Permeability properties of plastics and elastomers 2003 massey

384 Multilayer Films Multilayer Films - Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Barrier - Chapter 64 .... 398 Multilayer Films - Polyvinylidene Chloride Barrier - Chapter 65 .... 419 Thermoplastic Elasto

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1.0 Nature of Barrier Polymeric Materials 1

1.1 Transport of Gases and Vapors 1

1.2 Mass Transport of a Gas 1

1.3 Special Situations—Coatings and Laminates 2

1.4 Factors Affecting Permeability 2

1.5 Polymers 101 3

1.6 Molecular Design 4

1.7 Elastomers 101 4

2.0 Collected Comparative Barrier Properties of Plastics and Elastomers 5

3.0 Processing 19

4.0 Markets and Applications for Packaging: Overview 22

4.1 Packaging Materials 22

4.2 Markets and Applications 23

5.0 Automotive Fuels 29

6.0 Multilayer Films 40

6.1 General Constructions and Characteristics 40

6.2 Barrier Layers 40

6.3 Relative Humidity of Barrier Layer 43

6.4 Application and Design 43

6.5 Retort Sterilized Packages 44

6.6 Illustrated Multilayer Packaging 45

7.0 Food and Beverage Packaging 49

7.1 Food and Drug Administration, FDA 49

7.2 Barrier Resins 49

7.3 Oriented Materials 51

8.0 Standard Measurements and Tests 52

8.1 Units of Measurement 52

8.2 Standard Test Methods 53

8.2.1 Gas Transmission 53

8.2.2 Water Vapor Transmission 54

8.2.3 Rubber 55

9.0 ASTM Tests 55

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Acetal Resins

Polyoxymethylene (Acetal) - Chapter 1 57

Tabular Information 57

Acrylic Resin Acrylonitrile-Methyl Acrylate Copolymer (AMA) - Chapter 2 61

Graphical Information 64

Cellulosic Plastic Cellulosic - Chapter 3 67

Fluoroplastic Fluoropolymer - Chapter 4 69

Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer (ECTFE) - Chapter 5 75

Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer (ETFE) - Chapter 6 81

Fluorinated Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer (FEP) - Chapter 7 85

Perfluoroalkoxy Resin (PFA & MFA) - Chapter 8 91

Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) - Chapter 9 95

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) - Chapter 10 101

Polyvinyl Fluoride (PVF) - Chapter 11 109

Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) - Chapter 12 111

Hexafluoropropylene, Tetrafluoroethylene, Ethylene (HTE) - Chapter 13 123

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Tetrafluoroethylene, Hexafluoropropylene, Vinylidene Fluoride

Terpolymer (THV) - Chapter 14 125

Ionomer Ionomer - Chapter 15 127

Parylene Parylene - Chapter 16 131

Polyamide Nylon Overview - Chapter 17 135

Amorphous Nylon - Chapter 18 137

Nylon 6 – PA6 - Chapter 19 145

Nylon 66 – PA 66 - Chapter 20 155

Nylon 6/66 – PA 6/66 - Chapter 21 163

Nylon 6/12 – PA 6/12 - Chapter 22 165

Nylon 6/6.9 – PA 6/69 - Chapter 23 171

Nylon 6.6/6.10 – PA 66/610 - Chapter 24 173

Polyamide Nanocomposite Polyamide Nanocomposite - Chapter 25 175

Polycarbonate Polycarbonate - Chapter 26 177

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Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) - Chapter 27 181

Polyethylene Napthalate (PEN) - Chapter 28 183

Polycyclohexylenedimethylene Terephthalate (PCTG) - Chapter 29 185

Polycyclohexylenedimethylene Ethylene Terephthalate (PETG) - Chapter 30 187

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) - Chapter 31 189

Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) - Chapter 32 201

Polyimide Polyimide - Chapter 33 205

Polyolefin Polyethylene Overview - Chapter 34 209

Ultra Low Density Polyethylene (ULDPE) - Chapter 35 217

Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) - Chapter 36 219

Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) - Chapter 37 227

Medium Density Polyethylene and Linear Medium Density Polyethylene (MDPE & LMDPE) - Chapter 38 235

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) - Chapter 39 237

Polyolefin Plastomers (POP) - Chapter 40 249

Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC) - Chapter 41 251

Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA) - Chapter 42 253

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Ethylene-Acrylic Acid Copolymer (EAA) - Chapter 44 281

Polypropylene (PP) - Chapter 45 283

Polybutene, Polybutylene (PB) - Chapter 46 291

Polyphenylene Sulfide Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) - Chapter 47 293

Polysulfone Polysulfone - Chapter 48 295

Polyvinyl Alcohol Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH) - Chapter 49 297

Styrenic Resin Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer (ABS) - Chapter 50 299

Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate Copolymer (ASA) - Chapter 51 303

Polystyrene (PS) - Chapter 52 307

Oriented Polystyrene (OPS) - Chapter 53 311

General Purpose Polystyrene (GPPS) - Chapter 54 313

High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) - Chapter 55 315

Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer (SAN) - Chapter 56 317

Ethylene - Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (EVOH) - Chapter 43 259

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Styrene-Butadiene Block Copolymer (SBS) - Chapter 57 323

Vinyl Resin Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) - Chapter 58 325

Polyvinylidene Chloride (PVDC) - Chapter 59 331

Polyvinylidene Chloride Coated Films (PVDC) Coated Polyester Films - Chapter 60 355

Thermoplastic Alloys Plastic Alloy Polyethylene/Polystyrene Alloy - Chapter 61 369

Multilayer Structures Co-Continuous Lamellae Multilayer Systems Co-Continuous Lamellar Structures - Chapter 62 371

Laminar Multilayer Structure - Chapter 63 375

Multilayer Films Multilayer Films - Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Barrier - Chapter 64 385

Multilayer Films - Polyvinylidene Chloride Barrier - Chapter 65 401

Multilayer Films - Plasma Polymerization - Chapter 66 411

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Multilayer Films - Laminated Fluoropolymer Films - Chapter 67 413

Multilayer Films - General - Chapter 68 415

Thermosets Epoxy Resin Epoxy Thermoplastic - Chapter 69 419

Thermoplastic Elastomers Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomer Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPO) - Chapter 70 421

Polyether Block Amide Polyether Block Amide (PEBA) - Chapter 71 427

Polybutadiene Thermoplastic Elastomer Polybutadiene Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) - Chapter 72 435

Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomer Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomer - Chapter 73 439

Styrenic Thermoplastic Elastomer Styrenic Thermoplastic Elastomer - Chapter 74 443

Vinyl Thermoplastic Elastomer Vinyl Thermoplastic Elastomer - Chapter 75 451

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Butadiene Rubber

Polybutadiene - Chapter 76 455

Tabular Information 455Graphical Information 457

Butyl Rubber

Butyl Rubber - Chapter 77 459

Graphical Information 460Tabular Information 461

Specialty Elastomers - Chapter 81 471

Chlorosulfonated Polethylene Rubber

Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rubber (CSPE) - Chapter 82 473

Epichlorohydrin Rubber

Epichlorohydrin Rubber (ECO) - Chapter 83 475

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Ethylene-Propylene Rubber

Ethylene-Propylene Rubbers (EPM, EPDM) - Chapter 84 477

Tabular Information 477Graphical Information 480

Silicone Rubber

Silicone or Polysiloxane - Chapter 91 499

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Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) - Chapter 92 501

Additional Barrier Materials - Chapter 93 505

Metallized Films 505

Biodegradable or Organic Films 505

Barrier Properties 505

Appendices Permeability of Gloves 509

Permeation Rates 535

Permeability Units Conversion 553

Glossary of Terms 557

Indices Trade Name 587

References 591

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Appendix I

Permeability of Gloves

Gloves are made from several different materials The

following chapter outlines glove permeability by

ma-terial type, listed below are a few characteristics of

some of the broad use materials

Natural Rubber: Excellent flexibility and resistance

to tearing Good resistance to numerous acids and

ketones.[2029]

• Applications Poultry, food processing,

small parts assembly, pharmaceutical

manufacturing, and janitorial/plant

main-tenance.[1129]

Polychloroprene Rubber -Neoprene: Multi-purpose

chemical resistance: acids and aliphatic solvents; no

proteins

Performs well when exposed to sunlight and

pro-tection, with excellent resistance to a wide range of

chemicals, including oils, acids, caustics, and

sol-vents.[1129]

• Applications Petrochemicals,

de-greasing, electronics, refining, and

han-dling oils, acids, caustics, alcohols, and

solvents.[1129]

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Copolymer - Nitrile: Very

good resistance to abrasion and perforation Very good

resistance to hydrocarbon derivatives; no proteins.[2029]

Superior choice over rubber or neoprene when exposed

to aromatic and petroleum solvents, as well as

caus-tics and animal fats.[1129]

• Applications Chemical processing (oil

refining, and petrochemicals), food cessing (red meat, poultry, vegetables,fruit, dairy, and canning), aerospace andautomotive degreasing, automotive as-sembly and painting, machining opera-tions (using cutting oil and coolants,metal fabrication), graphic arts (printingcleanup), furniture manufacturing, elec-tronics (semiconductors, circuit board

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA): Nearly inert to strong

sol-vents, including aromatics, aliphatics, and chlorinatedsolvents—chemicals which quickly deteriorate natu-ral rubber, neoprene, and PVC gloves PVA also of-fers good resistance to snags, punctures, abrasion, andcuts.[1129]

• Applications Electronics, handling

strong organic solvents, working with

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Good resistance to acids

and bases; no proteins.[2029]

• Applications Handling chromic acid,

caustics, oils, and petroleum vents.[1129]

sol-Key to Permeation Ratings:

BTT Breakthrough Time

LDL Lowest Detectable Level

centi-meter per minutes

Trang 12

Table A01-01 Natural Rubber Glove Film

Reference: 1) Ansell Edmont Canners and Handlers 392; unsupported glove film, 0.48 mm thick

2) Mapa Professional Industrial Gloves, 0.4572 mm thick

Key Permeation Rate: N = None detected

Key Comments:

BTT (min)

LDL (phr)

Permeation Rate ( µg/cm 2 /min)

CAS 64-19-7 glacial

glacial 50% conc

23 110

46.6 203

45.4 3.5

1 2 2 Acetone

CAS 67-64-1 23 10

8.5

< 900 158.9

2 Acetonitrile

>480 0.008

< 9 0

V N

1 2 Benzaldehyde 23 10 < V 1 Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)

Trang 13

Table A01-01 (Cont’d.)

BTT (min)

LDL (phr)

2 Butyrolactone ( γ-) 23 60 < 90 G 1 Carbolic Acid

2 Cellosolve Acetate

CAS 111-15-9 23 10

17

< 90 261

2 Citric Acid 10% conc 23 0.25 0 N 1

23 180

256

< 0.9 3.35

2 Dimethylacetamide

2 Dioxane

Trang 14

BTT (min)

LDL (phr)

G N

1 2 Formalin

2 Hydrochloric Acid

CAS 7647-01-0

37.5% conc

concentrated 10% conc

Trang 15

BTT (min)

LDL (phr)

2 Isopropyl Alcohol

2

Lauric Acid, with ethylene

2

Methyl Isobutyl Ketone

Trang 16

BTT (min)

LDL (phr)

CAS 7664-38-2

85% conc

concentrated 85% conc

CAS 1310-58-3

KOH 50% conc

CAS 1310-73-2

NAOH 50% conc

CAS 7664-93-9

50% conc

battery acid 47%

ethylamine

Trang 17

Table A01-02 Polychloroprene Rubber (Neoprene)

Reference: 1) Ansell Edmont Neoprene 29–840; unsupported glove film, 0.38 mm thick

2) Ansell Edmont Neox supported (lined) glove film, specified by glove film weight

3) Mapa Professional Industrial Gloves, 0.750 mm thick

Key Permeation Rate: N = None detected

Key Comments:

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

< 9000

< 9000 106

P P

1 2 3 Acetic Acid

CAS 64-19-7

glacial glacial glacial 50% conc.

23 23

1 2 3 3 Acetone

23

5 10 36

< 900

< 900 295

F F

1 2 3 Acetonitrile

23

30 90 143

< 9

< 0.9 1.71

V L

1 2 3

0 0

N N

1 2 Ammonium Hydroxide

CAS 1336-21-6 concentrated

concentrated 29% conc.

23 23

> 360

1 2 3

1 2

Trang 18

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

< 9

< 9 8.88

V V

1 2 3

1 2 Butanone (2-)

1 2 Butyl Cellosolve

V L

1 2 3

45 240

> 480

< 0.9

< 0.9 N

L L

1 2 3

Trang 19

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

Cellosolve Acetate

CAS 111-15-9

23 23

25 75 127

< 90

< 9 236

G V

1 2 3 Chlorobenzene

0.25 0.25

0 0

N N

1 2 Cresol (3-)

1 2 Diamine

< 0.9

< 9

L V

1 2 1,2 –Dichlorobenzene

Trang 20

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

G L

1 2 3 Dimethylformamide

CAS 62-12-2

DMF DMF DMF

23 23

10 60 217

< 90

< 90 21.4

G G

1 2 3 Dioctyl Phthalate DOP

DOP

23 23

> 360 120

< 0.9

L L

1 2 Dioxane

0.25 0.25

0 0

N N

1 2 Electroless Nickel MacDemid J60/61

MacDemid J60/61

23 23

0.25 0.25

0 0

N N

1 2

< 90

< 90 443

G G

1 2 3 Ethyl Alcohol

CAS 64-17-5

ethanol

23 23

90 180

> 480

< 9

< 9 N

V V

1 2 3 Ethyl Alcohol Amine monoethanolamine 23

23

0.25 0.25

0 0

< 0.9

L L

1 2 Ethyl Ether

23 23

10 10 28

< 90

< 90 488

G G

1 2 3

Trang 21

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

23

45 240

< 0.9

L L

1 2 Ethylene Di-chloride

> 480

0 0

< 0.9

< 0.9 N

L L

1 2 3 Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl

120 120

> 480

< 0.9

< 9 N

L V N

1 2 3 Formalin

0 0

N N

1 2 Freon 12

> 480

< 0.9

< 9 N

L V

1 2 3 Furfural

CAS 98-01-1

23 23

200 120 258

< 90

< 90 13.5

G G

1 2 3 Gasoline

1 2 Hexane

23

45 90 132

< 900

< 90 42.7

F G

1 2 3

Trang 22

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

0.25 0.25

> 480

0 0

N

N N

1 2 3 Hydrochloric Acid

CAS 7647-01-0

concentrated concentrated 10% conc.

10% conc.

37.5%

23 23 23 23

0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25

> 480

0 0 0 0

N

N N N N

1 2 1 2 3 Hydrofluoric Acid

CAS 7664-39-3 48% conc.

48% conc.

23 23

60 75

1 2 3 Hydrogen Peroxide 30% conc.

30% conc.

23 23

5 7

N N

1 2 Hydroquinone saturated

saturated

23 23

0.25 0.25

0 0

L L

1 2 3

23

60 360

< 90

< 0.9

G L

1 2 Isopropyl Alcohol

CAS 67-63-0

Isopropanol; IPA

23 23

0.25 0.25

> 480

0 0

< 0.9

< 0.9 N

L L

1 2 3 Isopropyl Benzene

L L

1 2 3

23

0.25 0.25

0 0

< 0.9

L L

1 2 Lauric Acid, with ethylene

oxide

36% conc 23

23

0.25 0.25

0 0

N N

1 2

23

0.25 0.25

0 0

N N

1 2 Methane Di-chloride

Trang 23

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

60 15 245

< 0.9

< 0.9 0.6

L L

1 2 3

23

25 70

< 90

< 9

G V

1 2 Methyl Chloroform

< 90

< 9

G V

1 2 Methyl Iodide

< 90

< 0.9

G L

1 2 n-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone

1 2 3 Muriatic Acid

CAS 7647-01-0

10% conc.

37.5% conc.

23 23

0.25 0.25

> 480

0

N N

1 2 3 Naphtha

1 2 Nitric Acid

23 23

0.25 0.25

0.25

> 480 140

0 0

N

0

N N

N

1 2 3 1 2 Nitrobenzene

104

3

Trang 24

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

Nitromethane 95.5% conc.

95.5% conc.

23 23

60 90

< 9

< 90

V L

1 2 Nitropropane 95.5% conc.

95.5% conc.

23 23

5 60

< 900

< 90

F L

1 2

23

60 150

< 9

< 0.9

V L

1 2 Oxalic Acid saturated

saturated

23 23

0.25 0.25

0 0

N N

1 2 Palmitic Acid saturated

saturated

23 23

0.25 0.25

0 0

N N

1 2

23

6 6

< 0.9

L L

1 2 Pentane

23

30 45 122

< 900

< 9 34

F V

1 2 3 Perchloric Acid 60% conc.

60% conc.

23 23

0.25 0.25

0 0

N N

1 2 Perchloroethylene

180 390

> 480

< 90

< 0.9 N

G L

1 2 3 Phosphoric Acid

CAS 7664-38-2

concentrated concentrated 85% conc.

23 23

0.25 0.25

> 480

0 0

N

N N

1 2 3 Polychlorinated Biphenyls,

23 23

0.25 0.25

> 480

0 0

N

N N

1 2 3

1 2 Pyridine

Trang 25

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

Comment Reference

23

0.25 0.25

CAS 1310-73-2

NAOH 50% conc

23 23

0.25 0.25

> 480

0 0

N

N N

1 2 3

1 2 Sulfuric Acid

23 23

0.25 0.25

> 480 180

> 360

0 0

N

N N

1 2 3 1 2 Tannic Acid 65% conc

65% conc

23 23

0.25 0.25

1 2 Tetrachloroethane

1 2 Thiethanolamine

CAS 102-71-6

TEA TEA, 85% conc

TEA, 85% conc

23 23

0.25 0.25

> 480

0 0

< 0.9

< 0.9 N

L L

1 2 3 Trifluoroethanol

Trang 26

Table A01-03 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Copolymer (Nitrile)

Reference: 1) Ansell Edmont Sol-Vex 37-165; unsupported glove film, 0.54 mm thick

2) Mapa Professional Industrial Gloves, Stansolv Nitrile, 0.750 mm thick

Key Comments:

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

Acetic Acid

CAS 64-19-7

glacial 50% conc.

> 480

0.1 0.02

1326 N

1 2 Acetonitrile

Trang 27

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

2 Carbolic Acid

2 Carbon tetra-chloride

CAS 56-23-5

< 90 45

2 Cellosolve

CAS 110-80-5

416 0.03

< 0.9 24

2 Cellosolve Acetate

< 90 72

2 Chlorobenzene

> 480

< 9 N

2

Trang 28

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

< 0.9

L L

1 2 Ethylene Di-chloride

9

2 3 Formaldehyde

CAS 50-00-0 37% conc.

> 480

0 8

< 0.9 N

2 Formalin

< 0.9 N

2 Furfural

CAS 98-01-1

Trang 29

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

< 0.9 N

2 Heptane

< 0.9 N

1 2 Hydrazine

CAS 7647-01-0

concentrated 10% conc.

37.5% conc.

23 23

0.25 0.25

> 480

0 0

N N

1 1 2 Hydrofluoric Acid

< 0.9 N

2 Isopropyl Benzene

< 0.9 N

2

Lauric Acid, with ethylene

Methyl Isobutyl Ketone

Trang 30

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

N N

1 2 Naphtha

2 Petroleum Ether

Trang 31

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

F 1

2 Toluene Diisocyanate

< 0.9 N

L 1

2 Trifluoroethanol

1

2

Trang 32

Table A01-04 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Reference: 1) Mapa Professional Industrial Gloves, Pylox, 0.50 mm thick

Note

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

Trang 33

Note

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

Reference

Hydrazine

CAS 302-01-2

> 480 0.7 N 1 Hydrochloric Acid

Trang 34

Table A01-05 Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)

Reference: 1) Ansell Edmont PVA; supported (lined) glove film, specified by glove weight

Key Comments:

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

Trang 35

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

Trang 36

BTT (min.)

LDL (phr)

Trang 37

Appendix II

Permeation Rates

Appendix II is useful for comparing permeation rates

of penetrants through different materials at various

temperature ranges The data is sorted by penetrant

with a secondary sort on temperature and a final sort

on either permeability coefficient (P) or vapor

trans-mission rate (V) Appendix II presents data in the most

concise form Only normalized values for

permeabil-ity coefficient or vapor transmission rate appear

Sup-porting test information, except temperature is notincluded For more detailed information, please refer

to the chapter containing the appropriate material neric family

>25 - 50°C

Polyethylene, HDPE (30°C) 38.5 (P) Rubber, Butyl (IIR) (40°C) 51.8 (P) Polyethylene, HDPE (40°C) 68.9 (P) Rubber, Nitrile (NBR) (40°C) 95.0 (P) Polyethylene, HDPE (50°C) 111 (P) Rubber, Styrene Butadiene (40°C) 397 (P)

Rubber, Latex (NR) (40°C) 1020 (P) Rubber, Polybutadiene (40°C) 2393 (P)

>50 - 75°C

Rubber, Butyl (IIR) (60°C) 156 (P) Rubber, Nitrile (NBR) (60°C) 354 (P) Rubber, Chlorobutyl (CIIR) (65.6°C) 364 (P) Rubber, Butyl (IIR) (65.6°C) 375 (P) Rubber, Styrene Butadiene (60°C) 1080 (P) Rubber, Styrene Butadiene (65.6°C) 1092 (P)

Rubber, Styrene Butadiene (65.6°C) 2048 (P) Rubber, Latex (NR) (60°C) 2315 (P) Rubber, EPDM (65.6°C) 2560 (P) Rubber, Latex (NR) (65.6°C) 2696 (P) Rubber, EPDM (65.6°C) 3299 (P) Rubber, Polybutadiene (60°C) 3810 (P)

Table A02 Permeation Rates

Acetic Acid

20 - 25°C Polyphenylene Sulfide (23°C) 0.79 (V)

Acetone

20 - 25°C Polyethylene, LDPE (24°C) 3.9 - 15.8 (V)

>25 - 50°C Polyester, PET (40°C) 0.87 (V)

Air

20 - 25°C Polyvinylidene Chloride (23°C) 0.03 (P)

Rubber, Chlorobutyl (CIIR) 30.7 (P)

Rubber, Butyl (IIR) (23.9°C) 36.4 (P)

Rubber, Chlorobutyl (CIIR) (23.9°C) 38.7 (P)

Rubber, Styrene Butadiene (23.9°C) 138 (P)

Trang 38

75 - 100°C Rubber, Nitrile (NBR) (80°C) 855 (P)

Rubber, Chlorobutyl (CIIR) (93.3°C) 1183 (P)

Rubber, Butyl (IIR) (93.3°C) 1195 (P)

Rubber, Styrene Butadiene (80°C) 2091 (P)

Rubber, Latex (NR) (80°C) 3793 (P)

Rubber, Butyl (IIR) (80°C) 3974 (P)

Fluoropolymer, ECTFE (-1°C) 32.6 (P)

Fluoropolymer, TFE (-3°C) 41.2 (P)

Fluoropolymer, TFE (-2°C) 68.0 (P)

0 - < 20°C Fluoropolymer, FEP (0°C) 29.0 (P)

20 - 25°C Fluoropolymer, CTFE (25°C) 1.05 (P)

TPE, Urethane (TPAU) (20°C) 43.8 (P)

TPE, Urethane (TPEU) (20°C) 52.5 (P)

Polyethylene, HDPE (20°C) 66.9 (P)

TPE, Urethane (TPAU) (20°C) 78.8 (P)

Argon

20 - 25°C TPE, Urethane (TPAU) (20°C) 105 (P) TPE, Urethane (TPEU) (20°C) 123 (P)

25 - 50°C Polyethylene, HDPE (30°C) 90.2 (P) Polyethylene, HDPE (50°C) 233 (P)

ASTM Fuel Oil B

20 -25°C

Benzene

20 -25°C Polyester, PET (25°C) 0.14 (V) Polyphenylene Sulfide (23°C) 2.5 (V)

> 25 - 50°C Polyethylene, LDPE (35°C) 236 (V)

Trang 39

Carbon Dioxide

20 - 25°C Polyethylene, HDPE (25°C) 228 (P) Fluoropolymer, ETFE (23°C) 232 (P)

Polyethylene, HDPE (24°C) 236 - 276 (P) Polyethylene, HDPE (20°C) 284 (P) Polyethylene, HDPE (25°C) 294 (P)

Polycarbonate (22.8°C) 307 (P) TPE, Urethane (TPAU) (20°C) 350 (P) Polystyrene (24°C) 276 - 433 (P) Polystyrene, GP (23°C) 276 - 433 (P)

TPE, Polyester (23°C) 1267 (P) TPE, Urethane (TPAU) (20°C) 1313 (P)

Styrene-Butadiene Block Copolymer (23°C) 1520 (P) TPE, Polyester (21.5°C) 1555 (P) TPE, Urethane (TPEU) (20°C) 1576 (P) TPE, Urethane (TPAU) (20°C) 1751 (P) TPE, Urethane (TPEU) (20°C) 2014 (P)

Carbon Dioxide

20 - 25°C Polyvinylidene Chloride (23°C) 2.13 (P)

Trang 40

Carbon Monoxide

20 - 25°C Polyethylene, HDPE (20°C) 36.5 (P)

Carbon Tetrachloride

20 - 25°C

> 25 - 50°C Polyester, PET (40°C) 0.03 (V)

Chlorine

20 - 25°C Fluoropolymer, PVDF (23°C) 1.2 (P)

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Số trang	550
Dung lượng	2,81 MB