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Rewrite the sentences using linking words or phrases.. See Suggested Answers Section 1 How many people are in your family?. See Suggested Answers Section 8 1 1 Linking words and phrases.

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Optional Further Practice

Suggested Answers Section

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p 1 0 6

p 107

p 1 1 1

Vocabulary Practice

Neighbours

2345

F-l-el trtd-l l3-t-6t t4Ta-1

sense

o l dcrearkeendropdepends

I have a great sense of

o l d - f a s h i o n e d Laura's garden is lovely!Yes, it is She is a(n) <eengardener

Can I give you a hand withthe housework?

B: Yes, that'd be great Couldyou please clear away theplates that are on the table?

6 A: What do you usually do atweekends?

B: Well, it depends on the time

of year In the sum.mer I go tothe beach with my friends Inthe winter I like going to theonema

The three people below are neighbours

in a block of flats in London.

Neelam Gupta is 23 years old Neelam is

Indian and she studies photography at the

Chelsea School of Art She loves her neighbours

and they love her She is a very 1l thoughtful

person who enjoys helping others When her

neighbours are away on holiday she 2l waters

their plants for them and generally 3) keeps an

eye on things Her neighbours are always very

4) grateful to her for her help

Alison Greenway is 25 years old and sheworks as a DJ for a radio station She was born

in Australia but she moved to London when shewas 15 Alison is friendly and 5l easy-going At

weekends she loves 6) chatting and laughingwith her friends in the garden This sometimes7) drives her neighbours crazy, especially whenAlison and her friends play really loud musicl

Georgiana Portman is 58 years old She isEnglish and she is a History Professor at LondonUniversity Georgiana is very artistic and8f creative She plays the violin and the piano andshe loves painting portraits She is a typicalEnglishwoman She is sometimes annoyed byAlison's loud music but she keeps 9l a stiff upperlip about it She is very lO| polite and reserved

4 Underline the correct word, as in the example.

1 Tania is very r_e_s€rygd/thoughtful She doesn't

like expressing her emotions

English people have a reputation/politeness

for being a little eccentric

Stop being such a nosey parker/:llllbilly and

7 Robert is very caring He looks after/looks for

his brother and helos his sister with her

homework

8 Leo doesn't take after/take care of his father

He looks like his mother

9 She's as busy as a bee/bird

10 Without my glasses, l'm as blind as a @{fox

11 As a boss, he's very good with strangers/

emplovees

'12

Could you glgtmake me a favour?

13 Remember to keep in feel/touch wlth us

A: Could you give Mrs Edwards a call, please?

B: a Not at all

@ ves, ofcourse.

A: How often do you clean your room?

B: a l'm sorry but I can't

@ twice a week

3 A: Do you think you could wash the car?

a:@ t'm afraid I can't I have to go to the

suoermarket

b No, I guess not

4 A: Do you mind switching off the TV? l'm

trying to sleep

B: a l'd like to

@ Sure No problem.

A: I'm so sorry for waking you up last night

B:@ Don't worry about it

,Philip works for a

CREATE

FORGETCARE

Richard is an author' He ts verY3) creative and artistic butsometimes he can be a little4) forgetful and

5) careless He never rememberswhere his books and notes are ano

he is alwaYs losing things'' ';- "**'"** ' '-

looks after

1 Mrs Harris takes care of mv little sister while

our parents arg at worK

2 susan r'3{"?BlE?'r.rer father.

for help

5

Grammar in Use

Present Simple Present Continuous

& Present Perfect

Put the verbs in the brackets into presenf

simple, present continuous or pruent pertect

1 A: What time are we meeting (we/meet)

John and Liz?

B: The performance starts (start) at 8:00 so

we are meeting (meet) them at 7:30

2 A: ls lan coming (lan/come) with us to the

restaurant?

B: I don't think (noVthink) so He hasn't

finished (noUfinish) writing his report yet

3 A: Have you seen (you/see) Linda?

B: No, I think she is (be) still at the library

4 A: How often do you exercise (you/exercise)

at the gym?

B: Three to four times a week

A: ls Tanya (Tanya/be) on a diet?

B: No, she just eats (eat) healthy food and

sleeps (sleep) a lot

A: What time are Laura and Penny feaving

(Laura and Penny/leave)?

B: They have already left (already/leave)

A: What are you looking (you/look) for?

B: I am looking (look) for my key I have just

lost (jusVlose) it

A: What time does the Eurostar train leave

(the Eurostar train/leave) for Paris?

B: At half past seven

A: Where are you going (you/go) on holiday

this summer?

B: ltaly or Greece We haven't decided (noU

decide) yet

A: Where does Leo live (Leo/live)?

B: In Kensington, but at the moment he is

staying (stay) with friends in Paris

11 A: Are you having (you/have) a party on

Saturday?

B: Of course I am I have already invited

(al ready/invite) everybody !

12 A: Have you been (you/go) to the doctor's?

B: Yes, but my temperature is still going up

(still/9o up)!

HiClaire,Just a quick message from England!

I can't believe | 1) have been (be) here for two weeksalready I 2) am having (have) such a great time! Theuniversity is very impressive and | 3) feel (feel) soproud to be here

So far, | 4) have met (meet) a lot of students from othercountries and l5) am sharing (sharc) a large room with

a girl from Hong Kong until she gets a room of her own.The head of our department 6) is planning/hasplanned (plan) an international party for this weekend

I 7) hope (hope) it's a good one | 8) haven't been(noUgo) to a party for ages!

When 9) are you leaving (you/leave) for Rome?10) Have you found (you/find) a house yet?

Write back soon

Lots of love,Claire

2 A: lt feels (feel) great to be on holiday,doesn't it?

B: Yes, I am feeling (feel) better already!

3 A: Stan thinks (think) he's so great!

B: I know They say he is thinking (think) ofgoing for the boss's job!

4 A: Look at Karen She is having (have) a greattime

B: Yes, and she certainly has (have) a talentfor dancing

5 A: Why are you looking (you/look) at thatchild over there?

B: Because he looks (look) so much likeDavid

1 0

6

So why is he being (he/be)

so silly right now?

Why are you tasting (you/

taste) the soup?

Because John says it tastes(taste) like water!

Dear Bob,

| 1) om writing (write) to tetl gou about something reo[lgwonderJul that 2) has happened (happen) to me! You 3) know(know) how much I love writing? WeLl., the school newspaper4) has asked (ask) me to be their new editor I con't betieve it I5) hove been waiting (wciD Jor a chance like this Jor ages

Over the pastfew dags, I 6) have been readLng (read) pasteditions oJ the school paper to get sorne ideqs obout whot thepaper ls otl obout | 7) have oLreadg wrltten (alreadglwrite)down lots of notes about what kind oJ stories | 8) want (wcnt)

to include White | 9) have been counting (count) down the dagsbeJore | 10) ottend (attend) thefrst meeting oJthe newspaperstafi | must admlt thot I l1) am becoming (become) more andmore nervous I hope evergthlng goes OK

Wet[, that's mg news 12) Aren't (belnot) gou excitedJor me? l,ttlet gou know whot happens

Bge for now,Mork

ntence transforrnations

Complete the second sentence so that it means the same asthe first Use no more than three words

1 lt's six years since I started learning English

I have been learning English for six years

2 This is the third time we have travelled to New york

We have been to New York,three times so far

3 Claire hasn't visited London for two years

Claire visited London two years ago

4 The last time Helen took a train was in 2004

Helen hasn't taken a train since 2004

5 We have never been to a more beautiful city

This is the most beautiful city we have ever been to

4

Present Perfect Continuous

Write a sentence for each

situation, as in the example Use

for or siirce

1 Maria started working as an

engineer fourteen years ago

She is still an engineer

Maria ttas been warking *s anengineer f*r {aarte€{t y€#rt

2 He started playing tennis two

hours ago lt was 5:00 pm

He has been playing tennis fortwo hours./has been playing

t e n n i s s i n c e 5 : 0 0 p m

3 It is snowing lt started

snowing three hours ago

It has been snowinq for threehours

4 A friend tells you that he saw

Susan The last time yo.u sawSusan was in 2001

I haven't seen Susan since 2001

5 Bill and Richard are taking

karate lessons They startedtaking lessons in March

Billand Richard have been takingkarate lessons since March

6 You are waiting for a friend

outside the cinema You arrivedthere twenty minutes ago:

I have been waiting for twenty

m t n u r e s

7 llna started going on holiday

to Santorini five years ago

Tina has been going on holiday

to Santorini for five years

8 Your brother tells you- he met

David You last saw David agesago.'

I haven't seen David for aoes

:*

?.w

6

7

The people below (1-4)are looking for a house to buy Decide which house (A-F)would be the mostsuitable for them There are two houses you don't need.

Situated in a quiet traditionalvillage, this charming cottage isideal for those who love nature

Set in spacious grounds, it is only

minutes away from theMerseyside Conservation Park

Alice and Martinlove partying They arevery sociable and they havelots of friends They are lookingfor a big house in which theycan entertain lots of peopleand have barbecues inthe summer

Sandra and Rupertare high{liers They havevery busy lives and their jobsare stressful and demanding

They like modern architecture andfurnishings Their ideal house

would be well-organisedand spacious

Designed by famous Mexicanarchitect, Javier Valladares, thiscontemporary house is large,minimalist and practical lt isperfect for those who, are always

on the go

The Browns are a

quiet and friendly family

They are looking {or a house

with a big garden in a nice

neighbourhood close to the

centre They are on h tigni

budget so they don't want

t n c n o n l q l n t n {

money l

This lovely villa is idealfor parties andcelebrations With a largeoutdoor pool and a bigreception room, it isperfect for those whohave busy social livesand love entertaining

This beautifulfamily home isonly two kilometres awayfrom the city centre Situated

in a quiet, safeneighbourhood, it has fourbedrooms and a big garden.You won't believe the pricel

Close to the centre and in one ofthe best areas, this large house with

its five bedrooms is ideal forfamilies, Not only perfect for invitingfriends and family for weekendstays, but also for gardeners looking

for peace and quiet

Stella

loves nature She is

energetic and active and

she soends a lot of time in the

garden She wants to buy a house

in the countryside which she can

fill with beautiful flowers She

also loves taking long walks

This wonderful Mediterraneanstone house is certainly for thosewho want to get away from thestress of city centres anddemanding work schedules Anhou/s flight across the Channel isall you need to reach your ownnatural paradise and at a veryreasonable price

8

and having picnics

Listening & Speaking

Describing People

t'Vou will hear a conversation

between two friends about a

party For questions 1- 5 choose

C The day before yesterday

What was great about the

Pleased to meet you Nice to meet you, too No, no lt's my turn same to you

How're things? r Bye Have a nice day

o Sorry l'm late

1 A: Jane, l'd like you to meet Mr Rochester

B: Pleased to meet you, Mr Rochester

2 A : B y e , L i n d a l ' l l s e e y o u this evening

B : B y e H a v e a n i c e d a y

3 A: Nice to meet you, Albert

B : N i c e t o m e e t y o u , to o A: Have a nice weekend, Mrs Porter

B: Thanks, same to you, Peter

Meeting old friends

Nice to meet you, too haven't we met

o i'd like you to meet This is a great party, isn't it Hi, there What a fantastic party that was

Hi, Andrew l) This is a great party, isn't it?

2) Hi there!Yes, it is John

3) I'd like you to meet my cousin, Val Jordan.Nice to meet you, Val

4) Nice to meet you, too, John!

Val, 5) haven'twe met before?

Mmm, I think we have but I can't remember when

I believe it was at Brian Stock's parfy last sunrmer.Yes, that's right 6) What a fantastic party that was!Yes, it was I haven't seen Brian for ages Is he heretonight?

He's over there Let's go and talk to him

Great!Let's go

Read the rubric and underline the key word#phrases What wordVphrases can you think of related to the

wordfamily? mother, father, brother, sister tall, slim, talkative, etc

This is part of an e-mail vou received from your Mexican friend

Maria

I love my family but sometimes thE drive me uazy My tvvin sister paz is

greot but my younger brother Roberto can be annoying at times so we

often fight obout the silliest things Whoft your family like?

Let's look closer

Read the e-mail and complete the paragraph plan Use the

following headings:

o request for return e-mail

e description of parents - ages, professions, personalities

o greeting and comment on last e-mail

e description of brotherVsisterVcousi ns - persona lities, I ikeVdisl ikes

2

Deon florio,

Wnl Hou/re things? I reollg enjoged reoding goun

ernqil Voudre luckg to hove such o big ond interesting

fonilg

p',Hu fqnilgfs or€oL too t'lg nothen, Heother, is 46 geons

old ond uor{<s qs q l,lqths professon of 0xford Universitg

She's very coring ond thoughtful but sonetimes she cqn be

q little strict l'lg dod, Brion, is 45 He,s o doctor so he

uor{<s long hour.s qnd I dont see hin very often He,s not

strict of qll qnd he con be very geneious lrith pocket

moneg!

kI hove no brpthers or sisters but I hove tuo cousins

@ Tino ond Jo ore idenUcol tuins

ond thegfre mg qge Theg love pop music ond filns qnd ule

often go out together Thegfre funng, tqlkeUve ond eosy

going Houever, Tincds q bit of q chqttertox, uhich con be q

Iittle tining ot Unes!

pnngtog, I've got to go noul - its dinnen tfune.l.hite bqck

soon ond tell ne goun neus.

Toke core,

Julio

Introduction(Para 1) greeting and comment

on last e-mail

(Pan 2) description of parents

-ages, professions,personalities

(Para 3) description of brothers/

si,sters/cousins personalities,likes/dislikes

-C-ondusion(Para 4) request for returne-mail

n , P i c t u r e A - J u l i a ' s cousins Picture B - J u l i a ' s m o t h e r p i c t u r e c - J u l i a ' s f a t h e r

I \ J

Opening/Closing remarks

3 l_Mark the following opening/

closing remarks with OR or CB

Which could you use in Julia's

e-mail?

1 Hi! Guess what? OR

2 Well, that's all from me CR

3 Can't wait to see you CR

4 l'm writing to let you know

8 Hi! What's up? OR

9 How's everything going? OR

4 Look at paragraphs 2 & 3 in the

e-mail Find the topic sentences and

underline them Do the supporting

sentences develop the main idea

of the paragraph? How?

Yes, they do The writer goes on to

describe what she has mentioned in

her tooic sentences

Read the topic sentences below

Think of supporting sentences to

develop the main idea

(See Suggested Answers Section)

1 My best friend Kate is the

kindest girl in the world

2 My brother Jonathan is a talented

pianist

3 Lou and Jane are my favourite

cousrns

Rewrite the sentences using linking words or phrases

(See Suggested Answers Section)

1 Ann is friendly She is caring

2 Bob is hardworking Bob is kind

3 Paul is very enthusiastic He is bossy sometimes

4 Helen is really attractive She's got green eyes and long fairhair

5 Mary is polite and friendly She is forgetful at times

6 Jane is so kind She is always very helpful

7 Harry is very sociable He is intelligent

8 Vivian is like a sister to me Sometimes she gets on mynerves !

(See Suggested Answers Section)

1 How many people are in your family?

2 What do they do for a living?

3 What are they like?

(See Suggested Answers Section)

8

1 1

Linking words and phrases

To make your piece of writing more interesting, you can use avariety of words and phrases to link sentences or ideas together

My cousin Jo is an attractive girl She's got blue eyes and long dark hair

My cousin Jo is an ottractive girlwith blue eyes and long dorkhair

You can link descriptions of similar personal qualities by using

in addition, also, and, moreover, etc

She is caring She is always helping people She is very kind to etreryone.She is caring and is always helping people Moreover, she is very kind

to everyone

You can link descriptions of contrasting qualities by using but,

on the other hand, however, nevertheless, etc

He is hordworking and bright He can be diffrcult at times

He is hardworking and bright, but he can be difficult ottimes

NOTE: When you mention someone's negative qualities youshould use mild language (seems to be, can be rather, etc) Forexample, instead of saying My brother Paulis lazy, it is better to say

My brother Paulcan be rather lozy attimes

Topic sentences

The topic sentence is the first

sentence in the paragraph lt

introduces or summarises the main

topic of the paragraph and gives the

reader an idea of what the

paragraph is going to be about The

rest of the paragraph (supporting

sentences) develops the main idea

of the topic sentence

Call of the

tcnLlsrul Irsi:ftut

Vocabulary practice

Fauna

lake chimpanzee

forest ocean

fu hlinting/fishins

fu tiser

Flora

Cross the odd word out, as in the example

1 woodlands, farmlands, M, hedgerows

2 noise, @, dust, air pollution

3 pollution, starvation, (:Mfr, illness

4 moths, bats, squirrels,@ffiiF

5 bffi, tiger; chimpanzee, wolf

Underline the correct word, as in the example

1 You can make a wildlife pond/garden quite

4 Chinchillas are an endangered species/types

5 The Amazon rainforest has an extraordinarv

1 Mike, have you been on holiday? you,re asbrown as a berry

lf you get a good night,s sleep, you,ll be as

6 Why are trees important? Use the verbs in the list to complete the phrases in the diagram below.

5) protect from

ultraviolet radiation 2) provide shelter for animals

i 4) remove CO, from the

3) release oxygen

Match the two columns and then create

sentences, as in the example

lTItrl use energy-efficient light bulbs

P-l-D-l recycle paper and plant trees

t3lal create a wildlife habitat in our garden

t4Ttrl keep beaches ctean

f5TA] not use our cars in city centres

A help reduce air pollution

B save energy

C protect wildlife

D protect forests

E help save sea turtles from extinction

1 8y using enr:rgy-*ffirient light hulbs,'w* can sav€

enerqy"

2 By recycling paper and planting trees we can

^ r ^ + ^ - + C ^ ^ +

-P r \ J L C L L | \ J I C > 1 5

3 By creating a w i l d l i f e h a b i t a t i n o u r g a r d e n s

we can orotect wildlife

4 By keeping beaches clean we can help save

sea turtles from extinction

5 By not using our cars in city centres we can

h e l p re d u c e a i r p o l l u t i o n

Underline the correct words

1 My neighbours are going to raise/s'lar! a

campaign against the cutting down of the big

tree outside their house

We are trying to raise/recycle money to build a wildlife pond in the local park

On Sunday, students from our school are going

to planVprotect trees on top of that hill

4 At home we try to use/recvcle as much rubbish as oossible

5- lf you want to help planVprolec! wildlife,

w h y d o n ' t y o u adopt an animal?

6 We use/start public transport a lot: this way

w e h e l p re d u c e a i r p o l l u t i o n

Phrasal verbs

Join the parts of the sentences

T h e M a u r i t i u s M a u n h u s D o d o b i r d d i e d

I r 4 n

H e c o u l d n ' t m a k e

Y o u lo o k w o r n

T h e y h a v e b r o u g h t

a out of paper and I couldn't print my essay

b out! I think you need some rest

c out my favourite writer's new book!

d o u t a r o u n d 1 6 9 0

e out what that sign said

l-TTd-l lz]-al

trTrl

fzlb-]

trT-l

9

8

1 3

Complete the sentences using

musUhaveto-shouldloughtto-mustnt and the verbs below

drop " recycle e hunt work respect

keep ask

We should/ought to recycle all paper; plastic

bottles and aluminium cans in our homes

You mustn't drop litter on the ground

You mustn't hunt endangered species

You should/ought to respect the elderly

You musVhave to keep your dog on a lead

You should/ought to ask a lawyer for advice

I musVhave to work tonight

You are illwith measles Make sentences from

the notes your doctor has left you Use

should/shouldnt

Stay at home for two week

o Rest as much as you can

r Drink plenty of liquids

See friends until the spots go

1 You should stay at home for two weeks

2 You should rest as much as you can

3 Y o u s h o u l d d r i n k p l e n t y o f l i q u i d s

4 Y o u s h o u l d n ' t s e e fr i e n d s u n t i l th e s p o t s g o

away

The future - tirne words

Put the verbs in brackets into the pruentsimple

or futuresimple

1 We will take (take) part in an environmental

campaign when we join "Save a Tree"

We won't go (noUgo) until you come back

home

I will reqycle the magazines after I finish

(finish) reading them

Don't for:get to walk the dog before you

leave (leave) for school

When will he reach (he/reach) Paris?

Going to

11th Nov \ meetthe Minister of Heafth

lle is gaing tro meet the lfrinister af Health an the

He is going to go to the Environment Awards

in Manchester on the 5th of December

He is going to have a meeting with his staff

on the 1Oth of December

6 He is going to appear on a TV chat-show onthe 1 5th of December

Will - Going to

1 A: I am going to donate f20 to my localenvironmental group

B: Well done! | think that's a great idea

2 A: Are you going to go to the countrysidethis weekend?

2

5 3

I am going to make a wildlife pond

Sam is going to join Greenpeace next month.Great! | willjoin then, too

1 4

e

A:

B :A:

B: I will help you carry it

A: You look exhausted!

B: Yes I am lwill go to bed

A: What are your plans for the August break?

B: We are going to sail around the Greekislands

A: You still haven't cleared up the garage

B: Sorry I promise I will do it tomorrow afterwork

l'm so thirsty

I will get you a glass of water

Why did you wake up so early today?

I am going to meet Alison for a quickcoffee before work

Antonia plays the cello so beautifully

She is going to become a great cellist oneday

What are you doing tonight?

l've got tickets to a classical concert I amgoing to see the St Petersburg Philharmonic

14 A: Good afternoon Can I speak to Tonia,

please?

B: Just a minute, please I will get her for you

15 A: Are you going to learn another foreign

language before leaving school?

B: Yes, I am going to learn Spanish

Prepositional Phrases

Fill in: frcm, in, at

1 By adopting a sick animal, you can help save

animals from extinction

2 The chindrilla is in danger of becoming extinct

3 We must protect both large and small

habitats from being destroyed

4 Today, nearly 15 percent of the wildlife in

Britain is at risk of becoming extinct

5 The red wolf lives in the wild

Sentence transformations

three words.

It is against the law to hunt endangered animals.You must not hunt endangered animals

Dinosaun became extinct millions of years ago

Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years

It would be a good idea to check the site before youfill in the adoption form

You should/ought to check the site before you fill

in the adoption form

lf we don't want animals to become extinct wemust protect their habitats

We musVhave to protect natural habitats or wildanimals will become extinct

It is everyone's duty to do what we can to help theenvironment

We musVhave to do what we can to help theenuronment

Word formation {forming nouns) Fill in the correct form of the words in bold.

1 An increase in factory production will lead to

an increase in factory waste

1 5

I Look at the sentences below about a species of endangered turtle Read the text to decide whether thesentences are true I(true) or F(false)

1 There are more than two million green sea turtles in ihe '".rorld F

2 The green sea turtle is not the only sea turtle whose numbers are getting smaller T

3 The green sea turtle provides food for human berngs T

4 A lot of countries do not allow people to hunt the turtles T

5 Fisherman do their best to avoid catching the turtles F

6 T h e tu r t l e s a r e s o m e t i m e s c a u g h t i n o l d fi s h i n g l i n e s T

7 The turtles like to eat plastic F

8 Tourists frighten the turtles away from their nesting beaches T

9 Bright lights are dangerous for young turtles T

1 0 S c i e n t i s t s h a v e k n o w n a b o u t t h e k i l l e r d i s e a s e f o r a l o n q ti m e F

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ry

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S-!lr7t6i',efiEru sEA TURTLE is a large turtle that can grow t0 1.5 metres in tength and weigh up to 200 kitograms tt is

found in warm coastal waters around the world, but the largest populations today are in Florida and the Caribbean,Hawaii, and Borneo In all these areas the turtles are at risk, with populations in Florida and Mexico officiallydescribed as endangered Although in the past there were probably several million green sea turtles in the world,today scientists believe that fewer than 200,000 adult females remain Below we list some of the reasons whynumbers of this and other sea turtles have declined

People around the world have used the meat of the green sea turtle for food since ancient times and it is the mainingredient in turtle soup The eggs, which the female turtles bury on sandy beaches, are also collected by hunters.Unfortunately, although laws banning the hunting have been passed in many countries, people continue to do soillegally

Every year, more than 10,000 sea turtles are accidentally trapped in fishing nets Unable to breathe, these turtlessoon drown Many of these deaths could be avoided if the fishermen made minor changes to their equipment thatwould allow the turtles to escape For some reason, many fishermen seem unwilling to do this, although the lawrequires them to do so

The seas are littered with rubbish which can prove deadly to the turtles They can become entangled in old fishinglines and nets or they may mistake pieces of plastic for food When the turtles swallow the plastic, it can block theirdigestive systems and then the turtles starve to death

More and more beaches, used by the turtles as nesting areas, are lost every year as tourist areas are developed.This means that the females do not have a familiar place in which to lay their eggs and as a result some femalesmay not nest at all Even if the turtles do manage to lay their eggs, these may be crushed by people walking alongthe beach Just as seriously, the young turtles are often confused by the bright lights when they hatch and areunable to find their way to the sea and safety

In recent years, scientists have reported that a new disease is affecting green sea turtle populations, particularly inFlorida and Hawaii Scientists suspect that the disease, which eventually kills the infected turtles, is caused by avirus or parasite, but the exact cause is not yet known

lFH

Listening & Speaking b ln pairs, use your answers in Ex 1a to talk about global

G l o b a l W a r m i n g

a You will hear a person

commenting on a new book

about global warming For

questions 1- 5 choose A, B or C

warming (See Suggested Answers Section)

a Complete the exchanges with sentences from the box

'l A: Don't you just love it here? The sea is so beautiful and

How interesting! | never knew that

o Sorry - | didn't think of that

o Don't you just love it here I suppose you're right

Yes, it's a beautiful place

Did you know that turtles survived the dinosaur extinction

colder in the future

@ disagree on the reasons for

g l o b a l w a r m i n g

C s a y g l o b a l w a r m i n g i s a

natural process

Most scientists agree that the

rate of global warming is

@ too many complicated ideas.

B a lot of sensible suggestions

C technical advice for

b In pairs, act out similar exchanges

Making suggestions - Agreeing

Read the conversation below Fill in the gaps with thefol lowing expressions

Why don't How about o let's o Good thinking Why not That's an excellent idea

Beth: Hi, Jo How is it going?

Jo: Hi, Beth Great, thanks Ive just finished my essay

Andyou?

Beth: Ive just finished mine, too

Jo: WeIl, l) let's do something!

Beth: OK! 2) How about going to the conservation park?

They are offering free guided tours today

Jo: Great 3) Wtry not ask Tom if he wants to come,too?

Beth: 4) Good thinking I'll give him a call

Jo: I have an idea! 5) Why don't we walk instead ofdriving there?

Beth: 6) That's an excellent idea!

li,

7a,t,

,.a.a i

Writing (an e-mail

Sam is thinking about volunteering

for a fun run that will help raise

money for endangered species

When he saw the advertisement

below he took some notes Using

the phrases below, turn the notes

into sentences, as in the example

Could you please.let me know

o I would be grateful if you could

o I am interested in finding out (if)

r I would like to know (iflwhethed .,.

r I would appreciate it if you could ,

1 lwauld like to knaw how lanq the

race ts

2 Could you please let me know

what time the fun run starts?

3 | am interested in finding out

when the closing date for entries

ts

4 | would appreciate it if you

could tell me if there is an

entrv fee

Howlong/

i raCe?

Let's look closer

2 Read the e-mail Sam wrote to Ms Hill asking for additional information Fill in the paragraph plan withthe headings and then answer questions 1-3

closing remarks asking for information

Why has the writer started off with Dear Ms Hill? Could he sign off with Yours faithfully or Bestwishes? Why?Has the writer covered all the points? Underline the relevant phrases/sentences

Has the writer asked questions not meniioned in the notes?

@t " interested in toking pont in the Endongened Species Fun

Run, ond I uould be gruteful if gou could give me some

infonmqtion ond send me on entry for.m.

it if uou could tell me houl the ruce is ond ulhot Ume it stqnts I urould olso like to

knou if there is on entry fee qnd urhen the closing dqte f

entnies is.

@fnonf gou in qdlvonce fon goun qssistqnce I look fortrqrd to

heoring from gou.

(Para 2) asking for information

about the Fun Run

Conclusion(Para 3) closing remarks

2 | look forward to hearing from

4 Change the following sentences from informal to formal

I can't wait to hear from you

I can be contacted at the address below

Best wishes, You rs si ncerely,ifaithfully,

work?

whatvolunteers/

do?

nowlong/traininglast?

request anapplicationform

:ormal letters are sent to people in

an official position or people you

d o n ' t know very well They are

,,vritten in a formal style with a

o o l i t e , i m p e r s o n a l t o n e

You can write a formal letter to

request information, apply for a job/

(NOT Yeu ean eentaet me )

c polite forms without contractions

I would like to apply

(NOT(+!i*P- )

C o l l o q u i a l e x p r e s s i o n s , p h r a s a l

verbs, idioms and short forms are

NOT used in formal style

Take a break Vocabulary Practice

r expiry date r saved up turn off rushed

warned me against avoided wandering

assumed high-factor in sight r noticed

looking fonrvard to relieved o destination

It was my third day in Madrid doing research on restaurants and cafes As I was

1) wandering around, I saw this quiet little street and I decided to

2) turn off to the right | 3) assumed that there would be more cafes, restaurants and

tourists in that area but there wasn't a soul 4) in sight Then | 5) noticed a man running

towards me As he ran past me, he grabbed my bag | 6) rushed to the nearest police

station They told me that I had been walking in the most dangerous neighbourhood in

My publisher had 7) warned me against mountain

biking in the Torres del Paine on my own, but I didn't

listen I was really 8) looking forward to the challenge

The area is in a spectacular mountain range and it is

tination for ecotourism and adventure

What I didn't know was that the

weather in the mountains canchange unexpectedly atnight So, although I had10) saved up to buy

expensive bike equipment, I

hadn't thought about buying theappropriate clothes lt was so cold thatnight I nearly froze In the morning, I woke up

exhausted and ill but 11)relieved that lwas alive!

When you ghoose a tropical or a subtropical' 12)resort, you must be careful Check any informationavailable on the area that you can lay your hands on.This may 13)reveal potential problems that you maynot have considered My story shows that some travel

problems can be 14) avoided by

d o i n g s i m p l e things Things

l i k e w e a r i n g a(n) factor sun cream or, in mycase, checking the16) expiry date on an anti-

15)high-mosquito lotion On my first

night in Cairo, I applied the lotion

without checking As a result, I was bitten by aninfected rnosquito and ended up in hospitall

',20

2 Match the words then use the phrases to fill in

the gaps in sentences 1-8

Underline thecorrect word

Where do we check i4/off for our flight toMoscow?

She stood on the ship's deck/port and waved

6 The hotel offers disabled/wheelchair facilities

7 You'd be better off booking your tickets through

a reputable/rural travel company

8 We would like to apologise for anyinconvenience/warn i ng ca used

9 Paul lost his temper/mood when the car ran

n r r t n f n o t r n l

10 There was a very long queue/boarding at thecounter

Phrasal verbs

Complete with the appropriate phrasalverb

Could you give me a lift to the port?

Could you drop me off at the port?

S o m e a i r l i n e s c h e a t p e o p l e b y c h a r g i n g t h e mtoo much for tickets

S o m e a i r l i n e s r i p p e o p l e o f f b y c h a r g i n g t h e mtoo much for tickets

Lisa said goodbye to Brian at the train station.Lisa waved Brian off at the train station

On our way to Paris, we stayed for a little

w h i l e i n C a l a i s

On our way to Paris we stopped off in Calais.They started on their journey to America full

o f h o p e a n d o p t i m i s m They set off for America full of hope and

o p t i m i s m

W h e n th e p l a n e l e f t th e g r o u n d , w e g o t r e a l l yexcited

When the plane took off we got really excited

1 The car broke down so we had to call theiental company for a replacement

2 You will need a copy of your birth certificate

in order to get a new passport

3 Y o u ' l l g e t a b o a r d i n g p a s s at the airline'scheck-in counter

4 This train has an excellent buffet car

5 We will not be able to find our way to thatbeach without a road map

6 You should always buy travel insurancebefore going abroad

7 D u r i n g t h e m o r n i n g r u s h h o u ; t h e t r a i n s a r epacked with people

8 The hotel offers room service

Fill in with the correct preposition

1 Today, I am going to work on foot

2 Do you enjoy travelllng by train?

3 When getting off a train, you must mind the gapbetween the train and the olatform

4 Keep walking towards that gate The ticketoffice is on your left

5 T h e p l a n e i s b o a r d i n g a t g a t e 2 5 Complete the idioms

1 | a m h o p i n g th a t Mary and John will return

5 When Lisa lost her job we had to scrimp andsave for a year (spend very little money)

Grammar in Use

Used to I Would

Fill in the gaps with used to, would or both

1 | used to travel a lot when I lived in America

2 Betty used to be a hotel receptionist before

6 They used to go away two or three times

a year but now they are too old to travel

7 When Brian was younger he used to/would

s t a y w i t h h i s g r a n d p a r e n t s e v e r y s u m m e r

8 In the winter we used to/would go on ski

t r i o s t o A u s t r i a o r S w i t z e r l a n d

Read the extract from a story and put the

verbs in brackets into the pastsimple or the pdsf

r a f t r n g

4 l t s t a r t e d r a i n i n g T h e y r e a c h e d t h e a i r p o r t ( a l r e a d y when) lt had already started

r a i n i n g w h e n th e y re a c h e d t h e a i r p o r t

5 Miriam arrived at the port The ship left (by

t h e t i m e ) B y t h e t i m e M i r i a r h a r r i v e d a t t h e

o o r t th e s h i o h a d le f tRead the situations and make sentences fromthe words in brackets

1 | was very trred when I arrived home

(l/work/hard all day)lhad been working hard a{lday"

2 The two boys came into the house They had

a football and they were both very tired.(they/play/football) They had been playing

f o o t b a l l

3 There was nobody in the kitchen but there

w a s a s m e l l o f b u r n t fo o d (somebody/cook) Somebody had been cooking.

4 Ann woke up in the middle of the night She wasfrightened and didn't know where she was.(she/dream) She had been dreaming.

5 When I got home, Mike was sitting in front ofthe TV His clothes were covered in oaint.(he/paint/the room)

He is a s -':":ed boss because he is

2) looked (look) down into the water, he 3) saw

(see) his own reflection and 4) thought (think) it

w a s a n o t h e r d o g c a r r y i n g a b o n e lm m e d i a t e l y t h e

dog 5) started (start) barking at the 'other' dog

because he 6) wanted (want) his bone As he

7) was barking (bark), the dog 8) dropped (drop)

his own bone into the river The bone was lost and

t h e d o g 9 ) le a r n e d ( l e a r n ) t h e l e s s o n t h a t w h e n y o u

wish for more than you have, you risk losing

everyrn I ng

2 2

3 Wigs are hot and uncomfortable to wear.

4 He arrived at a very inconvenient moment

5 The taxi driver was rude and unfriendlv

Complete the exchanges by putting the verbs

in brackets into the pastsimple, pastcontinuous,

post perfect or past perfect continuous.

Did Tonia go out (Tonia/go out)?

Yes, she did (do) She had been studying

(study) in her room for hours so she

decided (decide) to take a break.

How long had Tim been looking (Tim/look)

for a job before he was hired at the

N a t i o n a l G a l l e r y ?

Well, he had just graduated (usVgraduate)

from college when he was called for an

interview

Why was Andrea so stressed?

She had been typing (type) her essay on

met (meet) some really interesting people

How did you break (you/break) your arm?

I was hiking (hike) in the Black Forest

in Freiburg and I tripped (trip) over a rock

Did you see (you/see) Claudia at the party?

N o , w e d i d n ' t B y t h e t i m e w e a r r i v e d

(arrive), she had already left (already/

leave)

A: When did you realise (you/realise) that

you had taken (take) the wrong train?

B: I had just ordered (just/order) dinner in 7

the buffet car when I heard (hear) the

B: Yes, she had been working (work) theresince 1999 and she felt (feel) it was time

to move on

A: By the time I was 27, I had saved (save)enough money to buy a car

B : R e a l l y ? | w a s 3 1 w h e n I b o u g h t (b u y ) m yfirst car I had been working (work) veryhard for years before I had (have) all themoney

A: Why were you so late this morning?

B: I had been driving (drive) my car for twentyminutes when I got (get) a flat tyre and had(have) to call road service

A What's the problem?

B: They were trying (try) to fix the machinefor hours yesterday but it is still broken

Sentence transformations

Complete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first Use no more thanthree words

1 When we were at university, John and I wouldwork on a fishino boat in the summer

When we were at university, John and I used

t o w o r k o n a f i s h i n g b o a t in t h e s u m m e r When he graduated, he started working as a

J o h n a n d I h a v e b e e n t o g e t h e r s i n c e t h a t d a y

2 5 y e a r s a g o After living in Spain for twenty years, we

c a m e t o L o n d o n Before we came to London, we had been

Look at the text in each question What does it say? Mark the correct letter A, B, or C.

l:

llll'

:,'

/ a \ ,

(9) You must keep your luggage with you at all

.-.@rffiMr!9.t\Yq.)83

A You must subscribe to our newsletter in oroer

to receive offers, previews etc

B You have to subscribe to the newsletter every

WCCK.

-:"='i'-tli

irri." ," n ns experience you can

t e a c h E n g l i s h a b r o a d($) You can teach English abroad without having

t e a c h i n g e x p e r i e n c e

C W h e n y o u teach E n g l i s h a b r o a d y o u musthave teaching experience

A L a u r a c a n b o o k h e r flight in her own time

B Laura must book Leonie's flioht as soon as

p o s s i b l e

@ tt is possible to receive offers etc, if you

subscribe to the newsletter

Call us now if you are between lB-30

:@rqlwry.rye.r1rtgi*f

ryrKt,l

A You can get bargain prices if you are over 30

B You must be a student to get bargain prices

@ Vou must be between 18 and 30 to get

b a r g a i n p r i c e s

@ L a u r a m u s t h u r r y u p a n d b o o k h e r fl i g h t assoon as possible

Lost, stolen or missing items must be taken

to the Department of Public Safety

@ A n y t h i n g l o s t , s t o l e n o r m i s s i n g m u s t b e

2 4

reported to the Department of Public Safety

Listening & Speaking

Booking tickets 3

You will hear a conversation between two

friends, one of whom is complaining about a

telephone booking Decide if each sentence is

correct or incorrect lf it is correct, tick (/) YES

lf it is incorrect, tick (./) NO

Y E S N O

1 L u c y s p e n t a n h o u r o n t h e p h o n e

trying to book a flight to Edinburgh

2 The travel agent was polite

3 The travel agent kept saying how

busy he was

4 The travel agent hadn't heard about

the British Airways half-price offer

5 Lucy cried on the phone

6 Lucy didn't book her ticket in the

e n d

Z =

Z E

Complaining

Choose the correct response

1 A: I wasn't satisfied with the room service lt

wasn't efficient at all

a : @ t d o a p o l o g i s e , s i r

b H o w c a n I h e l p y o u ?

2 A: How did you find the room?

n: @ n was dirty and the view was awfu

B: a So what do you want us to do?

@ wnat was the problem?

5 A: Excuse me, the sheets in our room have

Use the sentences to complete the dialogue

Good morning, Travel Bookings

l) How can I help you?

I'd like information on ferry tickets toCalais, please

2) When would you like to travel, sir?

Tuesday morning I would like a one wayticket, please

3) Just a moment,I'll check The ferryleaves at 7:15 in the morning and thenevery half hour after that until I I:00 atnight

Sor4r, did you say 7:I5?

4) Yes, that's right

Could you tell me how long the journeyis?

Yes.5) It takes around 75 minutes, sir

And how much does it cost, please?

It's $35

Great 6) I would like a ticket for the 8:15ferry, please

a a a a a a

Yes, that's rightWhen would you like to travelJust a moment, l'll checklwould like a ticketHow can I help you

It takes around 75 minutes

Writing (a story 1st person narrative)

Getting started

The story is aboutlthe best holiday l've ever had The story is about me

Let's look closer

2 Read the story and complete the paragraph plan with the headings: climax

events, events in sequence, what happened in the end/feelings

i::::'Ai::M :ffi#.#

g'1': rr)':'''i:':' *ru,mw

W W" were all in good spirits after spending the whole summer

camping in Europe ltaly was our final destination and we were

setting up camp for the very last time We were staying at a fantastic

campsite, big trees shaded our tent At night you could hear voices

h a p p i l y c h a t t i n g i n t h e d a r k n e s s a n d in s e c t s b u z z i n g i n t h e trees

@ One evening, we decided to go to a traditional ltalian

restaurant We had been cooking for ourselves most nights, so it

seemed like a real treat to have someone prepare our meal for us

Everyone got dressed up in their best clothes and we headed off

towards the town The food was delicious We tucked into all kinds

of pasta, pizzas andjuicy fresh fish dishes Then, after we'd finisheo

e a t i n g t h e r e w a s a special d a n c i n g d e m o n s t r a t i o n b y s o m e of the

l o c a l s W e c l a p p e d a n d c h e e r e d a s th e y w h i r l e d a r o u n d t h e d a n c e

floor Then, they made us have a go No one was very good but we

had a great time trying to get the moves right

fu Wnen the music finally stopped we noticed that everything in the

restaurant was shaking from side to side "Quickl Get under the tables

It's an earthquake," shouted one of the waiters We hadn't noticed the

ground moving before as we had been concentrating on dancingl

W W" were trembling with fear by the time the earthquake was

over lt only lasted a minute, but it seemed like much longer Luckily,

no one was injured and the restaurant wasn't damaged, apart from

a few broken plates and glasses One thing is certain though, my

f r i e n d s a n d I w i l l always r e m e m b e r t h e n i g h t w h e n our dancing

nearly brought the house down !

, , , , t , : r : I r ,

Linkers

Link the sentences Use the words in brackets in the correct tense (See suggested Answers section)

1 The journey ended We got off the boat (as soon as)

2 T h e boat was sailing W e w e r e e a t i n g i c e - c r e a m o n t h e deck ( w h i l e )

3 | was driving I heard a loud noise (when)

4 Read the extract below and underline the correct past tense.

As I tl was driving/had drove home, it 2f started/was

starting to rain Suddenly the road 3f was becoming/became

'rery slippery Then, out of nowhere a dog 4f 1an/was running out

ln front of the car The dog 5l had disappeareO/aisep@9

jiom view and | 6) was slammed/slammed on the brakes

L t t c k i | y , | 7 } l e a r n e a @ h o w t o d r i v e i n d a n g e r o u s

conditions and | 8f was stopping/gletped very quickly As I

gl got/was getting out of the car, the dog l0| was wagging/

Eggg! his tail He was absolutely fine.

Techniques to begin your story

Match the beginnings of thestories to the endings and saywhich techniques have beenused in each one

(See Suggested Answers Section)Beginnings

" D o n ' t walk under a

l a d d e r lt ' s b a d lu c k " m ygranny used to say

do you feel scared whenyou walk into some rooms?

A

A n i n t e r e s t i n g b e g i n n i n g i s a s im p o r t a n t a s a n i n t e r e s t i n g e n d i n g

An interesting beginning will catch the reader's attention and

m a k e h i m / h e r w a n t t o c o n t i n u e r e a d i n g A g o o d e n d i n g w i l l

make him/her feel satisfied

You can STARTyour story by:

a) using your senses to set the scene and describe the weather,

atmosphere, surroundings or people's actions to create mystery

o r s u s o e n s e

| rysulrj ke*r rfu winti hautilng *r*u*d me.lt vtr;s quite S6vllfost night

and it frlt strs,nqe t* br *ut in the v'tiklern*ss all #"1*n*"

b) using direct speech

'Always

!a*k rsn rk€ briqht side r;{ li{e, kids,' f'Ar Frisb*in used t* rcll us

c) asking a rhetorical question i.e a question that does not

reoutre an answer

Hcve y*u ever frave.llerj hy truln *fi {t w#rm suntmer night"?

d) addressing the reader directly

I *r* surey*u ul{ kn{}vs'wh*t a barga!n is

e) referring to your feelings or moods

lw*s erheusted betcuse lh*d b*en sharspinq sll{}{ternoor:

Techniques to end your story

It was so quiet, I could hear

my stomach rumbling Wewere all lylng on the floor

as the bank robbers tookthe money

E n d i n g s

T h e m a n b e h i n d t h ecounter had saved us allwith his bravery We wereall extremely grateful

I o f t e n t h i n k b a c k a n dlaugh to myself I met my

h u s b a n d b e c a u s e h edropped a pot of paint on

"Beware the house of the

r i s i n g s u n , " s h e h a d s a i d

Your turn

Your editor at University Magazinehas asked you to write a storyentitled The happiest day of my life(80-100 words) Use Ex 2 as yourmodel and try to make yourstory interesting by using thetechniques mentioned above.(See Suggested Answers Section)6

You can end your story by:

a) using direct speech

'lts gaing t* be

*ll right,' juhn sa,iC t* me

b) referring to your feelings or moods

We were trembling"tvith fe.nr hut we were happy t* be sliv*"

c) asking a rhetorical question

', 1l/hy does it shwuys ha't* r* bt s* rltfffrulr?'

I d) describing people's reactions to/feelings about the events

i developed in the main body

I Uy fnt*er hnd beramc the hera *f the rlay and !was extremely 'pr**r} a{

1 "

I ntffi"

r o n )

2 7

Summerhill lessons are not

3) compulsory lf a pupil doesn't like maths, he

or she can choose not to go to classes That of

course doesn't mean that a pupil can always do

as he or she likes There are 190 rules at

Summerhill and one of the first things teachers

4) instruct children to do is to 5) treat each

other with 6) respect As a result, pupils are

7) well-behaved and 8) value good manners

Pupils say that studying at Summerhill can be

9) life changing.'Learning to 10) rely on

ourselves to make decisions is something that

we wouldn't learn in an ordinary school,'

11) commented fourteen-year-old pupil Jo

Whitley Parents are also enthusiastic

2 Cross the odd word out, as in the example

1 nursery, secondary hlg- ::iD*fi€etiol:K

2 @et(v, gym, library ac

3 private, primary p}ftE{r, state

4 headmaster; head teachel tutor, bu*€

5 certificate, diploma, degree, amb€@n

6 seminar, lecture, class, D:(

7 classmates, pupils, students, 5!{sMatch the words in the columns then usethem to fill in the gaps in the sentences below

3

social

e n r o l

h i g hgoooschool

p a y r n gpflvare

Schools that teach good manners havebecome very popular in recent years

G e t t i n g h i g h marks i n a l l s u b j e c t s w i l l h e l pyou get an interview at Oxford or Cambridge.Poppy was not paying attention in class soshe couldn't answer any of the professor's

0 u e $ r o n s Charlotte studies at a(n) private school inSwitzerland

8 All new students to St Paul's School wereshown the library, classrooms and playing

f i e l d s

t]]-el l-zfd-l Fl-ft FTgI

trTb-]

reTrl rrFt trTF]

2 8

Sonia has learned the ooem so well that shecan remember it without having to read it

h e a r t S o n i a h a s l e a r n e d t h e p o e m b y h e a r t

I won't make the same mistake aqain because

I have learned from it

l i v e I h a d n o i d e a t h a t B r i a n ' s p a r e n t s a r eworld famous writers I quess vou live

a n d le a r n !

Word Formation 7

Use the suffixes to form nouns from the words

in the list Use the nouns to complete the

sentences

1 susanna graduatedl@on a new course

to apply to medical school

We attended u@/esson on Maths

rfreCdelAtiib/close for the essay is Monday

A teacher/(Jtdbgives Andrew private lessonsevery Friday evening

8 My brother Patrick is learning/@for adegree in Science

9 Tina *.t@/dropped by bullies at

s c h o o l

1o tt comments/@to be seen whether this

will be beneficial

Complete with the correct preposition

1 She sooke with her mouth full of food

2 Robert always gets the blame for whatever

b a d h a p p e n s i n c l a s s

3 M r s S u l l i v a n i s v e r y p o p u l a r w i t h a l l h e rstudents

4 She grew up valuing good manners

5 Her brother studies at Bristol Universitv

4 A: House prices are not as high this year

B: Yes, they have gone down by 15o/o

5 A: All the housework has been done and thechildren have left for school

B Good, now I can settle down to my

w r i t i n g

8tn

1 Russian ballet dancer Rudolf Nureyev was

b o r n i n 1 9 3 8 a n d d i e d i n 1 9 9 3

2 The telephone in Mr Perkins's office is always

answered by the operator

3 Rupert Montague is a great collector of

French 1 9th century paintings He has over 50

o f t h e m

4 British comedian Rowan Atkison, also known

a s M r B e a n , i s v e r y p o p u l a r i n J a p a n

5 Meredith Brown is the organiser of many

international art exhibitions

6 Arthur Conan Doyle is the creator of Sherlock

G r a m m a r i n U s e

Reported speech statements

Fill in: soy, tell or askin the correct form

1 l c a n ' t say f o r s u r e , b u t l t h i n k L y n n i s a l r e a d y

l o o k i n g f o r a n e w jo b

2 T h e teacher s a i d h e w a s d i s a p p o i n t e d w i t h

our exam results

3 T h e y said they had a wonderful time in

9 "Of course, l'm your best friend," she said to me

1 0 She asked ( t o l d ) T i m to m e e t h e r outside t h e

c r n e m a a t 7 : 0 0

Reported speech statements

Turn the following sentences into reported

speech

l ' m s t u d y i n gvery hard for

Leah said, "l have been a teacher for ten years."

Leah said (that) she has been a teacher for ten

y e a r s

Ann said, "l was doing the gardening when it

started raining." Ann said (that) she had been

doing the gardening when it (had)started raining

8 "l haven't written my essay yet," said Rachel.Rachel said (that) she hadn't written her essav vet

Reported questions/commands/orders

1 " l s B r i a n w e l l - b e h a v e d ? " M r s G a r d n e r a s k e o Mrs Gsrdner asked if Brian wss vvell-behsved"

2 " C a n y o u help me out with this Maths

p r o b l e m ? " L e a n o r a s k e d L e a n o r a s k e d if I

c o u l d h e l p h e r out with the Maths p r o b l e m s

3 "Where is the nearest train station?" she asked.She asked where the nearest train station was

4 " W i l l y o u p i c k me up from the airport at

1 0 : 0 0 ? " h e asked H e a s k e d i f I w o u l d orcr

h i m u p f r o m the airport a t 1 0 : 0 0

5 "What are your plans for tomorrow?" Paul

a s k e d P a u l a s k e d w h a t m v 0lans w e r e fo r r n enext day

6 "Do you prefer classical music to jazz?" Danasked me Dan asked if I preferred classical

m u s i c t o j a z z

" A r e you going to university i n S e p t e m b e r ? "Abby asked Abby asked me if I was going touniversity in September

"You'd better wake up early tomorrow," Tim

s a i d T i m to l d m e that I had better wake upearly the next day

" C o u l d you lend me your car?" John said

" D o n ' t be late tomorrow" Liam's b o s s s a i c

L i a m ' s b o s s t o l d h i m not to be late the nexr0ay

'l4 "You must finish the report today," Mr

,,rrn Turn the following text into Direct Speech.

(See Suggeste_d Answers Section)The student advisor asked Paul why he thought he

didn't do well in the exams Paul said that there

were many reasons behind his poor performance

Fle explained that first of all, he had a fear of exams

The student advisor asked Paul to tell him what

caused the fear Paul admitted that he found it

difficult to organise his time and that he didnt pay

attention in class As a result, he always felt

u:nprepared.The student advisor suggested that Paul

spend more time in the library and keep a daily

schedule ofthe things he needed to do Paul said

that he had always wanted to organise his time but

didn't know how to He agreed to keep a schedule

and organise his time.The student advisor asked

him to meet with him again the following week

"\//hy d* y*u think y*u didn't d* well in the rr;;;,;

.^ie stadent advisrsr nsk*r:j Paul

)oyce lthilip csked J*yre ta turn down tfu rnusie" 7

"Let's go to the Picasso exhibition," Susan

said to me Susan suggested (that) we golour

g o i n g t o t h e P i c a s s o e x h i b i t i o n

3 "l didn't break the porcelain vase," Evelyn said

Evelyn denied breaking the porcelain vase

4 "l will improve my manners," Jenny said Jenny

promised (that) she would improve her manners

5 "Laura can't come to the party as she has an

e x a m t o m o r r o w " lan said lan explained

( t h a t ) Laura c o u l d n ' t g o to the party as she

h a d a n e x a m t h e f o l l o w i n g d a y

6 "Let's give Andy a call," said Richard Richard

suggested (that) we give/our giving Andy a call

7 "l will send you a postcard from Saltzburg,"

C l a u d i a s a i d Claudia promised ( t h a t ) she

would send me a postcard from Saltzburg

8 "This laptop is very easy to use as it is the

latest technology, " he said He explained

(that) the laptop was very easy to use as it

was the latest technoloov

Reporting modal verbs

Tim is talking to his teacher about his lowgrades and how to improve them Turn whatthe teacher said into reported speech

"You will have to work harder if you want toimprove your grades," the teacher said He saidthat Tim would have to work harder if he wanteo

to improve his grades

"You must organise your day more effectively,"

he said He said that Tim musVhad to orqanisehis day more effectively

"A tutor can help you in the evenings," he said

He said that a tutor could helo Tim in theevenrngs

"You have to spend more time in the library," hesaid He said that Tim had to spend more time inthe library

"You will have to pay more attention in class,"

he said He said that Tim would have to oav moreattention in class

6 "You can ask me for help whenever you want,"

he said He said that llm could ask him for helpwhenever he wanted

7 "You should make a plan before you start writingyour essays," he said He said that Tim shouldmake a plan before he started writing his essays

I have learned my lesson and I will never fail

Read the text and choose the correct answer (A-C) for questions 1-5.

1 What is the author's main purpose in writing

the text?

A to present us with a short biography of

H e l e n A d a m s K e l l e r

B to talk about the success a deaf and blind

oerson can achieve in life

C ao explain why Helen Adams Keller is such

a n I n s p t n n g p e r s o n

D to describe Helen Adams Keller's personality

What would a reader learn about Anne

Sullivan from the text?

A She was like a sister to Helen

@ Sfre was Helen's teacher and close friend.

C She was very close to Helen

D She was an inspiration for Helen

What did Helen do after she graduated from

college?

A She went to Massachusetts

B She wrote lheSforyof myLife

IJ elen Adams Kellerwas born in Alabama in 1880

I I and died in 1968 Helen became deaf and blind

after a short childhood illness when she was 19 months

old In 1886, aged six, Helen was introduced to Anne

Sullivan, a twenty-year-old teacher who was partially

blind Anne was the first person to teach Helen the

meaning of words The first word that Helen learned

was 'water' which Anne taught her by running cool

water over her palm Anne also taught Helen how to

speak by touching the lips and throats of other people,

which is known as the Tadoma method Helen was

very close to Anne, and called her 'Teacher' They

remained close friends and companions for 49 years

In 1894, Helen and Anne moved to New York to study

at the Wright-Humason School for the Deaf In 1898,

Helen entered The Cambridge School for Young Ladies

in Massachusetts and in 1900 she was admitted to

Radcliffe College In 1903, she wrote anautobiographical book calTed The Snry of my Life.ln

1904, Helen graduated from Radcliffe College becomingthe first deaf and blind person to graduate from college.Helen became famous all over the world as an authorand speaker and travelled to over 39 countries withAnne Anne Sullivan died in 1936 Helen devoted therest of her life to raising funds for blind and deafpeople in America In 1960, she published anotherbook, entitled Light in my Darkness She died in June,

1968 in Connecticut

Helen Keller will always be remembered as anexceptional person who overcame her blindness anddeafness to achieve great things As she always said,'The

best and most beautiful things in the worldcannot be seen or even touched Thev must be feltwithin the heart.'

3 2

@ Shu travelled the world as an author ancsoeaKer

D She moved to Alabama

4 Helen was an exceptional person because/:\

Q!) she managed to achieve great things

B she was the first blind and deaf oerson towrite a book

C she was the first blind and deaf oerson tograduate from college

D she raised funds for blind and deaf people inAmerica

5 Which is the best description of Helen?

travelled

blindness and deafness to achive great things

B la blind and deaf author whoover 39 countries

C lan exceptional b l i n d w o m a n w h o

e r a n d a u t h o r

a gifted blind and deaf author and speaker

Listening & Speaking

Evening Courses

You will hear information regardingevening courses Fill in the missing information

in the numbered spaces

THE EVENING COLLEGE

offers evening 1) language courses

ENROLL TODAY AND SAVE T2O

COURSES on offer: French, ltalian, 2) Spanish,

Greek and 3) Portuguese

All our 4) teachers are native speakers with a

minimum of 4 years' 5) teaching expeTience

Courses start in 6) September and consist of a

total of 28 lessons

Enrollment: Up until 7) August 31st

Tel:02072240714

e-mail: language@evening college.co.uk

disagreeing

1 A: a Can you give me your dictionary?

@ Could I borrow your dictionary?

Who is speaking, please l'll just get him for you Would you like to leave a message How can I help you

Great l'd appreciate it

Good moming National Gallery

I) How can I help you?

Hello! May I speak to Mr Byrne, please?2) Who is speaking please?

This is Helena Bell, Mr BynTe's sister

One moment, Mrs Bell 3) I'll just get himfor you

Thankyou

Im afraid IMr Byrne is not answering hisphone 4) Wouldyou like to leave a message?Yes, thank you Could you please askhim to call me?

Of course I'll make sure Mr BynTe getsthe message

5) Great I'd appreciate it

B :A:

B :A:

b Hand out the photocopies, now

l'm afraid I can't Mrs Sounders asked tosee me in her office

Writing (a for-and-against essay)

Getting started

Read the rubric and underline the key words Think of reasons for and against boarding schools and

complete the spidergrams

o' Your teacher has asked you to write an essay discussing the positive and neoative aspects of going to

Let's look closer

@w flore and more parents today choose to send

t h e i r children t o b o a r d i n g s c h o o l B u t w h e r e a s s o m echildren enjoy the experience, others find it difficultand unpleasant So, what really are the advantagesand disadvantages of boarding schools?

@ There are certain advantages to attending aboarding school To start with, pupils learn to rely

on themselves and make their own decisions As a r e s u l t ,

t h e y b e c o m e more independent

Furthermore, boarding schools have excellentfacilities such as swimming pools, theatres and

c i n e m a s a n d p u p i l s a r e e n c o u r a g e d t o t a k e p a r t in, InOh! activities

@ llowever, living in a boarding school has its

" disadvantages The main drawback is that childrenfeel very lonely when they are separated from theirparents and other family members Also, themajority of boarding school students come fromwealthy families As a result, pupils from poorerfamilies might feel insecure or isolated

W ln conclusion, going to boarding school has itsadvantages and disadvantages I believe thatparents should research and discuss the pros and'cons to determine if boarding schools are right for

t h e i r children a n d fa m i l y

(Para 2) advantages

(Para 3) disadvantages

Conclusion(Pan 4) vour opinion

34

:or-and-against' essays are one type of discursive

' , rrting in which you discuss the advantages/

: sadvantages of a specific topic A 'for-and-against'

r You must not include o p i n i o n w o r d s (l b e l i e v e , I

: ^ i n k , etc) in the introduction o r t h e m a i n b o d y

3 p i n i o n w o r d s c a n b e u s e d in t h e f i n a l p a r a g r a p h ,

' , r e r e y o u may state y o u r opinion

n ' F o r - a n d - a g a i n s t ' e s s a y s a r e n o r m a l l y w r i t t e n i n

lformal style; therefore you should ,avoid using

;trong language (l know, I am sure, etc), short

i : l t e n c e s , c o l l o q u i a l e x p r e s s i o n s o r i d i o m s

r D u can find this type of writing in articles,

- :wspapers, magazines, etc

Linkers

r'c attract the reader's interest and make the

beginning or ending of your essay more effective,

/ o u c a n u s e s o m e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g t e c h n i q u e s :

a include a rhetorical question

Is it true that a great teacher can change your life?

b address the reader directly

lf you are potient and caring, you will have more

chances of becoming a great teacher

c include a quotation (i.e a sentence or phrase

taken from a book, play, etc) When we use a

quotation, it is necessary to mention the name

of the person who said/wrote it

As G.K Chesterton said, 'Education is simfly the soul of

a society as it passes from one generation to another'

Read the extracts below and say which arebegi;rnings and which are endings Then

identify the writing technique(s) that has/havebeen used in each (See Suggested Answers Section)Have you ever thought how many toxic and

As St Augustine said, 'The world is a book, andthose who do not travel read only one page.'

Your turn

a Use the ideas below to discuss the pros andcons of studying in a foreign country Useappropriate ' linkers

(See Suggested Answers Section)Pros

exoerience different culture become more ooen and tolerant make new friends of different nationalitiesJustification

o learn the history, customs, language, etcexpand horizons

accent that ncoole are different and havedifferent customs, beliefs, etc

become international and cosmopolitanCons

miss family/friends difficult to adapt to new way of life

o spend a lot of time on your own, withoutemotional support from family

new customs completely different to yours

b Use your answers in Ex 5a to write your essay(120-150 words) (See 5uggested Answers Section)

4

/e

)n)

3 5

Weird &

wonderful

Vocabulary Practice

other 2f mythical creatures Some myths are about

beautiful sirens that pull sailors to their 3| deaths with

their 4l haunting songs Others are about brave men

5| killing dragons who watch over priceless 6f treasures.

Then there are those about the unicorn with its white coat and its magical 7f horn In the Mediterranean and theMiddle East there are other stories of griffins withthe sight and 8f speed of eagles and whose job it was to 9) protectriches Each and every country in the world has its own set of myths that have been passed down from generation togeneration and which continue to be l0f popular with children and adults today,

1 Some mythical creatures *.r (6-rriE) I

unaffected to any poison

Ancient G reek gods *ere6moFdD/va I uable

In Greek mythology the Sphinx would kill

those who could not solve her(iiici'le) lpuzzle

The Hydra's nine heads *ere @l

pointed to a long neck

5 Giants were@/scared by people because

they were cruel and mean creatures

6 The Sirens would sing songs tricking sailors

into€t6EEDVdriving their ships to rocks

7 Some people were movingl@*ith fear

as the giant entered the village

Cross the odd word out, as in the example

1 petrified, terrified, *nau@, frightened

2 ecstatic, sFedy, pleased, happy

3 surprised, ifu*6nt, shocked, amazed

4 chattering, shaking, r$*i(9, trembling

5 rlfih, sphinx, centaur, hydra

6 strength, courage, powel tFs(e

7 lDn€n, vast, gigantic, huge

8 mean, nasty, bad, sffi

Tom trembled with fear when he saw theghost

There was no escape from the dangers lying

a h e a d

3 6

8 Lauren is fond of ancient Greek myths.

9 Paul has a collection of science fiction books

10 The Sphinx is associated with ancient Greece

Fill in: frightened the life out of , live in fear of , 7

scored to death of, fight to the death

1 A : H o w did Laura f i n d th e h o r r o r f i l m T

B : S h e d i d n ' t li k e it a t all tt friqhtened t h e l i f eout of her

t h e m Life in Sierra Leone is very dangerous

I know People live in fear of losing theirlives

Circle the correct answer

7 We could hear the floorboards from the

u p s t a i r s f l a t

@ creaking B rumbling C cracklrng

8 lt was so cold my teeth were

@ chattering B crackling C creaking

9 The fire was all nioht

@ crackling

10 Body languageranguage

@ verbal B voice C s p e a k i n g

ldiomsFill in the the correct word

1 He had to sweat blood to become a

m u l t i m i l l i o n a i r e

2 Her arrogant behaviour makes my blood boil

3 | might fight with my brother but we loveeach other to bits As they say, blood is thickerthan water

4 T h e p o o r animal w a s k i l l e d i n c o l d b l o o d

5 Don't expect to get any information fromSusanna lt's like getting blood out of a stone

Fill in: petrified, delighted, bored, shocked

1 We were all delighted to hear the good news

2 I can't watch TV all day; I get so bored

3 Jane was petrified when she saw the snake

4 The people were shocked when they heard

It took him years to get over his parents'divorce

I love this part of town lt me of Paris

@ reminds B remembers C informsThe dust up in a cloud around us

@ rose B risen C raised

T h e w i n d w a s a n d th e l e a v e s w e r e

A rattling howling @howling rustling

34

h e

n g

C h o w l i n g r a t t l i n g

3 7

with phrases from ::

the box :,'i

she is the life and soul of a party

o his costume won the scariest costume orize

o most people go on holiday

won four Oscar awards in 2005

it is celebrated on the 31st of October

she has been before

Halloween is a festival whith is celebrsted on the

4 Steve was the one whose costume won the

scariest costume prize

5 Emma doesn't want to travel to a olace where 4

she has been before

6 August is the month when most people go on

h o l i d a y s

1 Brian is the student @ /whose always

He was shouting at the driver@/who's

car had broken down in the middle of the roao

The village@/which he was born is 20

miles from Edinburgh

1979 was the year@/which we moved to

Argentina

the street@/which she lives is one of

the most exoensive streets in London

It was this time last year where/@hEh we

first met

Fill in the correct relative pronoun Put commaswhere necessary Write D for defining, write NDfor non-defining and say whether the relativepronoun/adverb can be omitted or not

1 M a r t h a Graham, w h o w a s one of America's

m o s t im p o r t a n t c h o r e o g r a p h e r s , d i e d in N e wYork in 1991 (ND, cannot be omitted)

2 Maria, who is getting married next week, is an

o l d fr i e n d o f m i n e ( N D , c a n n o t b e o m i t t e d )

3 T h e g i r l w h o t h e h e a d m a s t e r e x p e l l e d f r o m

s c h o o l i s N o r a S m i t h ( D , can be omitted)

4 Bill Jones who studied at the same university as

my father; has become the new manager of theRitz Hotel in Madrid (ND, cannot be omitted)

5 The Halloween costume that Lorna is wearingbelongs to my sister Pat (D, can be omitted)

6 That's the boy whose father used to be a

234567

(See Suggested Answers Section)

L a u r a i s ta l k i n g t o a m a n H e r e p a i r e d h e r c a ryesterday

Laura is talking ta the man who repaired her caryesterday

That's the hotel We stayed there last summer

We went back to the shop My sister was there.This is the car He drives to work in it every day.That's the village Mary's son lives there

T h i s i s th e g i r l H e r cooking i s b r i l l i a n t !It's December The Swedes have a festival this

m o n t h

8 She has a beautiful necklace lt used to belono

t o h e r m o t h e r

9 There's the lady Her daughter lives in ltaly,

10 That's the spooky house lt has a ghost

Comparatives and Superlatives

Have you seen PrideandPrejudice? Complete

in brackets.

M r B i n g l e Y i s m o r e Polite

(polite) than Mr DarcY

Elizabeth is Younger (Young)

t h a n J a n e

M r s B e n n e t i s t h e l o u d e s t

(loud) character in the film'

Mr Wickham is the worst (bad) character in the

f i l m

Elizabeth is the cleverest (clever) person In ner

family

Mr Darcy is richer (rich) than Mr Bingley'

Mr DarcY nas got the most beautiful

(beautiful) house Elizabeth has ever seen'

Mr Darcy thinks that Elizabeth is more

attractive (attractive) than Miss Bingley'

1 A: Stella takes her work more seriouslv

(serious) than Maria, doesn't she?

B: Yes She does Maria needs to try harder

2 A: Lisa is getting better and better (good) at

t h a n m e

O h , n o !

It was John who ran the furthest (far) inthe race, wasn't it?

B: That's right The others didn't have a chance!

7 A: Which is the coldest (cold) planet in the

solar system?

B: Pluto lthink, but check in the enryclopaedia

8 A: Pablb isn't very sociable

B: No but today he's more talkative (talkative)than l've ever seen him

brackets.

Come and visit one of 1) the m*st e/i;titlg(exciting) countries in the world - Peru, wherethe people are 2) more hospitable (hospitable)than anywhere else You will see some of 3) theoldest (old) sites in the world, as well as 4) themost modern (modern) cities with 5) the best(good) restaurants in South America

To make travel arrangements 6) easier (easy), our

t o u r i n c l u d e s g u i d e d visits to some of 7) themost famous (famous) colonial cities in Peru Youwill also get the opportunity to explore the lostcity of Machu Picchu - one of 8) the mostinteresting (interesting) sites in South America.Our company offers tailor-made tours for even9) the smallest (small) groups We provideaccommodation in family hotels which offer10) friendlier (friendly) service than the larger,more crowded ones

Sentence transformations

Complete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first Use no more thanthree words

Rebecca was friendlier than all vour friends atyour birthday party

Rebecca was the friendliest of all vour friends

at your birthday party

Richard's mother organised his party

I t w a s Richard's m o t h e r w h o o r o a n i s e d h i sparty

No one in the family is as happy as Richardtoday

Richard is the happiest one in the family today

S y b i l w a s o f g r e a t h e l p to them during theparty preparations

S y b i l w a s v e r y helpful during the partypreparations

Mary gave Richard this book as a birthdaypresenr

This is the book Marv oave Richard as abirthday present

festivats st Lucia is the saint of tisht ;r;;#::,ilil;r::

n:":::T_to.nsesr and cotdest ,.r"* of tn" ourL swerrich

winter symbolises

the return of right in oarr<ne's"s.qarx

swedishAccording to tradition

earrv in the mornin^ ::i:::u homes a young girlwakes up

#r earty in the mornins, puts on a rong #;;:',*T^:tr::

sash at the waist and a crown de"JraieO witfr candles,

andserves

her family saffron buns and "0" The boys in thefamily wear long white shirts and pointe-O- hats and help toserve the buns and the coffee ani,Or.n

oUgn go to school:::;:: in these costumes and serve tr, oun, to theirEvery village and evr

However, ;r '"";t yJ ;:ffiT,l;,i:T: ::ffii

Lucia who is setected from among ino,lr"no, of girls in acompetition The winner is announcJd

on TV on St Lucia,s dayand the winner is then driven around

"*n in a horse carriage

to spread her light in factories,

n*p,r"*, otO p"opt",, homesand food stores Almost every Swede

lono* the St Lucia song

"- 5ll;il::;:"

manv st Lucia sonss o't tn most popurar

The night treads heavityAround yards and dwellings,

ln places not reached by the sun,the shadows brood

Into our dark house she comesbearing lighted candles

Saint Lucia, Saint Lucia

:.: ,) :: ::: a :::

What is the main purpose

writing the text?

A To tell the storv of St Lucia What is true according to the text?

A C h i l d r e n g i v e buns a n d c o f f e e t o t h e i r fa m i l y a n d fr i e n d s

@ Aoys and girls dress in special costumes.

C The girls wear white dresses and carry one lit candle

What does St Lucia symbolise?

A The saint of winter

B L i g h t a n d d a r k n e s s /:\ -,

(! The return of light in the darkness of winter

5 What does the writer tell us about 13th December?

A lt is the longest day of the year

B C h i l d r e n d o n ' t g o t o s c h o o l

@ t is a day when people celebrate the return of light in the

@ to talk about the St Luciafestival in Sweden

C To explain why the St Luciafestival is so popular in Sweden

2 What does a reader learn about

the Feast of St Lucia from thetext?

@ rt is a widely celebrated day in

Sweden

B lt is only celebrated in big cities

C lt is not as popular as otherfestivals in Sweden