Basic grammar for grade 10,11

Kiến thức ngữ pháp cơ bản môn Anh giúp học sinh nắm được một cách cụ thể những điểm mấu chốt căn bản và nền tảng cần có. Thông qua phần kiến thức này, học sinh mất gốc có thể dễ dàng vượt qua mọi rào cản vì sách được viết theo kiểu cung cấp lý thuyết sau đó bài tập ở dưới giúp học sinh đọc hiểu và có cơ hội thực hành luôn.

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CHAPTER 1: TENSE REVISION

Hiện tại

đơn

(+) I/ you/ we/ they/ Nnhiều + V(nguyên)

He/ she/ it/ Nít + V(s/es)

(-) I/ you/ we/ they/ Nnhiều + don’t+ V(nguyên)

He/ she/ it/ Nít + doesn’t + V(nguyên)

(?) Do + I/ you/ we/ they/ Nnhiều + V(nguyên)?

Does + he/ she/ it/ Nít + V(nguyên)?

Uses:

- Hành động lặp đi lặp lại theo thói quen

- Chân lý, sự thật hiển nhiên đúng

- Lịch trình, thời khóa biểu

- Tình cảm, cảm xúc

Vị trí trạng từ tần suất (always, usually, often,

sometimes, seldom, rarely, never)

He doesn’t always get up at 5 a.m in the morning

- Always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, occasionally, never

- Every day/ week/ month/year , on Mondays/ Tuesdays, Sundays,…

- Once/twice / three times a week/month/year

- Every two weeks, every three months,…

- Whenever, every time, every now and then, every now and again, every

so often,…

Hiện tại

tiếp diễn

(+) S + is/ are/ am + V-ing

(-) S + is/ are/ am + not + V-ing

(?) Is/ are/ am + S + V-ing?

Uses:

- Hành động đang diễn ra tại thời điểm nói

- Hành động tạm thời xảy ra

- Kế hoạch trong tương lai gần

- Look!; Listen! Be quiet!; Be careful!; Don't make noise! Keep silent!; …

- Now, right now, at the moment, at the present, …

- Today, these days, this week, this month,

- Hành động vẫn chưa xảy ra hoặc vừa mới xảy

ra, hay vừa mới hoàn tất

- Hành động lặp lại nhiều lần cho đến thời điểm

hiện tại

- Hành động vừa mới xảy ra và hậu quả của nó

vẫn còn ảnh hưởng đến hiện tại

- just, only just, recently, lately, yet,…

- since, for, since then, still, already,

- recently / lately (gần đây)

- so far = until now / till now/ up to now/

up to the present (cho đến bây giờ); in the last few days (trong vài ngày qua)

- today/ this morning/ this week/…; for

a long time (trong một thời gian dài); for ages (từ lâu); all day/ all my life/…; several times / many times / two times,… (nhiều lần/ 2 lần,…):

- This is / It’s the first / second… time (Đó là lần thứ nhất / thứ hai )

- Hành động xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ

- Một chuỗi các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp trong

quá khứ

- Hành động làm giá đoạn một hành động khác

đang diễn ra trong quá khứ

- last + thời gian (week, month, year, summer, )

- khoảng thời gian (three days, two weeks, four months, ) + ago

- in + thời gian trong quá khứ (in 1999,…)

- from to (from 1999 to 2003)

- all + day/ night/ …

- yesterday, when I was young,…

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Quá khứ

tiếp diễn

(+) S + was/ were + V-ing

(-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing

(?) Was/ were + S + V-ing?

- during, while, when, as, during + N/ noun phrases

(+) S + is/ are/ am + going to +V

(-) S + is/ are/ am + not+ going to +V

(?) Is/ are/ am + S + going to +V?

Hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể

nào đó trong tương lai

- At this time/ at this moment/ at present+ future time (at this time tomorrow/ at this moment next year…), at 5 p.m tomorrow…

- Hành động sẽ được hoàn tất trước một thời

điểm hoặc trước một hành động khác trong

tương lai

- Hành động đang xảy ra trong một khoảng thời

gian cụ thể ở tương lai

- Phán đoán một hành động có khả năng chắc

chắn xảy ra trong tương lai

- By next time, by the end of…., before + future time (before 9a.m tomorrow), for (6 months )

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Exercise 1

1 Robert _ in three important water polo games so far

A had played B has played C played D is playing

2 Michael _ water sports when he was younger

A used to play B is used to play C used to playing D is used to playing

3 We _ next vacation in London

A spend B are spending C will spend D are going to spend

4 Look! The bus _

A left B has left C leaves D is leaving

5 Robert _ tomorrow morning on the 10:30 train

A arrived B is arriving C has arrived D would arrive

6 Could you please turn off the stove? The potatoes _ for at least twenty minutes

A are boiling B boiling C were boiling D have been boiling

7 By the time Brown’s daughter graduates, _ retired

A he B he has C he’ll being D he’ll have

8 After I _ lunch, I looked for my bag

A had B had had C have has D have had

9 By the end of next year, George _ English for 2 years

A will have learned B will learn C has leaned D would learn

10 The man got out of the car, _ round to the back and opened the boot

A walking B walked C walks D walk

11 For several years, his ambition _ to be a pilot

A is B has been C was D had been

12 Henry _ into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner

A was going B went C has gone D did go

13 He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he _ dinner

A finish B finishes C will finish D shall have finished

14 Before you asked, the letter _

A was written B had been written C had written D has been written

15 She _ English at RMIT these days

A studies B is studying C will study D is going to study

Exercise 2

1 We _ English this time next Monday

a learn b will learn c are learning d will be learning

2 Ask her to come and see me when she _ her work

a finish b has finished c finished d finishing

3 Look that those black clouds! It _

a is going to rain b will rain c would rain d can rain

4 Oil _ if you pour it on water

a floated b floats c will be floated d float

5 Henry _ for 10 years when he finally gave it up

a has smoked b has been smoking c had been smoked d had been smoking

6 When I arrived at the party, Martha _ home already

a went b have gone c had gone d would go

7 Almost everyone _ for home by the time we arrived

a leave b left c leaves d had left

8 By the age of 25, he _ two famous novels

a wrote b writes c has written d had written

9 While her husband was in the army, Janet _ to him twice a week

a was writing b wrote c was written d had written

10 Her family _ to America before 1975

a went b have gone c had gone d would go

11 We _ English this time last week

a learned b were learning c have learned d had learned

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Exercise 3

1 They _ this course by next June

a have finished b will finish c are going to finish d will have finished

2 Alan took a photograph of Sandra while she _

a didn't look b wasn't looking c hasn't looked d hadn't looked

3 I _ my key Can you help me look for it?

a lose b lost c had lost d have lost

4 Last night Tine _ in bed when suddenly she heard a scream

a read b was reading c had read d had read

5 We _ a party next week Would you like to come?

a have b will have c are having d will have had

6 The Red River _ very fast today-much faster than yesterday

a flows b is flowing c will flow d is going to flow

7 While mother _ dinner, the phone rang

a cooked b had cooked c has cooked d was cooking

8 Fish _ on earth for ages and ages

a existed b are existing c exist d have existed

9 The phone _ constantly since Jack won the first prize this morning

a has been ringing b rang c had rung d had been ringing

10 The earth _ on the sun for its heat and light

a is depend b depending c has depend d depends

11 By the end of this year, Tom _ English for three years

a will be studying b has studied c will have studied d has been studying

12 On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong _ down onto the moon, the first person ever set foot on another planet

a was stepping b stepped c has stepped d was step

13 When boarding the plane, many passengers were annoyed because they _ waiting in the airport for three and a half hours

a are b were c have been d had been

Exercise 4

1 The child _ before the doctor arrived

a died b had died c has died d was dying

2 We cleaned up the room as soon as the guests _

a had left b has left c left d were leaving

3 The secretary _ the report by 10:00 yesterday

a hasn't finished b hadn't finished c didn't finish d would finish

4 They will have gone home before you _ to meet them

a came b come c will come d are coming

5 We _ Doris since last Sunday

a don't see b haven't seen c didn't see d hadn't seen

6 My sister _ for you since yesterday

a is looking b was looking c has been looking d looked

7 Jack _ the door

a has just painted b paint c will have painted d painting

8 I'll come and see you before I _ for America

a leave b will leave c have left d shall leave

9 The little girl asked what _ to her friend

a has happened b happened c had happened d would have been happened

10 John _ a book when I saw him

a is reading b read c was reading d reading

11 I have been waiting for you _

a since early morning b since 9 a.m c for two hours d all are correct

12 Jack _ the door

a has just opened b open c will have opened d opening

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Chuyển đổi từ hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn và ngược lại

Dạng 1

S+ haven’t/ hasn’t + P2 + for + khoảng thgian = It’s + khoảng thời gian + since + S + last+ V(quá khứ) E.g I haven’t seen my father for one month =It ’s one month since I last saw my father

Dạng 2

S + have/ has + never + P2 + before = It/ this is the first time + S + have/ has + (ever) + P2

E.g I have never seen that man here before = It/ this is the first time I have ever seen that man here

Dạng 3

S + haven’t/ hasn’t + P2 + since/ for + time = The last time + S+ V(quá khứ) + was … ago/ in…

= S + last + V(quá khứ) + in…/ …ago/ when + mệnh đề (S+ V)

E.g I last saw him when I was a student = I haven’t seen him since I was a student

= The last time I saw him was when I was a student.

Dạng 4

S + has/ have + P2 + since/ for + time = S + started/ began + V-ing + …ago/ in …

E.g I have worked here for 10 years = I started working here 10 years ago

Dạng 5

When + did + S + V/ start to V? = How long + have/ has + S + P2?

E.g When did you start working there? = How long have you worked there?

Exercise 5: Choose the correct sentence which has the same meaning as the given one

1 Eight years ago we started writing to each other

A We write to each other for 8 years C We wrote to each other for 8 years

B We are writing to each other for 8 years D We have been writing to each other for 8 years

2 We started working here three years ago

A We worked here for three years B We have no longer worked here for three years

C We have worked here for three years D We will work here in three years

3 My father hasn’t smoked cigarettes for a month

A It’s a month since my father last smoked cigarettes

B It’s a month ago that my father smoked cigarettes

C It’s a month that my father hasn’t smoked cigarettes

D It’s a cigarette that my father smoked a month ago

4 I came to live here three months ago

A It was three months since I lived here B I’ve been living here for three months

C I lived here for three months D I didn’t live here for three months

5 He last had his eyes tested ten months ago

A He hasn’t had his eyes tested for ten months B He had not tested his eyes for ten months then

C He had tested his eyes ten months before D He didn’t have any test on his eyes in ten months

6 The famous actor was last seen in 2000

A The famous actor hasn’t been seen since 2000 B No one has seen the famous actor since 2000

C The famous actor didn’t see anyone in 2000 D Both A & B

7 Mr Brown bought this car five years ago

A Mr Brown started to buy this car 5 years ago B It is 5 years when Mr Brown bought this car

C Mr Brown has had this car for five years D It is 5 years ago since Mr Brown bought this car

8 It’s a long time since we last went to the cinema

A We have been to the cinema for a long time B We haven’t been to the cinema for a long time

C We don’t go to the cinema as we used to D We wish we went to the cinema now

9 He's the most difficult housemate _

A I never dealt with B I never had to deal with

C I've ever had to deal with D I've never had to deal with

10 I haven’t been here before

A Being here is a pleasant experience B This is the first time I have been here

C I have wished to be here for long D Before long I will be here

11 The last time I saw Rose was three years ago

A I hasn’t seen Rose for three years B I haven’t seen Rose three years ago

C I haven’t seen Rose since three years D I haven’t seen Rose for three years

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Exercise 6: Rewrite the following sentences

(01) I haven't played football since 2000

The last time

(02) I haven't enjoyed myself so much for years

It's years since

(03) She started to learn English 8 years ago

She has _

(04) I've never met such a famous person before

It's the first time _

(05) I haven’t eaten this kind of food before

This is the first _

(06) I haven't been to HCM city for 2 years

The last time

(07) He hasn't laughed so much for ages

It's ages

(08) She hasn't seen that boy here before

It's the first

(09) She hasn't written to us since last year

The last time

(10) I haven’t seen him for 8 days

(19) We haven’t been to a concert for over a year

The last time _

(20) Your birthday party was the last time I really enjoyed myself

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CHAPTER 2: GERUND – INFINITIVE

Cause (sai, khiến, bảo)

Ask (yêu cầu)

Convince (thuyết phục)

Challenge (thử thách)

Expect (hy vọng)

Hire (thuê)

Require (yêu cầu, đòi hỏi)

Teach (dạy bảo)

Plan (lên kế hoạch)

Would like (muốn)

Long (mong muốn),

Offer (đưa ra lời mời)

- finish, start, begin

- postpone/ delay (trì hoãn),

- deny (phủ nhận), admit (thừa nhận)

- mind (ngại, phiền)

- consider (cân nhắc)

- can't help (không thể không),

- imagine (tưởng tượng)

- forgive (tha thứ)

- report (báo cáo)

- involve (đòi hỏi, liên quan)

- recall (gợi lại, nhắc lại), recollect (hồi tưởng lại), resent (phẫn uất)

- appreciate (ghi nhận)

- excuse (tha lỗi, lượng thứ)

- resist (kháng cự, chống cự)

- celebrate (kỉ niệm), discuss (thảo luận),

explain (giải thích), support (ủng hộ),

tolerate (dung thứ)

V + where/when/how/ + to V: teach, ask, learn,

explain, know, decide, understand, remember, forget…

Adj + to V: able, unable, happy, delighted (vui mừng),

easy, lovely, glad, sorry (tiếc), anxious (nóng lòng), content

(bằng lòng), afraid, eager, amazed (ngạc nhiên), pleased,

disappointed, surprised, certain, willing (sẵn lòng)

Dùng trong một số cấu trúc:

- S + find + adj + to V I find it very interesting to know her

- S + be + too + adj + to V He is too old to run fast

- Chỉ mục đích: I go to school to get knowledge

- It takes/ took sb + thời gian + to V

- Sau các đại từ:nothing, anybody,… He has nothing to do.

- Là chủ ngữ của câu

- Là bổ ngữ sau "to be" (là)

- Sau giới từ (bất kỳ)

– Sau các cấu trúc

apologize (to sb) for (xin lỗi ai vì)

accuse sb of (buộc tội ai)

insist on (khăng khăng)

congratulate sb on (chúc mừng ai)

suspect sb of (nghi ngờ)

look forward to (mong đợi)

dream of/ about (mơ ước)

+ It's (not) + worth + Ving (đáng/không đáng)

+ Have difficulty (in) + Ving (gặp khó khăn, trở ngại)

+ spend/ waste + money/ time + Ving + can't stand/ can't bear/ can't help (không thể không)

+ be/ get used to Ving = be/ get accustomed to Ving + be busy (with) doing sth (bận rộn)

+ What about ? How about ?

+ Go + V-ing (go shopping, go swimming )

1 Sau modal verbs: can, could, may, must,

will, have to, might, shall, shoud,…+V

2 had better = should (nên) +V

would rather (muốn) +V

3 Sau let, make, help+ sb +V

4 Have sb + V/ have sth + P2: nhờ/ thuê

5 Sau động từ giác quan: look, see, watch,

notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell

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Một số lưu ý: Một số trường hợp có thể dùng với cả TO V và V-ING

Không thay đổi về nghĩa

Word Infinitive (Có tân ngữ) Gerund (không tân ngữ)

advise I advise you to go by bus I advise going by bus

allow/permit They don’t allow people to smoke in the building They do not allow smoking in the building

forbid The teacher has forbidden his students to use

mobile phones in class The teacher has forbidden using mobile phones in class

Thay đổi về nghĩa

Word Nghĩa khi dùng TO V Nghĩa khi dùng V-ING

forget/

remember

nhớ/ quên để làm gì (chưa xảy ra)

Remember to switch off the lights nhớ/ quên là đã làm gì (đã xảy ra)

Do you remember losing your first tooth?

regret tiếc vì điều sắp nói ra

I regret to say that you cannot come with us hối hận vì đã làm gì

I regret saying that I hated her

stop dừng lại để làm gì

I stopped to smoke dừng việc đang làm lại

I stopped smoking

try cố gắng làm gì

I tried to solve this riddle, but I couldn’t thử làm gì

We tried baking the cake without flour, but it didn’t work

mean Có ý định làm gì

I mean to change my decision Có nghĩa là gì

Being beautiful means having less time for study

need S người – mang nghĩa chủ động

You need to finish your homework S vật – mang nghĩa bị động

The grass in your garden needs cutting

used to

Used to V: thói quen trong quá khứ

When Peter was young, he used to riding a bicycle to school

Be/ get used to + V-ing: quen làm gì

English has become international Businessmen are used to speaking English at international meetings

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs below

1 When I met some friends yesterday morning, I stopped _ (talk) to them

2 Please stop _ (cry) and tell me what's wrong

3 I mean _ (go) home before 9:00 to watch a live football game on ESPN

4 The injury could mean him _ (miss) next week's game

5 I'll never forget _ (hear) this piece of music for the first time

6 Don’t forget _ (take) your umbrella in case it rains

7 Remember _ (clock) the door carefully before going home

8 I can still remember my grandfather _ (take) me to the United States

9 Why didn’t try (call) her on her mobile?

10 I tried (reach) her at work, but the line was busy

11 We regret (inform) you that your application has not been successful

12 I regret not (listen) to my parents' advice They were right

13 His parents won't allow him (stay) out late

14 Police are advising people (stay) at home

15 I'd advise _ (buy) your tickets well in advance if you want to travel in August

16 He recommended (read) the book before seeing the movie

17 Caroline (used to have/ is used to having) a walkman, now she has an ipod

18 It isn’t easy for Jo to drive in here He (is used to driving/ used to drive) on the left of the road

19 People from India usually find our food tasteless They (used to eat/ are used to eating) spicy food

20 Computers (are used to being/ used to be) very expensive Now the prices are more reasonable

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Exercise 2: Put the verb into the correct form:

1 "Do you mind (work) overtime?" asked the boss

2 We intend _ (go) to the countryside this weekend

3 I pretended _ (be) sick so I didn’t have to go to work

4 They made us (leave) the campsite after (make) such a mess

5 I’d love (come) with you

6 Unfortunately, we can’t afford (buy) a new car this year

7 We postponed (do) our homework

8 He denies _ (steal) the money

9 He claims _ (be) a millionaire but I don’t believe him

10 I expect _ (be) there about seven

11 I couldn’t help (laugh)

12 It tends _ (rain) a lot in Scotland

13 Do you recall _ (meet) her at the party last week?

14 She mentioned (go) to the cinema, but I don’t know what she decided to do in the end

15 The teenager refused _ (go) on holiday with his parents

16 I’d hate (arrive) too late

17 I would prefer you _ (come) early if you can

18 She admitted (steal) the money

19 She delayed (get) out of bed

20 I really appreciate (be) on holiday

21 She waited (buy) a drink

22 It seems (be) raining

23 I considered (move) to Spain

24 They practised (speak)

25 Finally I managed (finish) the work

26 I really can’t stand (wait) for the bus

27 She risked (be) late

28 I miss (go) to the beach

1 She has never known how (fry) a steak

2 She avoided (tell) him about her plans

3 I would like (come) to the party with you

4 He enjoys (have) a bath in the evening

5 She kept (talk) during the film

6 He was silly enough _ (dive) into the pond without _ first (look)

7 Do you mind (give) me a hand?

8 She helped me (carry) my suitcases

9 I’ve finished (cook) Come and eat!

10 He decided (study) Biology

11 I dislike (wait)

12 He asked (come) with us

13 I promise (help) you tomorrow

14 I enjoy alone I never feel lonely (be)

15 She agreed (bring) the pudding

16 I don’t recommend (take) the bus, it takes forever!

17 We hope (visit) Amsterdam next month

18 She suggested (go) to the museum

19 They plan (start) college in the autumn

20 I don’t want (leave) yet

21 I’m too old my habits now (change)

22 Please stop You’re making me nervous (whisper)

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1 is not allowed here (fish)

2 I agreed him if he is in trouble (help)

3 She appeared very nervous (be)

4 I keep you - it was an accident (tell)

5 Jack is good at ceilings (paint)

6 Would you rather to a restaurant or eat at home (go)

7 It is difficult him (understand)

8 She did not know what from them (expect)

9 My wife warned us the table (not touch)

10 He refused me what all the fuss was about (tell)

11 There’s no sense in him He’s not at home (visit)

12 Elephants are known a fantastic memory (have)

13 I let her on with her work (get)

14 Colin had no idea of how into the house (get)

15 I’d rather in bed than go to work (be)

16 I crossed the road without (look)

17 We advised her a year abroad (not spend)

18 I always dreamed of in a small house by the seaside (live)

19 She made us for hours (wait)

20 She learned pupils with respect (treat)

21 I couldn’t help when I saw the bride in the beautiful white dress (cry)

22 My uncle has given up ((smoke) and now he prefers (eat)

23 He wasn’t used on the right side of the road (drive)

24 The doctor made him (promise) (reduce) his _ (smoke)

1 We encouraged her (succeed in ) (become) a top player

2 It's no good (force) him to go with us

3 I promised (care) for the cat but I'm not much good at (babysit)

4 The people thanked me for (offer) (help) them

5 I begged her (not accuse) me of (ruin) her hairstyle by (try) (kiss) her

6 It is not worth (help) him (do) the job

7 I let him _ (choose) between _ (fly) and _ (take) the train

8 The film was really worth (see) so we made Mary (go) to the movies with us

9 Her forced us (accept) his offer by (raise) it by 5 %

10 Normally I enjoy (go) out but today I'd prefer (stay) indoors

11 She promised (not object) to his (smoke)

12 They continued (eat) after the interruption

13 I am not in the habit of (smoke) in the car

14 Ann reminded me (finish) my work on time

15 He'd better (get) used to (work) harder

16 I am capable of (stand) on my head and (play) the saxophone

17 You'd better (start) (dig) the garden

18 I expected someone (pick) up these papers

19 The Romans were quite happy about Hannibal (not attack) Rome

20 It was interesting (watch) our cat (play)

21 We have taught our children (wash) their hands before (eat)

22 (write) letters is more boring than (phone)

23 Jack decided (have) a break from work

24 I refused (speak) with them

25 We agreed (meet) them at the airport

26 There is no sense in (earn) more money than you can (spend)

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Exercise 6 Rewrite the sentences with the given words

1 What do you fancy doing this evening?

What do you want _

2 Why don’t we ask him for help?

6 It’s not a good idea to travel during rush hour

It’s best to avoid _

7 He said that it was true that he didn’t have a license

He admitted _

8 The teacher said that we mustn’t use dictionary during the test

The teacher didn’t allow _

9 I don’t usually drink beer

16 Driving on the left is strange and difficult for Americans

Americans aren't used _

17 She admitted that she has taken the necklace

She admitted

18 I don’t intend to tell you my plans

I have no intention

19 “You’ve stolen my money, Tam.”

She accused Tam

20 Long found it difficult to concentrate on her lesson because of noise

Long had difficulty

21 “I’m sorry I broke your glass” Hai said

Hai apologized

22 He tried to escape but the police stopped him

The police prevented him

23 Smoking is not allowed on the public buses

They don’t allow

24 I can’t possibly work in all this noise!

It is impossible

25 Susan regrets not buying that house

Susan wishes she

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Passive infinitive (to be P2) Passive gerund (being P2)

I want them to take this table away

I want this table to be taken away

She has avoided meeting you so far

She has avoided being met (by you) so far

Exercise 7: PASSIVE INFINITIVE or PASSIVE GERUND

1 That man seems (trust) _ by everyone

2 Mr Forster hopes (transfer) _ to New York by his company

3 No one enjoys (deceive) _ by another person

4 I absolutely refused (cheat) _ by them in that manner

5 We appreciate (inform) _ about the matter promptly= quickly

6 Naturally, I would like (promote) _ to higher position

7 That author doesn’t mind (criticize) _ by his friends

8 The whole problem certainly needs (consider) _ very carefully

9 That fellow couldn’t avoid (choose) _ into military service

10 I really didn’t expect (introduce) _ to the president

11 Tom was sad about (punish) _ in class yesterday

12 He was always insisted on his _ (call) Dr Tuner instead of Mr Turner

13 To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule _ (break)

14 The bird was lucky that it just missed _ (catch)

15 Please excuse my coming in without _ (invite)

16 No one can prevent the plan _ (carry out)

17 This page needs _ (check) again

18 The rest of the money needed _ (send) to his parents

19 This is the first hotel _ (build) now beside the park designed by a group of young men

20 “Do you want your clothes _ (wash) today?” the maid said

21 Anne hope _ (invite) to join the private club She could make important business contact there

22 People like _ (congratulate) when they have worked hard

Exercise 8: TO INFINITIVE/ GERUND/ PASSIVE INFINITIVE/ PASSIVE GERUND:

1 We want (pay) _ better wages

2 Do you want (become) _ an engineer?

3 These workers don’t enjoy (use) _ as cheap labour

4 Teenagers enjoy (imitate) _ their idol in many different ways

5 The Negro expected (treat) _ like human beings

6 My new hi-fi kept (make) _ a funny noise

7 We hope (invite) _ to discussions with the company

8 Your teacher hopes you (not make) _ that mistake again

9 I’m thinking of (invite) _ to Tom’s party

10 Do you agree (lend) _ me some money?

11 Do you agree (give) _ one mark in that situation?

12 He was made (answer) _ the question by the police

13 He allowed me (use) _ his typewriter

14 She expected (introduce) _ to the principal

15 I don’t appreciate (interrupt) _ when I’m speaking

16 Please quit (smoke) _ right now I can’t stand the smelling

17 Mrs Brown was sad about (steal) _ a lot of precious jewelries

18 She hates (look) _ at by the others

19 Do you agree (lend) _ me some money?

20 I don’t like (criticize) _ when I am not there

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Homework

Exercise 1: Gerund or Infinitive – Fill in the correct form

1 Mary enjoys _ to music (listen)

2 I don’t mind _ the washing up (do)

3 Irregular verbs are not easy _ (remember)

4 Mathew is really good at _ (cook)

5 She waited _ a movie ticket (buy)

6 The doctor encouraged his patients _ healthy food (eat)

7 My flat is easy _ (find)

8 She is interested in _ a doctor (become)

9 He is saving money _ a new car (buy)

10 When I met her I couldn’t help _ her (hug)

11 My favorite hobby is _ (cook)

12 My father helped me _ my homework (do)

13 I’m sick of _ hamburgers every day (eat)

14 It is important _ the net for more information (surf)

15 She advised me _ a doctor as soon as possible (see)

16 I don’t feel like _ English today (study)

17 Isabel got Mike _ her car (wash)

18 _ sport every day is good for your health (do)

19 At last they decided _ the apartment (rent)

20 I pretended _ asleep (be)

21 Sheila stopped _ hello to her friends (say)

22 It’s no use _ over spilt milk (cry)

23 The following questions are easy _ (answer)

24 She told us where _ the necessary material (find)

25 Would you mind _ this letter for me? (post)

26 They suggested _ by bus (travel)

27 We plan _ to Europe this summer(go)

28 It was hard for her _ smoking (quit)

29 We were all happy about _ the New Year in Vienna (celebrate)

30 It seems difficult _ everything about the topic (know)

31 Just avoid _ unnecessary mistakes (make)

32 Can you imagine _ my car before we leave? (finish)

33 We are used _ up early in the morning (get)

34 She enjoys _ (paint)

35 I forgot _ the door when I left (lock)

36 I regret _ you that your application was rejected (inform)

37 We intend _ you next spring (visit)

38 I decided _ more often (exercise)

39 Mary keeps _ about her problems (talk)

40 Ireland doesn’t allow _ in bars (smoke)

41 Nancy seemed _ disappointed (be)

42 I can’t bear _ so much responsibility (have)

43 She is fond of _ picnics (have)

44 She promised _ smoking (stop)

45 They urge their citizens _ more waste (recycle)

46 John is thinking about _ abroad (study)

47 She considered _ to New York (move)

48 The aquarium needs _ (clean)

49 Tom agrees _ me (help)

50 She warned him _ late (not be)

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1 I can’t imagine at home (work)

2 We have decided against a new car (buy)

3 She seems her new job (like)

4 The students hope the exam (pass)

5 He won’t go by plane He is afraid of (fly)

6 I am lazy I don’t feel like any work (do)

7 Remember the letter Otherwise they won’t get it by Saturday (post)

8 Have you ever learned how such a plane? (fly)

9 They were too lazy out with us (go)

10 I always enjoy to my grandfather He always tells me great stories (talk)

11 I’m very interested in French (learn)

12 My pen friend is coming next Friday I’m really looking forward _ her (meet)

13 Don’t you mind away from your family for such a long time? (be)

14 The children promised back by nine (be)

15 I wanted to go alone but Joe insisted on with me (come)

16 Tom offered me home (bring)

17 Why not a weekend in Scotland? (spend)

18 I’m sorry I can’t come to your party but thank you for me (invite)

19 Our neighbors apologized for such noise (make)

20 Paris is always worth to (travel)

21 I’m sure I gave him back the money I remember it back to him (give)

22 She eventually managed her bike (repair)

23 Would you like a cup of coffee? (drink)

24 There’s no point in the matter He has already made his decision (discuss)

25 I prefer to skiing (snowboard)

26 Do you mind Anita to the doctor? (bring)

27 It is difficult him (understand)

28 We had difficulties your house (find)

29 They decided Tennis in the afternoon (play)

30 We expect him us on Sunday (join)

1 They are likely up at any time (show)

2 The man denied the crime (commit)

3 Their memories of in Africa will stay with them forever (travel)

4 He has always been afraid of (fly)

5 is good for your health (swim)

6 Would you mind me the sugar (pass)

7 She promised the report as soon as possible (read)

8 I had a hard time the situation to my husband (explain)

9 She had some problems without glasses (read)

10 Paul gave up five years ago (smoke)

11 What about to the zoo tomorrow? (go)

12 Barca in winning the Spanish championship (succeed)

13 They had fun (ski)

14 My friend was happy me at the party (see)

15 He was ashamed that he had lied (admit)

16 It was very kind of you me (help)

Trang 15

17 She always wastes her time bad books (read)

18 We had no problem from the airport to the train station (drive)

19 She hadn’t expected this task so difficult (be)

20 It’s no use a taxi We’ll be late anyway (take)

21 Don’t forget the document as soon as you are finished (sign)

22 She made me like a real man (feel)

23 video games all the time is very boring (play)

24 She is fond of comics (read)

25 Alvaro admitted during the English test (cheat)

26 The teacher reminded us irregular verbs (learn)

27 The boy refused what his mother said (do)

28 Brenda really hates (study)

29 I used basketball during my college years (play)

30 How long does it take you to the university? (walk)

1 Don't let them _ (cross) that dangerous road on their own

2 What about _ (have) a last drink ?

3 They accused me of _ (break) the window

4 They'd rather _ (go) to Tuscany than to Ireland

5 There was a very good reason for _ (not believe) in what he said

6 I don't know what _ (believe) anymore

7 Remember _ (phone) Tom tomorrow - OK I won't forget

8 The teacher watched the pupil _ (cheat)

9 Why not _ (spend) our holiday in Florida this year ?

10 She is always the last _ (arrive)

11 Most teachers insist on their pupils _ (do) the homework

12 She has often made me _ (cry)

13 I expect _ (hear) from you by Monday

14 It's no use _ (pretend) _ (like) her food

15 How old were you when you learnt _ (drive) ?

16 I don't mind _ (walk) home but I'd rather (get) a taxi

17 I can't make a decision I keep _ (change) my mind

18 We had to keep him from _ (fall) off the cliff

19 He had made his decision and refused _ (change) his mind

20 It was a good holiday I enjoyed _ (be) by the sea

21 Did I really tell you I was unhappy? I don't remember _ (say) that

22 The water here is not very good I'd avoid _ (drink) it if I were you

23 I pretended _ (be) interested in the conversation

24 I got up and looked out of the window _ (see) what the weather was like

25 I have a friend who claims _ (be) able to speak 5 languages

26 I like _ (think) carefully about things before _ (make) a

decision

27 Steve used _ (be) a footballer He had to stop _ (play)

because of an injury

28 How do you _ (make) this machine work ? - I'm not sure Try

_ (press) the button and see what happens !

29 What do you advise me _ ? (do)

30 They intend _ a new house next year (buy)

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Present Participle vs Perfect Participle

I Present participle (Hiện tại phân từ) V-ing

- Thay cho một mệnh đề

+Hai hành động xảy ra đồng thờicùng 1 chủ từ, thì 1 trong 2 mệnh đề có thể được thay bằng hiện tại phân từ

He washed his car and sang happily  Washing his car, he sang happily./ He washed his car, singing happily.

+Hai hành động xảy ra kế tiếp nhau: sự kiện xảy ra trước được thay bằng hiện tại phân từ

She put on her coat and went out  Putting on her coat, she went out

+ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do: (because, since, as)

Because he drove carelessly, he had an accident  Driving carelessly, he had an accident

+ Mệnh đề quan hệ: khi đại từ quan hệ làm chủ từ và mệnh đề quan hệ mang nghĩa chủ động

The girl who lent me this book is my best friend  The girl lending me this book is my best friend

- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian: (after, before, when, while, since, as …)

Since he left school, he has worked in a restaurant  Leaving school, he has worked in a restaurant

- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ: (although)

Although I knew he wouldn’t come, I still keep waiting for him  Knowing that he wouldn’t come, I still keep waiting for him.

Chú ý: Với những mệnh đề trạng từ có cấu trúc be + adj, ta bỏ chủ ngữ và động từ, chỉ giữ lại tính từ

Although he was nervous, he gave a wonderful speech  Although nervous, he gave a wonderful speech

II Perfect participle (Phân từ hoàn thành) having + P2

- Dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề khi hành động trong mệnh đề đó xảy ra trước (thường dùng quá khứ hoàn thành)

khi 2 mệnh đề có cùng chủ ngữ

He finished all his homework and then he went to bed  Having finished all his homework, he went to bed

- Dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian khi 2 mệnh đề có cùng chủ ngữ

After he had fallen from the horse back, he was taken to hospital and had an operation

 After having fallen from the horse back, he was taken to hospital and had an operation

- Thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ:khi đại từ quan hệ làm chủ từ và mệnh đề quan hệ mang nghĩa bị động

The car which is made in Japan is very expensive  The car made in Japan is very expensive

- Thay thế cho Subject + Passive verb

I often saw her at the disco She was surrounded by her admirers  I often saw her at the disco, surrounded by her admirers

He was loved by all who knew her He devoted his life to others  Loved by all who knew her, he devoted his life to others The house was built of wood, so it was clearly a fire risk. Built of wood, the house was clearly a fire risk

- Being + P2 sau after, before, when, since, while, on, by

After the bike was cleaned, it looked as good as new  After being cleaned, the bike looked as good as new

When he was being questioned, he suddenly burst into tears  When being questioned, he suddenly burst into tears

Exercise 1: Choose the best answer

1 Publishing (A) in the U.K, the book has won (B) a number of awards in (C) the recent regional book fairs (D)

2 Building (A) thousands of years ago, the ancient palace (B) is popular with (C) modern tourists (D)

3 Having been selected to present the Association of American Engineers at the International Convention,

A the members applauded him B a speech had to be given by him

C the members congratulated him D he gave a short acceptance speech

4 _ the can, my hand was cut

A As I was trying to open B Having tried to open

C While trying to open D Trying to

5 _, 70 percent alcohol is more effective than 100 percent alcohol

A An antiseptic used B When used as an antiseptic

C An antiseptic when used D How an antiseptic is used

6 , the examinees knew it was time to stop

A Hearing the bell B To hear the bell C Heard the bell D To have been heard the bell

7 with her boyfriend yesterday, she doesn't want to answer his phone call

A Having quarreled B Because of she quarreled

C Because having quarreled D Had quarreled

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Exercise 1: Combine the clauses using participle constructions (Present, Past or Perfect Participle)

1 We switched off the lights before we went to bed  Having switched off the lights, we went to bed

2 The boy asked his mother’s permission and went out to play

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CHAPTER 3: PREPOSITIONS

Cần nhớ - Động từ đi với giới từ

Blame sb for doing st: đổ lỗi cho ai đã làm gì

Criticize sb for doing st: chỉ trích ai đã làm gì

Apologize to sb for doing st: xin lỗi ai vì điều gì

Thank + O + for V-ing: cảm ơn ai về việc gì

Pay for sth: trả cho cái gì

Congratulate sb on st/ doing st : chúc mừng ai vì… Compliment sb on st/ doing st: khen ngợi ai vì… Ban sb on doing st = forbid sb to do st: cấm Insist on doing st khăng khăng, nài nỉ làm gì Depend on sth: phụ thuộc vào

Go on: tiếp tục

Succeed in doing st: thành công việc gì

Participate in = take part in: tham gia

Believe in sth: tin vào cái gì

Arrive in (Ha noi, England); arrive at (the hotel)

Look forward to V-ing: chờ đợi, mong ngóng Contribute to sth/ V-ing: đóng góp, góp phần Get/ be used to + V-ing: quen làm gì

Explain sth to sb: giải thích cái gì cho ai

Accuse sb of doing st : buộc tội ai làm gì

Remind sb of st : nhắc nhở ai nhớ đến điều gì

Approve sb of st : tán thành

Warn + sb + of/ against/ about doing st: khuyến

cáo / cảnh báo ai về việc gì

Worry about sth: lo lắng về điều gì Think about/ of sth: nghĩ về điều gì Dream about/ of sth: mơ ước về điều gì Care about: quan tâm, bận tâm

Complain about sth: phàn nàn về điều gì

Provide sb with st: cung cấp cho ai cái gì

Agree with sb on st: đồng ý với ai về

Deal with: giải quyết, đương đầu

Prevent/stop sb from doing st : ngăn cản ai Borrow sth from sb: mượn ai cái gì

Suffer from sth: chịu đựng

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the suitable prepositions

1 I love this music It reminds me a warm day in spring

2 Janet warned me the water She said it wasn’t safe to drink

3 Cory is accused breaking into the neighbor's house

4 Mark apologized Jack starting the argument

5 If you try hard, you can succeed reaching your goal

6 I am looking forward exploring my options

7 They don't blame me wanting to improve my education

8 My father warned me thinking negative thoughts Think positive!

9 My grandfather suffered arthritis

10 I don't know what we'll do at the weekend It depends the weather

11 A lot of people borrow money the bank

12 My mother doesn't approve my new boyfriend

13 I congratulated her winning the tournament

14 He has a bodyguard to protect him enemies

15 His parents don’t approve what he does but they can’t stop him

16 The careers officer will provide you all the relevant information about the job

17 She complains bullying

18 Laura dreams living on a small island

19 Do you agree staying in a foreign country?

20 The girls insisted going out with Kerry

21 Edward thinks climbing trees this afternoon

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Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences

1 The teacher accused Michael cheating on the test

A for B of C in D on E with F about G from I to K against

2 I agree your answer for the problem

3 He apologized to his friends his rude behavior

4 The teacher approved his plan for his research paper

5 He believes his solution for the problem

6 He blames his poor English his grade on the test

7 The students complained the food in the cafeteria

8 The teacher congratulated all the students their final reports

9 Success may depend becoming more patient

10 Mary approves my plan Michael disapproves of my ideas

11 She explained her ideas about the project the teacher

12 The teacher insists our being on time to class

13 Michael looked forward visiting his family

14 All the students participated the discussion

15 We paid $120 our textbooks

16 Her poor Spanish prevented her getting the job in Peru

17 I provided Michael information for his report

18 Michael reminds me my brother

19 She succeeded her ambition to be a teacher

20 Michael thanked Mary her advice

21 Mary worries her grades

22 Olivia arrives school at 8:00 a.m

A for B of C in D on E with F about G from I to K at

23 You must get used working long hours

24 We warned them using this computer

25 The patient worries having the check-up

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Exercise 3: Read the Context and fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions

Olivia is a dynamic person with leadership qualities Olivia is the oldest of six children, all of whom count

on her for guidance And there is so much they can learn from her It is hard to account for her energy,

which seems endless Olivia participates so many activities

Olivia has run for President of her high school class three times and has won Her classmates support her

because she cares them She fights for what is right Olivia believes equality for everyone For example, the girls in her school complained the lack of funds for their sports activities She succeeded convincing the faculty to form a women's basketball team on

campus Olivia also arrange for a meeting with the school board to petition them to add Dance as an official physical education class Besides that, Olivia argued for better Internet access for a number of students who

had no Internet connection at home She asked for 24/7 access to WiFi on campus

The school district could not afford to pay a nighttime librarian, but they could help in another way Olivia talked the school administrators into leaving both the WiFi and the lights on outside of the library at night This compromise provided students Internet access and a well-lighted place to

study on the library steps The simple solution cost nothing and resulted in better Internet access for all the

students It is hard to explain her success anyone She is devoted to her causes She wades through problems and finds cost-effective solutions

Olivia's teachers will recommend her to any university that she wants to attend She is assured of a place in

the college or university of her choice A scholarship will furnish her with most of her needs She will deal _ unexpected costs by working and saving up money over the summer Olivia's Her high school classmates and teachers know that she will go _ and have a bright future

Exercise 4: Rewrite the following sentences

1.“I must see the manager.” he cried

4.“Turn off the computer You are not allowed to play game now,” Dick mother said

 Dick’s mother prevented _

5.“I’m sorry that I broke the glass, Carol” said Peter

 Peter apologized

6.“You should have waited for us,” the team leader said to John

 The team leader criticized

7.“You damaged my camera’ said Jane to Henry

11 We are expecting a rise in food prices this month

 We are looking forward

12 I've got into the habit of turning on the TV as soon as I get home

 I have got used

13 I’m afraid that I am gaining weight very fast

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Cần nhớ - Tính từ đi với giới từ

Be famous for = be (well-) known for: nổi tiếng

Be sorry for/ about: xin lỗi về

Be responsible for: chịu trách nhiệm

Good at/ bad at: giỏi/ tệ

Be surprised at: ngạc nhiên

Be disappointed at: thất vọng về điều gì

Be interested in: đam mê

Be successful in: thành công Be keen on: thích Be dependent on: phụ thuộc vào

be afraid of: sợ, e sợ be scared of: sợ

be tired of: mệt mỏi be fond of: thích

be proud of: tự hào be sick of: chán

be composed of: bao gồm be aware of: biết

Be fed up with = be bored with: chán

Be crowded with: đông đúc

Be contented with = be satisfied with: hài lòng

Be concerned with/ about: liên quan đến

Be acquainted with: quen với

Be used to = be accustomed to: quen làm gì

Be addicted to: nghiện (game) Devoted to = dedicated to: tận tâm

Be able to = be capable of: có thể

Be grateful to: biết ơn

Exercise 5: Match the sentences with the suitable Prepositions

1 They are afraid losing the match

2 John is good working in the garden

3 The girl is crazy playing tennis

4 I'm tired waiting for you

5 We are excited making our own film

6 Sandy is famous singing songs

7 I'm fed up being treated as a child

8 Hannah is fond going to parties

9 Are you interested writing poems?

10 Joe is keen drawing

11 She is proud riding a snowboard

12 I'm worried making mistakes

Exercise 6: Fill in the gerund with the correct PREPOSITION

1 Marius is very good _ (do) archery

2 My wife is keen _ pop songs (sing)

3 The construction workers are worried _ their jobs (lose)

4 The pupil is known _ problems (cause)

5 Some people are afraid _ (fly)

6 Mr S and Mr Seibel are very bad _ (paint)

7 Tourists in New York are interested _ (visit) all the sights

8 The students of the E-Course English 8 are tired _ (write) tests

9 The hikers are worried _ enough water (not have)

10 We are accustomed _ our own bath (have)

11 The teenager is addicted _ TV (watch)

12 The actor is famous _ crazy once in a while (be)

13 The money will be devoted _ the environment (protect)

14 The au-pair is successful _ the children busy for some time (keep)

15 George Clooney is proud _ in humanitarian projects (take part)

FROM

TO ABOUT FOR

Trang 22

Exercise 7: Match the First part to the second part of the following sentences

1) England is famous _ at music

2) It's great that you got that job - you should be proud _ from French cheese

3) He isn't really interested _ of eating hamburgers all the time 4) She is very terrified _ for breaking the vase

5) Unfortunately, I'm very bad _ for its rainy weather

6) I am grateful _ about the party

7) She's very excited _ to you for all you have done for me 8) English cheese is very different _ of yourself

9) She said she was sorry _ of spiders

10) Jamie is sick _ in getting married

Exercise 8: Fill in the blanks with the correct PREPOSITION

1 A: Are you any good _ chess? B: No, not really I nearly always lose

2 Football and advertisements! I'm really fed up _ the telly these days

3 I can't believe it Carlos is afraid _ pigeons It's ridiculous

4 She is capable _ great things!

5 Carla is very worried _ her exams

6 I wasn't interested at all _ walking the dog

7 He is quite famous _ his paintings

8 Are you aware _ the situation in Sierra Leone?

9 She's very excited _ her trip to Egypt

10 I'm very bad _ tennis, I'm afraid

11 Are you still fond _ romantic films?

12 I’m very interested _ nature and the environment

13 My sister is very keen _ golf

14 I’m tired _ playing computer games all day

15 Hobbits are different _ dwarves

16 Dad is very proud _ his old coin collection

17 He is afraid _ spiders

18 The restaurant will be crowded _ tourists next week

19 Mike wasn't very keen _ going to the cinema

20 That man was responsible _ the accident

Exercise 9: Choose the best preposition to use in each of the sentences:

1 I'm not capable that type of behavior

2 Smoking is bad you

3 I'm so angry this!

4 I'm so angry _ you!

5 She was dressed _ pink

6 This restaurant is famous _ its mussels

7 George is married _ a German woman

8 Are you afraid him?

9 I'm so proud _ you!

10 We're not associated _ that company

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Cần nhớ - Danh từ đi với giới từ

FOR

reason for: lý do cho điều gì trouble for: rắc rối

talent for: sự tài năng reputation for: tiếng, danh tiếng

TO

Do harm to = damage to: làm hại solution to: giải pháp cho

ON Emphasis on = focus on: nhấn mạnh (have an) effect on sth: ảnh hưởng lên

IN

(have) difficulty in: gặp khó khăn interest in: sự đam mê

Confidence in: tự tin increase/ decrease in: tăng/ giảm

OF

 Advantage/ disadvantage of: lợi thế chance of = opportunity of: cơ hội

 (be in) danger of: có nguy cơ hope of: hy vọng

 idea of: ý tưởng risk of: nguy cơ

 way of: cách experience of/ in: kinh nghiệm

habit of: thói quen (have) intention of: có ý định

as a result of: là do cause of: nguyên nhân của

Exercise 10: Fill in the blanks with the correct PREPOSITION

1 What is the advantage farming over hunting?

2 There's a chance catching a cold these days

3 Peggy is in danger making a mistake

4 He has difficulty texting

5 There's little hope catching the new Corvette

6 I like the idea setting up a new email account

7 There's no interest writing letters

8 There's some opportunity bringing her parents together again

9 There's a real reason winning the contest

10 There's a risk digging too deep

11 He was in trouble stealing

12 This is a new way building a wall

13 She has a lot of experience dealing with mentally ill patients

14 My sister has got a talent learning languages

15 He has a habit smoking in the morning

16 The main disadvantage flying is that planes are often delayed

17 Her reputation winning difficult games is well-known

18 Our reason going to Lindelbrunn was the season

19 I like the idea working in a Spanish school one day

20 Many people in Libya have the hope living in peace now

Exercise 11: Choose the best answer to fill in the blank

1 To cater for the growing interest information technology, we have had to put on three extra courses this year

2 Is there any chance seeing you about this some time today?

3 We need to put more emphasis _ improving staff morale rather than buying more equipment

4 Have you had any experience this type of work?

5 They have been offered a considerable increase _ salary in return for more flexibility

6 I have no intention resigning It's up to them to dismiss me if they aren't satisfied

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7 By the way, congratulations winning the Waverley contract!

8 As a result the adverse publicity, their sales went down

9 I didn't think there was any reason him to shout at me

10 The rise in interest rates had had a considerable effect sales of furniture and kitchen appliances

11 We have every confidence your organising ability

12 I hope they find a solution this storage problem soon!

13 The decrease demand has caused a huge drop in their profits

14 The storm did a lot of damage the roof

15 Did they give you the reasons their decision?

16 What was the cause the problem?

17 They were congratulated for their success tracking him down

Homework

Exercise 1: Fill in the correct prepositions

1 Are you afraid _ spiders?

2 We enjoyed our holiday but we were disappointed _ our hotel

3 I was surprised _ the way he behaved

4 He is very fond _ animals

5 She doesn’t often go out in the night because she’s afraid _ the dark

6 I learn Spanish but I’m not very satisfied _ my progress

7 George is terrible! He is always short _ money!

8 My opinion will depend _ his behaviour

9 Ask Jane, she is good _ English

10 He is responsible _ what appears in his newspaper

11 He wasn’t very keen _ going to the cinema

12 Are you good _ repairing things?

13 They are interested _ sports

14 Amsterdam is famous _ its canals

15 He said he was sorry _ the situation but there was nothing he could do

16 Sorry I'm not proud _ what I did

17 She's responsible _ the company's PR

18 The city centre is crowded _ shoppers

19 The reason _ this meeting is to discuss the merger

20 The decrease _ profits is due to the bad market

21 The cause _ his problems is his wife

22 Did you do any damage _ the car?

23 I was surprised _ his reaction to the problem

24 The advantage _ having free time is that you can do anything you want with it

25 We had little hope _ success; nonetheless, we decided to perform the operation

26 The cash-for-vote scandal did a lot of harm _ his reputation as a conscientious politician

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Exercise 2: Fill in the correct prepositions

1 We would like to see a big increase _ productivity

2 I have no interest _ politics

3 I admire their way _ doing things

4 This city is famous _ its museums and art galleries

5 Her story is different _ your story

6 People are responsible _ their actions

7 She is confident _ good results

8 What are you interested _?

9 He is accustomed _ hot weather

10 She is worried _ her son's health

11 He is trustworthy and reliable You can depend _ him

12 Do you believe _ ghosts?

13 Her parents didn't approve _ her marriage to that man

14 They arrived _ London early in the morning

15 Don't worry _ it Everything will be OK

16 They objected _ his plan at first but accepted it later

17 She is looking forward _ his aunt in Chicago (visit)

18 The construction workers worried _ their jobs (lose)

19 My wife apologized _ late (be)

20 The au-pair succeeds _ the children busy for some time (keep)

21 He blamed me _ the CD player (damage)

22 We talked _ (have) a Singstar-party next week

23 Mr and Mrs B are dreaming _ (go back) to the US one day

24 I've waited _ Judy for 30 minutes I’m going home

25 Stop talking and concentrate _ your work

26 I don't know what we'll do at the weekend It depends _ the weather

27 She will arrive _ Beijing at 3 p.m

28 I like to listen _ the radio when I wake up

29 A lot of people borrow money _ the bank

30 Who does this coat belong _?

31 She left without paying _ the meal

32 When she arrived _ the pub, it was already closed

1 She is looking forward _ his aunt in Chicago (visit)

2 My wife is keen _ pop songs (sing)

3 She has a lot of experience _ with mentally ill patients (deal)

4 The secretary carried _ the letter (type)

5 The construction workers worried _ their jobs (lose)

6 They tried to cope _ in bad weather (work)

7 The pupil is known _ problems (cause)

8 My wife apologized _ late (be)

9 The teacher always keeps _ his timetable (complain)

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10 I insisted _ the dog for a walk myself (take)

11 The teenager is addicted _ TV (watch)

12 The actor is famous _ crazy once in a while (be)

13 The money will be devoted _ the environment (protect)

14 The au-pair succeeds _ the children busy for some time (keep)

15 He blamed me _ the CD player (damage)

16 George Clooney is proud _ in humanitarian projects (take part)

17 I’m tired _ the same things over and over again (repeat)

18 She said she was sorry _ the vase (break)

19 She is scared _ alone at night (be)

20 I’m very excited _ tomorrow’s game (attend)

21 Jamie is sick _ hamburgers all the time (eat)

22 My sister has got a talent _ languages (learn)

23 The hikers are worried _ enough water (not have)

24 We are accustomed _ our own bath (have)

25 He has a habit _ in the morning (smoke)

26 The main disadvantage _ is that planes are often delayed (fly)

27 Her reputation _ difficult games is well-known (win)

1 Marius is very good _ (do) archery

2 Our reason _ (go) to Lindelbrunn was the season

3 I like the idea _ (work) in a Spanish school one day

4 Some people are afraid _ (fly)

5 Mr S and Mr Seibel are very bad _ (paint)

6 Tourists in New York are interested _ (visit) all the sights

7 Many people in Libya have the hope _ (live) in peace now

8 The students of the E-Course English 8 are tired _ (write) tests

9 We talked _ (have) a Singstar-party next week

10 Mr and Mrs B are dreaming _ (go back) to the US one day

11 I've waited _ Judy for 30 minutes I’m going home

12 Stop talking and concentrate _ your work

13 He explained the computer program _ me

14 I don't know what we'll do at the weekend It depends _ the weather

15 She will arrive _ Beijing at 3 p.m

16 I like to listen _ the radio when I wake up

17 A lot of people borrow money _ the bank

18 Who does this coat belong _?

19 She left without paying _ the meal

20 When she arrived _ the pub, it was already closed

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CHAPTER 4: RELATIVE CLAUSE

Who (+V/ + S+ V) (giới từ +) Whom (+ S+ V)

- làm chủ ngữ và tân ngữ của mệnh đề phụ

- không thể kết hợp với giới từ

The man who is sitting by the fire is my father

That is the man who we hired yesterday.

- làm tân ngữ của mệnh đề phụ

- có thể kết hợp với giới từ

The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt

The boy whom we are looking for is Tom.

(giới từ +) Which (+V/ + S+ V) That (+V/ + S+ V)

- làm chủ ngữ và tân ngữ của mệnh đề phụ

This is the book which I like best

The hat which is red is mine

- Which thay thế cho mệnh đề đứng trước nó

She got bad result, which made her parents unhappy

She couldn’t come to my birthday party, which is a pity.

- Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người và vật, làm chủ ngữ và tân ngữ của mệnh đề phụ

That is the bicycle that belongs to Tom

My father is the person that I admire most

 Các trường hợp bắt buộc dùng THAT

- Sau danh từ chỉ cả người lẫn vật

I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park

- Sau hình thức so sánh nhất

She is the nicest woman that I’ve ever met

- Sau the first, the second, the third , the last, the only

He is the first student that comes to class

- Sau các đại từ something/one, anything/one, nothing/one, all, little, much, none…

He never says anything that is worth listening to

- Sau It is/ was… trong cấu trúc nhấn mạnh

It is the teacher that is important, not the kind of school he teaches in

 Các trường hợp không dùng THAT

- Trong mệnh đề quan hệ chứa dấu “,”)

- Sau giới từ (in, on, at,…)

Whose (+ N)

- thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu (her, his, their,… hoặc

hình thức ‘s,), dùng cho cả người và vật

Whose + N = The + N + of which

The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom

John found a cat the leg of which was broken.

When (trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian)

- thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian: then, at that

time, on that day, …

May Day is the day when people hold a meeting (= on which)

I’ll never forget the day when I met her (=on which)

That was the time when he managed the company (= at which)

Where (trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi trốn)

That is the house where we used to live (= in which)

Why (trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do)

Please tell me the reason why you are so sad (= for which)

Exercise 1: Choose the best option A, B,c or D to complete each of the following sentences:

1 About _ were you talking when I met you yesterday? My new teacher

A which B what C whom D who

2 Ann quit her job at the advertising agency, _ surprised every one

A that B who C which D that it

3 The house _ I lived as a child has been pulled down now

A where B that C which D when

4 The man _ I saw last week said something totally different

A where B whom C whose D which

5 Is that the adress _ we send our letter to?

A where B that C which D when

6 It is the best film _ we ever seen

A when B which C that D where

7 The only thing _ She want from you is money

A that B who C which D that it

8 The house _ owner has gone abroad is over there

A which B where C whose D that

9 The head master, _ work is too much needs an assistant

A that B who C which D whose

10 I’d like something _ is different from that one

A whose B who C which D that

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11 The teacher notices the students _ often come to class late

A that B which C who D A & C are correct

12 The house in _ I was born is for sale

A which B whom C that D A & C are correct

13 That is the chair _ he used to sit on for meals

A which B whose C that D A & C are correct

14 What is the picture _ you are looking at?

A which B when C whose D A & C are correct

15 In the middle of the village, there is a well from _ the villagers take water to drink

A that B which C whom D A & B are correct

16 There is a NO PARKING sign _ I did not take notice of

A that B which C who D A & B are correct

17 I must thank the people _ I got the present from

A who B whom C that D All are correct

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with the correct relative pronouns: who, whom, which, that, when, where, whose,…

1 Alexander Fleming was the man _ discovered penicillin

2 I like meeting people _ have travelled widely

3 The school _ I was educated has been demolished

4 The man I was talking to last week gave me another version of the events

5 I am working for a construction company _ head office is in Leeds

6 My grandfather, _ was an extraordinary pianist, lived until the age of ninety

7 The book _ we read in the course was written by Roald Dahl

8 For years he lived a life _ was very pleasurable

9 My car, _ I bought in Germany, needs repairing

10 Jeremy, _ is a famous author, is coming to see me today

11 The baker _ I gave my check was quite friendly

12 I was invited by the girl _ I met at Ethels' birthday party

13.I went to the restaurant _ Jane recommended to us

14.These walls are all _ remain of the city

15 We reciveed an offer of 80,000 USD for the house, _ we accepted

16 The man _ wife you met lives next door

17 Is there anything _ I can do to help?

18.One of the people _ were arrested was Mary

19.The professor _ I talked to didn't know the answer to my question

20 A child _ mother loves him or her will grow up with confidence

21 Many people just couldn't keep promises _ require a lot of effort to fulfil

22 Tom is a student _ has received the scholarship from his university

23 Betty White, _ is a nurse in a small town, is said to get married

24 The actor was born and grew up in a small town _ his father had spent his childhood long ago

25.We have ever met the famous professor _ we highly appreciate

26 Miss Betty Jane bought a radio _ cost $ 20

27 There are a lot of English books and dictionaries _ are put on the selves

28 She is the most dedicated teacher _ all her students highly appreciated

29 He is the only leader _ will be expected to come to see this village

30 Sunday is the day _ all state employees, pupils and students have a day off

31 The house, _ is located by the lake , is said to be the most beautiful in this town

32 Her mother is a good doctor _ you met in a shop yesterday

33 The secretary gave me a long document _ she had already typed

34.Is there anyone _ can help you to do that

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35.Let me all the letter _ you have already written

36 Nepal is a country _ both Buddhism and Hinduism are practised

37.Mrs Linda, _ you met yesterday, will come to see our village in two days

38 In 1970, _ I was born, the villager were building that bridge

39 Let me see all the letters _ you have written

40 Is there any one can help me do this?

41 Mr Brown, _ is only 34, is the director of this company

42 I know a place roses grow in abundance

43 We must find a time _ we can meet and a place _ we can talk

44 The teacher with we studied last year no longer teaches in our school

45 They showed me the hospital buildings had been destroyed by US bombings

46 We saw many soldiers and tanks were moving to the front

47 Dr Fleming, _ discovered penicillin, was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945

48 He joined the political party _ was in power

49 Love, is a wonderful feeling, comes to everyone at some time in his life

50 Freedom is something for _ millions have given their lives

Exercise 3: Decide whether the following relative clauses are defining (without “,”) or non-defining (with “,”)

Dùng dấu “,”sau

Danh từ riêng (Peter, Paris,…) This/ that/ these/ those + N

(this boy, those girls,…)

My/ his/ her/ our/ their/ your

(my parents, her dog,…)

1 I have three brothers

A My brother who lives in Sidney came to see me last month

B My brother, who lives in Sidney, came to see me last month

2 I have one sister

A My sister who is 25 years old spent her holiday in France

B My sister, who is 25 years old, spent her holiday in France

3 Bob's mum has lost her keys

A Bob's mum who is a musician has lost her car keys

B Bob's mum, who is a musician, has lost her car keys

4 My friend Jane moved to Canada

A My friend Jane whose husband is Canadian moved to Canada last week

B My friend Jane, whose husband is Canadian, moved to Canada last week

5 I am a shoe fanatic

A The shoes which I bought yesterday are very comfortable

B The shoes, which I bought yesterday, are very comfortable

6 Mr Robinson is very famous

A Mr Robinson whom I met at the trade fair is a famous inventor

B Mr Robinson, whom I met at the trade fair, is a famous inventor

7 Tamara has two cats Both of them are black

A Tamara's two cats which can play outside are black

B Tamara's two cats, which can play outside, are black

8 Kevin has four cats Two of them are black

A Kevin's two cats which are black can play outside

B Kevin's two cats, which are black, can play outside

9 We are on holiday Yesterday we visited a church

A The church which we visited yesterday is very old

B The church, which we visited yesterday, is very old

10 We are on holiday Yesterday we visited a church

A St Mary's Church which we visited yesterday is very old

B St Mary's Church, which we visited yesterday, is very old

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Cách nối câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ

Exercise 4: Combine each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun or relative adverb

1 She is the most intelligent woman I’ve ever met this woman

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22 The day was rainy She left on that day

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C GIỚI TỪ ĐI VỚI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (giới từ + Whom/ which)

- Nếu whom/which làm tân ngữ của 1 ngữ động từ =1 động từ + 1 giới từ thì đưa giới từ lên trước whom/which

The man about whom you are talkingis my brother The picture at which you are looking is very expensive

- Nếu whom/ which là tân ngữ của một ngữ động từ = 1 động từ + 2 giới từ thì 2 giới từ đó vẫn phải đứng

đằng sau động từ

The man whom you are looking forward to is the chairman of the company

 Chú ý: Khi giới từ đứng cuối mệnh đề quan hệ xác định thì ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ và có thể dùng that

Exercise 5 Use a Relative pronoun preceded by a preposition to combine each pair of sentences below:

1 This is a rare opportunity You should take advantage of it to get a better job

(Lược bỏ ĐTQH có chức năng tân ngữ)

Non-defining relative clauses

(Dùng dấu “,”) (Không lược bỏ ĐTQH có chức năng tân ngữ)

- Là bộ phận quan trọng của câu, nếu bỏ đi

mệnh đề chính không có nghĩa rõ ràng

- Giữa các mệnh đề không có dấu phẩy

- That có thể được sử dụng trong mệnh đề này

- Có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ khi có chức

năng làm tân ngữ và không đứng sau giới từ

The man who keeps the school library is Mr Green

The girl that is wearing the blue dress is my sister

Chú ý: Đại từ quan hệ whose không được

lược bỏ

- Là phần giải thích thêm; nếu không có mệnh đề này, mệnh đề chính vẫn có nghĩa rõ ràng

- Thường được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bởi các dấu phẩy

- Danh từ đứng trước thường là tên riêng hoặc trước các danh từ thường có: this, that, these, those, my, his her…

- That không được dùng trong mệnh đề này

- Không được lược bỏ đại từ quan khi có chức năng làm tân ngữ trong câu

That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr Pike This is Mrs.Jones, who helped me last week

all, most, none, neither, any, either, some, (a)few, both, half, each, one, two, several,

many, much, + of which/ whom

Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers I tried on three pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me Two boys, neither of whom knew me, came into my class They have got two cars, one of which they seldom use

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Exercise 6 Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences if necessary

1 That man who lives next door is very friendly

2 Everything what he said was correct

3 This person whom I wanted to see was not available until Monday

4 Yesterday I met Mario who told me he was getting married

5 Mr Carlisle whom I spoke last night is very interested in our new project

6 She couldn't come to the conference that was a pity

7 Suzanna has many friends, most of which she went to school with

8 She tried on several jackets, none of whom fit her

9 Melanie that has just bought a house near Gatwick is getting married

10 This is my brother who's wife is French

11 Samuel Johnson who was born in 1709 was the son of a bookseller

12 My only brother who lives in Sidney came to see me last month

HOMEWORK

1 Choose the best answer

1) The book I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive

A who B whose C that D B & C are corre

2) What’s the name of the blonde girl just came in?

A who B whose C whom D A & B are correct

3) I don’t like people lose their tempers easily

A who B whose C that D A & C are correct

4) Mexico City, has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing city in the world

A which B whose C that D A & B are corre

5) This is Henry, sister works for my father

A who B whose C that D.All are correct

6) He’s the man people like at first sight

A who B whom C that D A & C are correct

7) Could you iron the trousers are hanging up behind the door?

A who B which C that D B & C are correct

8) Where is the girl sells tickets?

A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct

9) The man we consider our leader had much experience in climbing mountains

A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct

10) The artist name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen

11) Frank invited Janet, he had met in Japan, to the party

12) The girl _ design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive the award

A whose B whom C that D which

13) I need to find a painting will match the rest of my room

A whose B whom C who D which

14) There are too many poor people do not have enough to eat in the world

15) The trees have the beautiful flowers grow near the gate of the garden

16) The teacher teaches us French is coming today

A whom B who C that D B & C are correct

17) What’s the music to you are listening?

A whose B which C that D B & C are correct

18) I don’t like the stories have unhappy endings

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19) The students don’t have library cards can’t borrow books from the library

A who B which C whom D A & C are correct

20) Betty is the most intelligent girl I have ever met

A who B whom C that D All are correct

21) Do you know the music is being played on the radio?

22) This channel often shows the cartoons of the children are very fond

A whom B which C that D B & C are correct

23) The dress she bought last week doesn’t fit her well

A whom B which C whose D B & C are correct

24) Do you know a shop sells good coffee?

A which B that C whose D A & B are correct

25) The teacher punished the student was naughty

A whom B who C which D A & B are correct

26) She fell in love with a man was from another country

A who B whom C which D whose

27) I like to write to friends are living far away from me

A who B whom C that D A & C are correct

28) I bought some pencils are in different colours

A whose B which C that D B & C are correct

29) She ate an apple was still green

A who B which C whose D whom

30) This is my beloved school I studied when I was young

A which B that C where D A & B are correct

31) The woman has been arrested lives in an apartment

A that B which C whom D A & C are correct

2 Fill in the blanks with Who, Whom, Which, That, Whose, Where, When

1 Jack London wrote “Iron heel” is a famous American write

2 Rachel had never told me she lived

3 Is there anything I can do?

4 This is the house he used to live

5 They are the men about I was telling you

6 We saw the people car had broken down

7 Is this the best play you have ever seen?

8 That is the woman will be prime Minister one day

9 We all thank him gave us a lot of help

10 Next summer holidays, our family will go to Miami my sister is living

11 The boys are playing in the garden are my cousins

12 He finally married the girl he loved

13 The flowers my friend gave me have withered

14 Mary is the girl bicycle was stolen yesterday

15 Love, is a wonderful feeling, comes to everyone at some time in his life

16 I saw many people and cattle went to market

17 The man to you spoke is my boss

18 Swimming, is a good sport, makes people strong

19 The decision was postponed, was exactly what they wanted

20 I know the place, you can find many beautiful roses

21 I was Dr Fleming discovered penicillin

22 Budapest, is on the Danube, is a beautiful city

23 They show me the hospital buildings had been destroyed by the storm

24 The teacher with we studied last year no longer teaches in our school

25 It is easy to find faults in people we dislike

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3 Combine the two sentences , using a relative pronoun

1 A plane crashed into the ocean yesterday It was carrying 345 passengers

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26 A person should visit Paris That person wishes to have a spectacular view

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4 Combine the sentences using a relative clause (Decide whether to use commas or not.)

1 Last year, we spent our holiday in Scotland Scotland is in the north of Great Britain

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CHAPTER 5: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

If + S + V(s/es), S + will/ won’t + Vnguyên

If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go out

If + S + V(ed/ cột 2), S + would/ wouldn’t + Vnguyên

If I had money, I would buy that car

Lưu ý: Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, chỉ dùng “to be” là WERE

If I were you, I wouldn’t behave like that

If + S + had + P2, S + would/ wouldn’t + have + P2

If you had finished your homework, you wouldn’t have been punished

If + S + had + P2 (yesterday, last night, ), S + would/ wouldn’t + Vnguyên (now/ right now)

If you had gone to bed earlier last night, you wouldn’t be tired now

Exercise 1: Complete the Conditional Sentences Decide whether to use Type I, II or III

1 If Mr Brown (sell) his car last year, he would have got more money for it

2 If Susan takes her driving lessons regularly, she (pass) her driving test

3 If Mr Jones (watch) the news every evening, he would know more about politics

4 If Charlie (not stop) eating these green apples, he'll soon feel sick

5 If you had told me the truth, I (help) you

6 If old Mrs White heard a strange noise, she (call) the police

7 If I (have) good luck, I would have won the first prize

8 If I (be) you, I would throw away all this old junk

9 If I got the earlier bus, I (can) come home at 5 o'clock

10 If mother (make) apple pie, I'll give you a piece

11 If Peter (not leave) earlier, he would miss the bus

12 If we missed the train, we (take) a taxi

13 If he (win) a lot of money, he will fly to Paris

14 If she is ill, she (not come) to our party

15 We (play) tennis if it stopped raining

16 If I had time, I (go) shopping with you

17 If you (speak) English, you will get along with them perfectly

18 If they had gone for a walk, they (turn) the lights off

19 If she (come) to see us, we will go to the zoo

20 I would have told you, if I (see) him

21 Would you mind if I (open) the window?

22 If they (invite) me, I wouldn't have said no

23 My friend (meet) me at the station if he gets the afternoon off

24 If I (do) it, nobody would do it

25 If my father (pick) me up, I'll take the bus home

26 If I (not be) in a hurry, I wouldn't have made so many mistakes

27 She won't finish it on time if she (not start) right now

28 She (get angry) if you had told her

29 It will be a disaster unless they (help) us

30 If you (have) something to eat, you wouldn't have felt sick

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Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer:

1 If someone _ in here with a gun, I'd be very frightened

a would walk b had walked c walks d walked

2 That would happen if you _ to work tomorrow

a don't go b won't go c didn't go d wouldn't go

3 I'm sure she _ if you explained the situation to her

a would understand b will understand c had understood d understood

4 We'll get wet if we _ out without raincoat

a go b went c did go d had gone

5 Unfortunately, I don’t know Philosophy, so I can’t answer your question

a If I know Philosophy, I can answer your question

b If I know Philosophy, I will be able to answer your question

c I f I knew Philosophy, I would be able to answer your question

d If I had known Philosophy, I would have been able to answer your question

6 If they _ soon, I'm not going to wait

a hadn't come b won't come c don't come d didn't come

7 If I find it, I _ you

a will tell b would tell c had told d told

8 What would you do if you _ a million dollars?

a would win b win c had won d won

9 What _if there _ a serious nuclear accident

a would happen/were b happens/were c will happen / was d would happen / had been

10 Sarah probably wouldn't get the job if she _

a applies b had applied c applied d would apply

11 If you _ to me, you wouldn’t have got so much trouble

a listened b would listen c had listened d would have listened

12 If I had known you were in hospital, I to see you

a will go b would go c went d would have gone

13 I think you should stop smoking

a If I am you, I will stop smoking b If I were you, I will stop smoking

c If I were you, I would stop smoking d If I had been you, I would stop smoking

14 If there the rice fields could have been more productive

a had been enough water b were enough water

c would be enough water d are enough water

15 The patient could not recover unless he an operation

a had undergone b would undergo c underwent d undergoing

16 The campfire _ if it _ last night

a wouldn’t be cancelled / hadn’t rained b wouldn’t have been cancelled / hadn’t rained

c would have been cancelled / hadn’t rained d will be cancelled / rains

17 If he a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post

a had had b had c has d has had

18 If I had enough money, I abroad to improve my English

a will go b would go c should go d should have go to

19 The bench would collapse if they on it

a stood b stand c standing d stands

20 It is too bad, Lam isn’t here If he _ here, he _ what to do

a were / would know b is / will know c was / would know d had been / would have known

21 You’ll fail the exam _ you start revising

a if b until c when d unless

Trang 40

Viết lại câu sử dụng câu điều kiện

- Cả 2 câu đều chia thì tương lai thì dùng loại 1

I will go there I will buy you a dog

 If I go there, I will buy you a dog

- Một bên hiện tại, một bên tương lai /hiện tại

thì dùng loại 2

I can’t go out because it is raining

 If it weren’t raining, I could go out

- Nếu có quá khứ trong đó thì dùng loại 3

Lưu ý:

- Câu đề có not thì ta không dùng not trong câu

điều kiện và ngược lại

- Nếu có because thì lấy vế sau because làm

mệnh đề if

- Nếu có so, that’s why thì lấy vế trước so, that’s why làm mệnh đề if

Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences Use the Second Conditional

1) I haven’t got any money, so I won’t buy that CD  If I had some money, I would buy that CD

2) Pigs don’t have wings, so they can’t fly

_ 3) His marks aren’t good because he doesn’t work hard

_ 4) I’m busy, so I won’t come with you

_ 5) They don’t know her, so they won’t invite her to their party

_ 6) I won’t call him because I don’t have his phone number

_ 7) She walks to school because she doesn’t have a bike

_ 8) It’s cold, so we won’t go to the beach

_ 9) I won’t join you because I have to stay at home

_ 10) He won’t lend you his camera because he needs it

_

Exercise 4: Rewrite the sentences Use the Third Conditional

1) I didn’t say hello because I didn’t see her  If I had seen her, I would have said hello

2) We didn’t go out to dinner because Dad finished work late

_ 3) She was angry because you didn’t call her

_ 4) We didn’t hear about the accident because we didn’t watch the news

_ 5) You dropped the vase because you weren’t careful

_ 6) He didn’t pass the exam because he was nervous

_ 7) We didn’t go to the beach because it rained

_ 8) I had a good time because you were there with me

_ 9) They didn’t get a taxi because they didn’t have enough money

_ 10) We were late because our car broke down

_ 11) She didn’t follow my advice, so she didn’t make a profit

_ 12) You didn’t put the milk in the fridge, so it went bad

_

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