Chapter 9 weight management

• Ranges of weight that are greater than what is considered healthy... If you are… Your caloric balance status is ….Maintaining your weight "in balance." You are eating roughly the same

Weight Management

Weight Management

• Overweight/Obesity

• Underweight

• Eating Disorders

• Ranges of weight that are greater

than what is considered healthy

How do we determine if we

have a healthy weight?

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Obesity Rates

Obesity Rates

• 5 states and the District of Columbia had a prevalence of obesity between 20% and

<25%.

• 23 states, Guam and Puerto Rico had a

prevalence of obesity between 25% and

<30%.

Obesity Rates

• 19 states had a prevalence of obesity between

30% and <35%.

• 3 states (Arkansas, Mississippi and West Virginia)

had a prevalence of obesity of 35% or greater.

• The Midwest: highest prevalence of obesity

(30.7%), followed by the South (30.6%), the

Northeast (27.3%), and the West (25.7%).

Obesity Rates

Prevalence* of Self-Reported Obesity Among U.S Adults by State and Territory, BRFSS, 2014

Source: CDC-Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS)

2008 State Obesity Rates State % State % State % State % Alabama 31.4 Illinois 26.4 Montana 23.9 Rhode

20.9 North Dakota 27.1 Washington 25.4

Florida 24.4 Michigan 28.9 Ohio 28.7 West

Virginia

31.2

Georgia 27.3 Minnesota 24.3 Oklahoma 30.3 Wisconsin 25.4 Hawaii 22.6 Mississippi 32.8 Oregon 24.2 Wyoming 24.6 Idaho 24.5 Missouri 28.5 Pennsylvania 27.7

Source: CDC-Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS)

2009 State Obesity Rates State % State % State % State % Alabama 31.0 Illinois 26.5 Montana 23.2 Rhode Island 24.6

Alaska 24.8 Indiana 29.5 Nebraska 27.2 South

Carolina

29.4

Arizona 25.5 Iowa 27.9 Nevada 25.8 South Dakota 29.6

Arkansas 30.5 Kansas 28.1 New

Hampshire

25.7 Tennessee 32.3

California 24.8 Kentucky 31.5 New Jersey 23.3 Texas 28.7

Colorado 18.6 Louisiana 33.0 New Mexico 25.1 Utah 23.5

Connecticut 20.6 Maine 25.8 New York 24.2 Vermont 22.8

Delaware 27.0 Maryland 26.2 North

Carolina

29.3 Virginia 25.0

Washington DC 19.7 Massachusett

s

21.4 North Dakota 27.9 Washington 26.4

Florida 25.2 Michigan 29.6 Ohio 28.8 West Virginia 31.1 Georgia 27.2 Minnesota 24.6 Oklahoma 31.4 Wisconsin 28.7

Hawaii 22.3 Mississippi 34.4 Oregon 23.0 Wyoming 24.6

Idaho 24.5 Missouri 30.0 Pennsylvania 27.4  

Source: CDC-Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS)

2010 State Obesity Rates

Alabama 32.2 Illinois 28.2 Montana 23.0 Rhode Island 25.5

Alaska 24.5 Indiana 29.6 Nebraska 26.9 South

Carolina

31.5

Arizona 24.3 Iowa 28.4 Nevada 22.4 South Dakota 27.3

Arkansas 30.1 Kansas 29.4 New

Hampshire

California 24.0 Kentucky 31.3 New Jersey 23.8 Texas 31.0

Colorado 21.0 Louisiana 31.0 New Mexico 25.1 Utah 22.5

Connecticut 22.5 Maine 26.8 New York 23.9 Vermont 23.2

Delaware 28.0 Maryland 27.1 North

District of

Columbia 22.2 Massachusetts 23.0 North Dakota 27.2 Washington 25.5

Florida 26.6 Michigan 30.9 Ohio 29.2 West Virginia 32.5

Georgia 29.6 Minnesota 24.8 Oklahoma 30.4 Wisconsin 26.3

Hawaii 22.7 Mississippi 34.0 Oregon 26.8 Wyoming 25.1

Idaho 26.5 Missouri 30.5 Pennsylvania 28.6

How can we maintain a

healthy weight?

Calorie Intake

If you are… Your caloric balance status is ….

Maintaining your weight "in balance." You are eating roughly the same

number of calories that your body is using Your

weight will remain stable

Gaining weight "in caloric excess." You are eating more calories

than your body is using You will store these

extra calories as fat and you'll gain weight

Losing weight "in caloric deficit." You are eating fewer calories

than you are using Your body is pulling from its fat storage cells for energy, so your weight is

decreasing.

Body Weight

Fat Cell Development

• Energy IN > Energy OUT = fat

storage increase

Fat Cell Development

New Triglycerides N

FAT

Cytoplasm

Fat Cell Development

Fat Cell Development

Hyperplastic

Hypertrophy

Fat Cell Metabolism

• Lipoprotein Lipase

– promotes fat storage

• Gender differences

– hormones

Causes of Obesity

• Genetics

• Environmental

Causes of Obesity

• Genetics

– Leptin (act as a hormone)

– Ghrelin (act as a hormone)

– Uncoupling proteins

Causes of Obesity

Causes of Obesity

• Environment

– Overeating

– Physical Inactivity

Problems of

Overweight and

Obesity

Health Risk Indicators

Risk Factors

– Hypertension

– High LDL

– Low HDL

– Impaired glucose tolerance

– Family history of heart disease

– Men ≥ 45 years, women ≥ 55 years

• Rejection, shame and depression

• Ineffective treatments: sense of failure.

Dangers in Weight Loss

• Fad diets

• Weight Cycling

• Psychological problems

Dangers in Weight Loss

Aggressive Treatment of

Obesity

• Drugs

• Surgery

Surgery

Gastric Sleeve

Weight Loss Strategies

• Set realistic goals

• Modest weight loss improve your

health

• Maintain lifelong changes

• 5 to 10% below initial body

weight

Eating Plans

• Realistic energy intake

– 10 calories per pound of Body Wt

• Nutritional adequacy

– No less than 1200 cal/day

• Small portions

• Eat Slowly

Energy Dense vs Nutrient Dense

Physical Activity

• Increase energy expenditure

• Increase basal metabolism

• Appetite control

Physical Activity

• Psychological benefits

• Choose activities that you enjoy

• Plan a daily routine

Behavioral Changes

• Require time and effort

• Awareness of behavior

• Changing behaviors one at a time

• Do not grocery shop when hungry.

• Eat slowly.

• Exercise while watching television.

• Support groups

and Obesity

other sedentary behaviors

programs meet nutrition standards

and added sugars

grade 12, with quality daily physical education

work sites

vegetables a day,

food and beverage portion sizes 

communities

Prevent Excessive Weight

Gain

• Eat regular meals and limit

snacks

• Drink water instead of sodas

• Select low-fat foods

• Increase Physical Activity.

Good Weight Loss

Program

• Enables a person to lose weight

and keep it off

• Weight loss rate must be

satisfactory

– No more than 2 lb/week on average

Good Weight Loss

Program

• Nutritionally adequate

• Tailored to meet individual’s life

style

Underweight

Weight Gain Strategies

• Eat energy dense foods

• Regular meals daily

• Large portions

• Eat snacks

• Juice and milk

• Exercise to build muscle

Eating Disorders

Highlight 8

• 1 Who is more likely to develop eating

disorders?

• 2 What is the Female Athlete Triad?

• 3 What is anorexia? Symptoms? Treatment?

• 4 What is bulimia? Symptoms? Treatment?

• 5 What is binge eating disorder?

• 6 Which are some similarities and some

differences between them?

• 7 What can we do to prevent eating disorders?