động từ khác, nó thường
theo sau các động từ như : admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, detest, dislike, enjoy, excuse, fancy / imagine, finish, keep (on), mind, miss, object (to) , pardon, postpone, practise, propose / suggest, quit/give up, risk, stop , understand
NOTE :
V PP
3 Reported Speech : a) With infinitive : khi thuật lại một lời yêu cầu với told, asked, demanded , một lời khuyên với advised, một lời hứa với promised, một đề nghị với offered, một lời mời với invited hay một sự nhắc
nhớ với reminded vv
Eg : a) “ You had better not tell lies to others”, his mother said
His mother advised him not to tell lies to others.
b) “ I’ll wake you up tomorrow” said he to me
He promised to wake me up the following day.
b) With Gerund : khi thuật lại một lời chúc mừng, lời
xin lỗi, một đề nghị, một ước mơ, lời cảm ơn, sự cảnh báo, sự trách móc, sự thú nhận hay chối bỏ vv Các cấu trúc động từ này thường là :
+ thank for : cảm ơn về + congratulate on : chúc mừng về + accuse of : trách móc, tố cáo về blame for :
+ warn against : cảnh giác tránh khỏi + prevent from : ngăn cản tránh khỏi stop from :
+ apologize for : xin lỗi về + insist on : một mực/kiên quyết đòi + dream of : mơ về
+ look forward to : nóng lòng + think of : nghĩ về + admit : thú nhận // deny : chối bo3
Trang 2khuyết, một số động từ thường khác như make, let, help, have
+ O (chỉ người)
b/ TO INFINITIVE : Theo sau các động từ như : agree, appear ,arrange,
ask, attempt , consent, decide, demand, expect, fail, guarantee, happen,
hesitate, hope, intend, manage offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise,
prove, refuse, seem, swear, tend threaten, try, volunteer, want, wish
a) “ You sent me a pretty card Thank you for it”, said Jane to Tom
Jane thanked Tom for sending/having sent her a pretty card.
b) “ Let’s me pay for your meal I really want”, Tom said to his friend,
Daisy
Tom insisted on paying for Daisy’s meal
c) With conditional sentences :
TYPE 1 : có sự thay đổi về thì của động từ, các đại từ, trạng
từ chỉ thời gian/nơi chốn như các loại câu tường thuật khác
Eg : “ If you promise to work hard, I’ll help you”, said my sister to me
My sister said to me that if I promised to work hard, she would help
me
TYPES 2,3 : không phải thay đổi thì của động từ ; chỉ thay đổi
các đại từ hoặc trạng từ chỉ thời gian/địa điểm (nếu có)
Eg : a) “ If I had a permit, I could get a job”, he said
He said that if he had a permit, he could get a job.
b) “ If you had followed my advice, you would have been the
winner” said her father
Her father said if she had followed his advice, she would have
been the winner
Chú ý : Câu đ.k loại 2 với cấu trúc “ If I were you ” vẫn có
thể tường thuật bằng cấu trúc “ advise to / not to infinitive”
Eg : “ If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this shirt” said my girlfriend
My girlfriend said if she were me, she wouldn’t buy that shirt.
or My girlfriend advised me not to buy that shirt
4 Conditional sentences.
1 am / is / are ; Vpresent simpleinf /
V s/es
simple future
will / can + bare infinitive 2
past subjunctive(simple)
were ; V ed / cột 2
present condition
would/could/should + bare
infinitive
NOTE : _ ĐK loại 1 diễn tả đk có thể thực hiện được ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Eg : a) If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go camping.
b) What will you do if your friends visit you this Sunday
? _ ĐK loại 2 diễn tả đk khó hoặc không thể thực hiện được ở hiện tại
Eg : a) If I were in London now, I would pay a visit to Big Bell
Tower Clock
b) Would you drive me around the city if you had a car
? _ ĐK loại 3 diễn tả đk đã không thực hiện hoặc đã làm trái với thực tế ở quá khứ
Eg : a) I would have joined your party if I had received the
invitation
b) What would you have felt if you hadn’t passed the
exam last year ?
* Chú ý : Nếu câu đk nêu ra sự việc ở 2 thời điểm
khác nhau thì mệnh đề cũng có thể chứa các động từ được chia theo 2 loại đk khác nhau
Eg : If you hadn’t stayed up so late last night, you wouldn’t
feel tired now
6 Indefinite pronouns :
ONE(S), SOMEONE, ANYONE, NO ONE, EVERYONE
One : thay cho 1 danh từ số ít đã được đề cập ở
trước (nhưn gkho6ng muốn nhắc lại )
Ones : thay cho 1 danh từ số nhiều đã được đề cập
ở trước
Eg : I don’t like the red shirt; I prefer the blue one.(shirt) Don’t buy the sour oranges Buy the sweet ones
(oranges)
Someone(Somebody) : thường dùng trong câu khẳng
định; có thể dùng trong câu nghi vấn khi người nói muốn nghe câu trả lời “Yes”
Eg : There’s someone waiting for you in the living room
Did someone call me last night ? ( - Yes, Jane did.)
Anyone(Anybody) : Dùng trong câu phủ định hoặc
nghi vấn
Eg : Have you met anyone like him ? Don’t tell anyone my secret
No one(Nobody) : Dùng với động từ khẳng định
Trang 33 past perfecthad + V
(P.P)
perfect condition
would/could + have + V(P.P) EXERCISES :
I/ Put in the correct tense of the verb in the parentheses
10 Last week , she (show) me the letter that she (receive) three
months before
11 The match (go) on now It (go) on since 3 o’clock _
_
12 This is the third time we (visit) this museum
13 I (see) her yesterday when she (drive) to her office
14 Up to now , she (write) five famous novels
15 Don’t make noise Everyone (gaze) at us _
16 My father (work) from Mon to Fri He (not, work) because it (be) Sat
_
17 I and Jane, my best friend, (lose) touch with each other since last
year _
18 He (start) his work for ten minutes when we came here
19 My sister already (clean) the floor by the time my mother came back
_
20 When I (practice) my English last night, the telephone (ring)
II/ Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses :
1 He’s expecting (make) a trip to Ha Long Bay
2 The students stopped (talk) when the teacher came in
3 I enjoy (listen) to classical music
4 I’ll try (not, make) the same mistakes again
5 Would you like (have) the next dance with me ? _
6 Would you mind (give) me a hand ? _
7 She has just finished (write) a friendly letter _
8 When you see Tom, remember (give) him my regards
9 Tom refused (give) me his address _
10.Can you tell me the time ? _ Sorry, my watch keeps (stop)
11.Have you ever watched people (try/catch) fish ? _
12.It’s no use (advise) him (stop) smoking
nhưng ý tưởng của câu mang nghĩa phủ định
Eg: No one likes her stories
Everyone(Everybody) : dùng trong câu khẳng định,
đề cập đến mọi người hoặc tất cả mọi người (nhưng động từ chia ở số ít)
Eg : Everyone has been already for the game
16.The man admitted (break) into the house the night before _
17.The children enjoy (take) to the zoo every Sunday
18.I want (join) the parting party yesterday afternoon but no one let me (know) about it _
19.(Fail) in the driving test twice, he didn’t want (try) it again _
20.American women usually don’t want (protect) III/ Conditional sentences :
fly off it
passengers (object) to it
3 your parents proud _ (be) if you behaved badly ?
4 If she _ (not/ fail) one of her final exams, she wouldn't
have had to spend part of the summer in college
5 If we _(work) all night we (finish) in time;
but we have no intention of working all night
6 If you had worked harder, you (pass) your final exam
(have) to practice a lot
_ (have) more money, I (buy) it
9 I got wet because I didn't take my umbrella However, I
(not, get) wet if I _ (remember) to take my umbrella
Trang 413.(Operate) this machine, (press) the red button first
_
14.(Work) for nearly five hours, they stopped (have) a rest _
15.I’m sorry (not, invite) you to my party last weekend _
IV/ Rewrite the sentences :
1) Conditional sentences :
1 She can’t jog because she is too fat If
2 The schoolchildren forgot to water the seeds, so they didn't grow If
_
3 Stop talking or you won't understand the lesson If
_
4 The wind is blowing hard, so we won't take the boat out for a ride If
5 Carol didn't answer the phone because she was studying If
6 I feel better now because you talked to me about my problems
yesterday
If
7 Because I don't have enough free time, I can't help you now If
8 Rita is exhausted today because she didn't get any sleep last night
If
9 I didn't prepare for today's lesson So it is difficult for me to
under-stand the
teacher's explanation If _
10 Martin failed his driving test last week because he was very nervous
If _
2) Reported speech :
1 'If I had any money, I'd buy you a drink,' she said to me
2 'If I catch the plane, I'll be home by five,' he said
_
3 'You should stay in bed if you feel unwell.' my mother said
_
4 'What would you do if you were having a problem with grammar, Jane?'
Ann asked
5 'If I'd had my mobile yesterday, I could have contacted you,' Matthew
said to Jane _
6 'If I were you, I'd stop smoking,' she said to her brother
_ / _
with me
10. _I'm broke, but I _ (have) plenty of money now if I
(not/ spend) so much yesterday
11 Tom's hobby is collecting stamps from all over the world
If he
(travel) to a new country, he (spend/
al-ways) time looking for new stamps
12 I'm doing the test very well now I _(not/ do) the
test well if I (not/ revise) thoroughly last night
13 (you/ take) that job if you (know) that you had
to work nights ?
14 You often tell lies If you _ (be) a trusted person, you
(not, have) so few friends
15 Maybe my cousin pays me a visit this Sunday If he _(come),
I _ (serve) him a big meal
David’ father promised _
14 'Please stay for a few more days.' she said to us
She invited
15 'We'll fight the ban on smoking in public places.', said the heavy smokers The heavy smokers threatened
_
16 “I imagine I'll see Olivia at the party.' said Tom
Tom hoped _
17 'Can you lend me ten pounds?' said the boy to me
The boy asked
18 'Let me take the children into town.', he said
He volunteered
19 'Don't swim out too far, boys.' said the pool guard
The pool guard warned _
20 'Don't forget to attend the meeting tomorrow 'she said to her friends
She reminded
21 'It was nice of you to invite me to your birthday party
Trang 57 'If I don't practice my English, I won't get any better,' she said
8 'If you press this switch, the computer will come on,' he said to his
students
9 'I'd have been in bad trouble if you hadn't helped me,' he said to his
friends
_
10 'If the door is clocked, what shall I do ?' she said to herself
She wondered
11 'If I were you, I'd read the exam questions very carefully.' said the
teacher to us
The teacher advised
12 'It’s better to have the theater built next to the town hall.' they said
They offered
13 'Okay, I'll collect David from school ', said his father
Thanks very much.' said Mike to Jane Mike thanked
22 'I must have made a mistake in the calculations.'
Mr Forest admitted
23 'I'll pay for the meal.' Sarah insisted
24 'Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.'
Neil suggested
25 'I'm sorry I couldn't come to visit you last summer.' said Kate to me
Kate apologized _
26 'I hear you won the championship Congratulations!' said Dane
Dane congratulated _
27 'I wish I'd asked for his name and address.' said Mary
Mary regretted _
28 'You've dirtied the floor, children.' said Mrs Brown
Mrs Brown accused _
29 'You mustn't drink too much caffeine.' Marta said to me
Marta warned _
30 'It's not true! I have never been arrested!' Larry said
Larry denied _
31 'I gave you my textbook last week I insist,' Tom said to Mai
Tom insisted