THE PLURALS: RULES OF FORMATIONSingular ['sɪŋgjələ] form of a noun - means only one thing or person.. Plural ['plʊərəl] form – means two or more.. To make plural we usually add –s to the
Trang 1THE PLURALS: RULES OF FORMATION
Singular ['sɪŋgjələ] form of a noun - means only one thing or person.
Plural ['plʊərəl] form – means two or more.
1 To make plural we usually add –s to thesingular form. A house – houses A book – books
banana – bananas
2 Add –es to words ending in –s, -ss, –ch, -sh, - x or –z to make the plural
One bus - many buses
a dress - dresses watch - watches
a bush - bushes
a box - boxes
a quiz – quizzes
3
3.1 If a noun ends in consonant+y, change –y
into –i and add –es One baby - two babies
3.2 When words end in a vowel before –y, add
an –s to make the plural. a toy - toys
4 When words end in –f/-fe, change the –f/-fe to a ‘v’ before adding –es. one leaf – leav a wife - wives es
a cliff – cliffs
a chief – chiefs
a chef – chefs
a roof – roofs
a giraffe – giraffes
a handkerchief – handkerchiefs
5 If a noun ends in an –o, add –es to form theplural.
a tomato - some tomatoes
a potato – three potatoes
a piano – pianos
a radio – radios
a photo – photos
a video – videos
a kilo – kilos
a zoo – zoos
a kangaroo -kangaroos
6
Irregular plurals:
6.1 There are some nouns that do not take
–s or –es They form their plurals
differently
1 foot 2 feet
1 tooth 2 teeth 1goose 2 geese
1 man 2men
1 woman 2 women
1 child 2 children
1 person 2 people
1 mouse – mice
6.2 Some nouns have the same singular and
plural form. a sheep – 5 sheep a fish – many fish
a deer – some deer
6.3 Some nouns that English has borrowed
from other languages have foreign
plurals
a criterion – criteria
a phenomenon – phenomena
a datum – data
Note: Adjectives do not change in English! Compare: a strong boy
strong boys
It’s your turn!
Trang 2Exercise 1: Write the plural forms of the nouns:
1 A sofa -
2 A sheep -
3 A trip -
4 An actor - _
5 A play - _
6 A mouse - _
7 A company -
8 A life -
9 A woman -
10 A church -
11 A hero -
12 A chef - _
Exercise 2 Write the plural forms of the nouns:
1 A class -
2 A scarf -
3 An old photo -
4 A grey goose -
5 A big city - _
6 A happy child - _
7 A tornado - _
8 A roof -
9 A match -
10 A monkey -
11 A tie - _
12 A factory - _
13 A sharp knife - _
14 A tooth - _
15 A fish -
16 A dish -