when / if REAL CONDITIONALS IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE A conditional sentence expresses the idea that the action in the main clause the result clause can only happen when a certain conditi
Trang 1UNIT NINE – TEST 3 (Saturday, Jan 7 th , 2017
I Read the reading selection and then answer the questions below it.
Can dolphins talk? May be can’t talk with words, but they talk with sounds
They show their feelings with sounds Dolphins travel in a group We call a
group of fish a “school” They don’t study, but they travel together Dolphins are
mammals, not fish, but they swim together in a school Dolphins talk to the other
dolphins in the school They give information They tell when they are happy or
sad or afraid They say “welcome” when a dolphin comes back to the school
They talk when they play They make a few sounds above water They make
many sounds under water People can’t hear these sounds because they are very
very high Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them
Sometimes people can catch a dolphin for a large aquarium People can watch
the dolphins in a show Dolphins don’t like to be away from theừ school in an
aquarium They are sad and lonely There are many stories about dolphins They
help people Sometimes they save somebody’s life Dolphin meat is good, but
people don’t like to kill them They say that dolphins bring good luck Many
people believe this
1 Can dolphins talk with words?
2 How do dolphins show theừ feelings?
3 Are dolphins mammals or fish?
4 When do they say “welcome”?
5 Do they make more sounds above or under water?
II Complete the following sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in
brackets.
1 If I see him I….(give) him a lift.
2 The table will collapse if you ….(stand) on it.
3 If I ….(know) his address I’d give it to you
4 He ….(look) a lot better if he shaved more often.
5 If I had had a map I ….(be) all right.
6 If I were sent to prison you ….(visit) me?
7 I (offer) to help if I thought I’d be any use.
8 Unless you are more careful you ….(have) an accident.
9 If I had realized that the traffic lights were red I ….(stop).
10 The flight may be cancelled if the fog ….(get) thick.
III Read each situation then fill in the right form of the verbs in brackets.
1 She will take care of the children for us next weekend because her business
trip was canceled But, she (take, not) would not be taking care of the children for
us next weekend if her business trip (be, not) had not been canceled.
2 Tom is not going to come to dinner tomorrow because you insulted him
yesterday But, he ….(come) if you ….(insult) him.
3 Marie is unhappy because she gave up her career when she got married But,
Marie ….(be) happy if she ….(give, not) up her career when she got married.
4 Dr Mercer decided not to accept the research grant at Harvard because he is going to take six months off to spend more time with his family But, Dr Mercer
….(accept) the research grant at Harvard if he ….(take, not) six months off to
spend more time with his family
5 Professor Schmitz talked so much about the Maasai tribe because she is an
expert on African tribal groups But, Professor Schmitz….(talk, not) so much about the Maasai tribe if she ….(be, not) an expert on African tribal groups.
6 I am unemployed because I had a disagreement with my boss and I was fired
But, I ….(be, not) unemployed if I….(have, not) a disagreement with my boss
and I ….(be, not) fired
7 Nicole speaks Chinese fluently because she lived in China for ten years But,
Nicole ….(speak, not) Chinese fluently if she ….(live, not) in China for ten years.
8 I will not help you study for your test because you have spent the last two
weeks partying and wasting time But, I ….(help) you study for your test if you….(spend, not) the last two weeks partying and wasting time.
9 Eleanor and Ben are not going skiing with us this year because Eleanor just
had a baby But, Eleanor and Ben….(go) skiing with us this year if Eleanor … (have, not, just) a baby.
10 I am completely exhausted, so I will not go with you to the movies tonight
But, if I ….(be, not) completely exhausted, I ….(go) with you to the movies
tonight
11 She is not worried about the conference tomorrow because she is not giving a
speech But, she….(be) worried about the conference tomorrow if she….(give) a
speech
12 Frank is not going to the graduation ceremony because he broke his leg
snowboarding last week But, Frank ….(go) to the graduation ceremony if he … (break) his leg snowboarding last week.
13 They are not releasing the prisoner next month because there was so much
public opposition to his parole But, they ….(release) the prisoner next month if there … (be) so much opposition to his parole.
14 The hotels filled up months in advance because the festival is going to
include jazz artists from around the globe But, the hotels ….(fill) up months in advance if the festival…(include) jazz artists from around the globe.
15 We are not worried about the recent string of robberies in the neighborhood
because the police have started regularly patrolling the area But, we….(be)
Trang 2worried about the recent string of robberies in the neighborhood if the police….
(start, not) regularly patrolling the area.
16 Mr Tuan spent all his savings building his new house Now he can’t afford a
new car But, he… (can / buy) a new car if he … (not / spend) all his savings on
the new house
IV Rewite these sentences, using the suitable types of conditions.
1 We don’t visit you very often because you live so far away
- If
2 He doesn’t speak very clearly – that’s why people don’t understand him
- If
3 David is tired, so he can’t score any goal
- If
4 That book is too expensive, so I’m not going to buy it
- If
5 We don’t go out very often because we can’t afford it
- If
6 It’s raining, so we can’t have lunch in the garden
- If
7 I have to work tomorrow morning, so I can’t meet you
- If
8 I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t eat anything
- If
9 The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly
- If
10 I didn’t know that George had to get up early, so I didn’t wake him up
- If
11 The orphans were ill treated and half starved; therefore they were very
unhappy
- If
12 I was able to buy a car only because Jim lent me the money
- If
13 Margaret wasn’t injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat bell
- If
14 You didn’t have any breakfast – that’s why you’re hungry now
- If
15 I didn’t get a taxi because I haven’t got any money on me
- If
16 Do these exercises carefully or you’ll get bad marks
- Unless
17 Write your paper more carefully or the teacher can’t read it
- If
18 Behave yourself or everyone will dislike you
- Unless
19 I won’t help you if you don’t try your best
- Unless
20 We’ll come to the meeting if we aren’t busy
- Unless
21 Unless we have time, we won’t attend the party
- If
22 If she doesn’t come on time, we’ll go without her
- Unless
V Complete the following article by writing each missing word on your answer sheet Use only one word for each space The exercise begins with an example (0)
Blue Whales
Blue whales, the world's largest animals, have (0) sighted again in British waters for the first time in (1) least twenty years Indications that a population
of blue whales was inhabiting the waters west (2) Scotland came for the first time from the United States Navy, (3) surveillance system picked up the songs
of a lot of different whales American zoologists subsequently identified the blue whale song among (4) Now marine biologist, Carol Booker, (5) actually seen a blue whale there herself She has no doubt about what she saw, because they have distinctive fins which are very small for (6) size She says, 'Worldwide they were almost extinct and (7) seemed they had completely vanished from the North Atlantic, so you can imagine how I felt actually seeing (8) ! However, it is certainly (9) soon to say if it is an indication of a population recovery.' She goes (10) to say, 'What it does show (11) the importance of this area of the ocean for whales, and (12) essential it is to control pollution of the seas.'
Bigger than (13) dinosaur known to man, blue whales are the largest animals ever to (14) lived on earth A blue whale is more than six metres long at birth and, (15) fully grown, its heart is the same height as a tall man and weighs as much as a horse
Trang 30 been 1 at 2 of 3 whose 4 them /others /these 5 has 6 their 7 it 8 one 9 too
10 on 11 is 12 how 13 any 14 have 15 when / if
REAL CONDITIONALS IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE
A conditional sentence expresses the idea that the action in the
main clause (the result clause) can only happen when a certain
condition (the clause that begins with if) is fulfilled The if clause
states the condition, and the main clause states the result
Real Condition
If Clause Result or Main Clause Meaning
If the weather
changes
suddenly,
simple present
tense
I get a headache
simple present
If it snows a lot
tonight,
simple present
tense
they will call off
school tomorrow
future tense
certainty/
prediction for the future
If you have
time,
simple present
tense
you should visit the local museum
modal + VERB
advice/
suggestion/
warning for the future
If it rains,
simple present
tense
don’t open the windows
imperative
instructions for the future
Rule 1 Real conditions express situations that can happen in
They are often used when stating facts, general knowledge,
advice, or instructions.
Rule 2 Real conditions in the present (factual) use the simple
present tense form of the verb in both the if clause and the result
Rule 3 Real conditions in the future (real possibility) use the
simple present tense form of the verb in the if clause + modal
or modal phrase
(should/can/could/may/might, will, be going to, have to) and the
base form of the verb or the imperative in the result clause
Rule 4 Negative forms of the verb can be used in the
condition or result clause or both
ZERO CONDITIONAL Form
In zero conditional sentences, the tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present.
If clause (condition) Main clause (result)
If + simple present simple present
If this thing happens that thing happens.
As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical In zero conditional sentences, you can replace "if" with
"when", because both express general truths The meaning will be unchanged.
e.g.
- If you heat ice, it melts.
- Ice melts if you heat it.
- When you heat ice, it melts.
- Ice melts when you heat it.
- If it rains, the grass gets wet.
- The grass gets wet if it rains.
- When it rains, the grass gets wet.
- The grass gets wet when it rains.
Function
The zero conditional is used to make statements about the real world, and often refers
to general truths, such as scientific facts In these sentences, the time is now or always
and the situation is real and possible.
Examples
- If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
- Plants die if they don't get enough water.
- If my husband has a cold, I usually catch it.
- If public transport is efficient, people stop using their cars.
- If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
Trang 4The zero conditional is also often used to give instructions, using the imperative in the
main clause.
e.g.
- If Bill phones, tell him to meet me at the cinema.
- Ask Pete if you're not sure what to do.
- If you want to come, call me before 5:00.
- Meet me here if we get separated.
PRACTICE Make the zero conditional
1 If I (wake up) late, I (be) late for work
2 If my husband (cook) , he (burn) the food
3 If Julie (not/wear) a hat, she (get) sunstroke
4 If children (not/eat) well, they (not/be) healthy.
5 If you (mix) water and electricity, you (get) a shock
6 If people (eat) too many sweets, they (get) fat
7 If you (smoke) , you (get) yellow fingers
8 If children (play) outside, they (not/get) overweight.
9 If you (heat) ice, it (melt)
10 If I (speak) to John, he (get) annoyed
11 I (feel) good the next day if I (go) to bed early.
12.Lots of people (come) if Jenny (have) a party
13 She (buy) expensive clothes if she (go) shopping.
14 My daughter (pass) her exams if she (work) hard
15 David (be) sick if he (drink) milk
16 The river (freeze) if it (be) very cold.
17 I (like) to visit the museums if I (be) in a new city.
18 I (cycle) to work if the weather (be) fine.
19 My flatmate (clean) really well if she (clean) the house
20 Everybody (be) grumpy if it (rain) a lot