e.g.: since 8 o’clock NEVER You can make the sentence negative if you put never between have/has and the past participle form of the verb.. It goes between the auxiliary verb and th
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Unit 1
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SINCE specific time
e.g.: since 8 o’clock
NEVER You can make the
sentence negative if you put
never between have/has and the
past participle form of the verb
This time you mustn’t negate
the verb
e.g I have never been here
YET We use it in interrogative
and negative sentences It goes at
the end of the sentence
e.g.: Have you seen it yet?
ALREADY We use it in
affirmative statements
It goes between the auxiliary verb
and the perfect participle form
e.g.: Mary has already baked a
cake
FOR is used for general periods
of time e.g.: for two weeks
EVER Mostly used in
interrogative sentences
It goes between have/has and
the past participle form
e.g Have you ever been here?
STILL It is used in negative
sentences in present perfect It
goes before the negative form of
the auxiliary verb
e.g.: I still haven’t done it
BEEN We use it in each
sentence It goes at the end of the
sentence
e.g.: She hasn’t been here lately
JUST It is used in affirmative
sentences in present perfect It
goes between have/has and the
past participle form
e.g.: I have just heard it
Task 1 - Choose the correct answer
1) Why haven’t you called the doctor _?
A) already B) yet C) ever D) still
2) Have you _ been to the Bahamas?
A) lately B) still C) ever D) already
3) I have _ read your e-mail
4) We haven’t met _ the summer festival
5) The manager _ hasn’t decided what to do
6) Have you seen him _?
A) already B) ever C) recently D) still
7) They have had their house _ two and a half years
A) already B) for C) since D) still
8) Dan has _ climbed a mountain (This is the first time.)
9) I have _ written an article about drug addiction but I have to write one about tourism
A) already B) still C) since D) yet
10) Prices have gone up _
Task 2 - Write the suitable signal words on the lines There are sentences where more signal words can be used (Write all possibilities.)
A) already B) ever C) for D) just E)lately
F) never G) recently H) since I) still J) yet 1) Sally has _ finished his last book I have _ read such an interesting novel _
2) We _ haven’t received their invitation card
3) * What a great smell! * I have _ baked a cake for my children
4) Our team has had more trainings _
5) My mum hasn’t had an accident _ she got her driving licence
6) Has the prime minister _ travelled to the USA?
7) They’ve been on holiday _ a fortnight
8) Steve has _ tried to cheat on a test He studies hard
9) I have _ thought about our possibilities
10) She hasn’t played tennis _ then
11) We can have lunch I have _ set the table
12) His uncle has written two books _
13) Ms Greene has acted in our theatre _ a season
14) My neighbours _ haven’t cut the grass
15) Dave has _ been late He is always on time
16) Heidi has ridden a bike in the park _ the end of her last lesson 17) Have they taken some photos _?
18) Have you _ told a lie to your mum?
19) He has _ found his pen
20) Jane has seen the doctor _ © Susan V
Toth
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Use simple Past or Present Perfect:
1 ……….Helen ever ……… (try) sushi?
2 ……… you ……… (go) to the wedding last night?
3 I ……… never ………(be) to Paris
4 This year I ……….………… (travel) to Athens 3 times so far
5 Paul and Judith ………(be) married since 1998
6 ……… you ……….(finish) your homework yet?
7 Last night aunt Betty ……… (come) by She
………(tell) us that this summer they are going to Hawaii
8 I ……….(visit) many different countries so far Last summer I ……… (go) to Italy and 3 years ago I
………(be) in Spain I
………(not/visit) Germany yet
9 When ………you ………(come) to Greece?
10 I………(come) in 2007
11 ……… you ………(watch) the film E.T yesterday?
12 They……… already ……… (leave) the train
station
13 How long ……… you ……… (know) Jonathan?
14 I (meet) him in 2009, so I
………(know) him for 3 years
15 What ……….(happen) to Lucy last night?
16 ……… you ……… (read) “Harry Potter” when you
were on holidays
For actions that happened and finished in the
past
For actions which started in the past and
continue up to now For actions that happened in the past and we
know exactly when
For actions that happened in the past but we don’t know the exact time
With yesterday, then, ago, last night/week
…, in 2001
With for, since, ever, never, yet, already, so far, how long…
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1 My Dad ………(fly, just) from New York
2 John and Kate ………(buy, already) the tickets for next weeks concert
3 Do you want some lunch? No, thanks I……… (eat, just) a ham sandwich
4 ……… you……….(be, ever) to Italy?
5 How long ……… Jane………(know) her boyfriend?
6 I ……… (receive, yet, neg) my magazine …………
7 Tim ………(never, ride) on a rollercoaster
8 ………Tina ………(give, yet) you your jacket back ………… ?
9 I ……… (just, meet) my cousin from Canada
10 ………you ………( see) my keys? I think I
………(lose) them
11 Briget ………(watch, already) this play, so she’s going home
12 How many sisters ……… you ………(get)?
13 Mary ……….(sell) her car to a friend
14 We aren’t late The programme ……….(yet, start, neg)
15 I ……… …(see, already) that film I saw it last year
16 You ……….(miss, just) the bus It left a minute ago
17 ……… Janet……… ( bring) the shopping in ………… ?
18 Can I read that newspaper? Yes, I … (just, finish) reading it
19 ………Tom and Jake ………(ever, eat ) chorizo?
20 How long ……… Henry……… (live) in Brazil?
21 I think he ……… (live) in Brazil since 2008
22 That MP4 ……… (be) in the shop window for months
23 ……… you ……….(ever, send) an email to your aunt?
24 How much ………you ……… (spend) this month on CDs?
25 My sister, Hannah ……… (already, finish) university
26 My mum ………(never, wear) colourful clothes
27 ……….Paul ……….(pass) his driving test ……….?
28 Quick! Someone ……… (just, steal) my purse?
29 Don’t move I ……….(neg, take) the photo ………
30 She’s tired because she ……….(just, wake) up
31 I don’t think I ………( ever, fall ) in love with anyone
32 Jeremy ……….( just, break) his leg
33 ……… you……….(see, ever) such a fantastic car!
34 Thank goodness you ……….(leave, neg) ………
35 Gerard ……….( be) in the national team since 2006
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Unit 3
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
One syllable
long longer (than) (the) longest (of/in)
hot hotter (than) (the) hottest (of/in)
nice nicer (than) (the) nicest (of/in)
Two syllables ending in consonant +
beautiful more beautiful
(than)
(the) most beautiful
(of/in)
Irregular Adjectives
good better (than) (the) best (of/in)
bad worse (than) (the) worst (of/in)
a lot of / much / many
more (than) (the) most (of/in)
little less (than) (the) least (of/in)
far farther
/ further (than)
(the) farthest /
furthest (of/in)
* One syllable adjectives
ending in vowel + consonant,
double the consonant (big -
bigger- the biggest), except
when the consonant
is 'w' , 'y' or ‘x’ (new -
newer - the newest)
* We use the Comparative
to compare two things or
people to each other
* We use the Superlative to
compare one member of a
group to the whole group
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Use the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets, to compare Velma and Daphne
1 Velma is shorter than Daphne (short)
2 Velma is Daphne (fat)
3 Daphne is Velma (beautiful)
4 Velma is _ Daphne (intelligent)
5 Velma is at solving mysteries _ Daphne (good)
6 Daphne has _ money _ Velma (much)
7 Daphne is at finding clues Velma (bad)
8 Daphne is _ Velma (elegant)
9 Velma is Daphne (educated)
10 Daphne has clothes Velma (modern)
Use the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets, to compare Fred and Shaggy
1 Fred is shorter than Shaggy (short)
2 Fred is _ Shaggy (brave)
3 Shaggy is Fred (funny)
4 Fred is _ Shaggy (strong)
5 Shaggy is _ Fred (greedy)
6 Fred is _ Shaggy (clever)
7 Shaggy is at driving _ Fred (bad)
8 Fred is _ Fred (arrogant)
9 Shaggy is _ Fred (thin)
10 Shaggy is Fred (fearful)
Look at the picture below and use the superlative form of the adjectives
in brackets, to compare Scooby and his friends!
1 Fred is the strongest of all (strong)
2 Velma is _ of all (intelligent)
3 Shaggy is of all (fearful)
4 Daphne is of all (pretty)
5 Scooby is of all (funny)
6 Fred is of all (brave)
7 Velma is _ of all (educated)
8 Shaggy is of all (shabby)
9 Daphne is of all (rich)
10 Scooby is detective of all! (good)
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(not) as as, too, enough
I Use either as as or not as as in the sentences below
1 The blue car is the red car (fast)
2 Peter is Fred (not/tall)
3 The violin is the cello (not/low)
4 This copy is the other one (bad)
5 Oliver is Peter (optimistic)
6 Today it's yesterday (not/windy)
7 The tomato soup was the mushroom soup (delicious)
8 Grapefruit juice is lemonade (not/sweet)
9 Nick is Kevin (brave)
10 Silver is gold (not/heavy)
1 We use (not) as…as to compare two people or things
Not as…as means less…than
Jack is not as old as Sam He was born in 1994, Sam was born in 1991
as…as means equally… Mary is as tall as Jane
2 too comes before an adjective - too tall
3 enough comes after an adjective (not) good enough
enough comes before a noun - ( not) enough experience
4 We often use an infinitive with to after too + adjective or adjective + enough She is too old to play this role in the film You’re old enough to drive
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II/ Write too or enough
1 I don't feel very well I've eaten ……… much
2 If she doesn't get ……… sleep, she's bad tempered all day
3 Everyone got great marks in the exam It wasn't difficult ………
4 He's ……… young to vote, but old enough to go to war
5 She's far ……… talkative After 5 minutes I've got a headache
6 That's it I've had ……… Leave the class immediately!
7 Don't worry We still have ……… time to get there before it closes
8 This chicken's ……… small for five
9 The film was rubbish After 20 minutes I had had ………
10 This town isn't big ……… for the two of us
11 The disco is ……… far to walk
12 She's ……… young to go to discos
13 I had ……… much wine at the party and behaved rather badly
14 This recipe sounds easy ……… .I'll make it for lunch
15 I am not happy today, I am ………… tired
16 Bob can’t do this homework, because he is not clever …………
17 Don’t help me! This exercise is not ………… difficult
18 Our house is small, but big ………… for us
19 You work ………… much, you should relax more
20 Vegetables are healthy, but the children don’t eat …………vegetables
21 Susan hasn’t got ………… money She can’t buy food
22 I need a pullover, it’s ………… cold outside
23 This film is not interesting …………, I don’t watch it
24 This flat is ……… expensive for me to buy it
25 Children usually eat ……… much fast food
26 Do you learn ……… ?
27 Bob doesn’t relax ……… that’s why he is ……… tired
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Unit 4
Past Continuous
Past Continuous Affirmative
we use “be”(past) + “ing” verbs
I was running fast
She was doing homework
He was watching TV
It was snowing
They were exercising
We were playing soccer
You were laughing
Past Continuous Negative
we use “be” (past) +”not” + “ing”
verbs
I was not running fast
She was not doing homework
He was not watching TV
It was not snowing
They were not exercising
We were not playing soccer
You were not laughing
A Fill in the blanks with “was” or “were”
1) Jane _ doing homework
2) We _ eating cookies
3) The dog barking
4) Mom cooking dinner
5) The boys _ playing baseball
6) Dad watching TV
7) It raining outside
8) The baby crying
9) The girls _ listening to music
10) I _ taking a photo
11) They running
12) You studying at home
B Write the correct “ing” verb in the blank 1.John was _ coffee (drink) 2.They were (read)
3.We were for Easter eggs (hunt)
4.Mom was _ (exercise)
5 I was Easter eggs (paint) 6.The children were _ TV (watch) 7.You were to Kate (talk) 8.The dog was _ the cat (chase)
9.The cat was (run)
10.It was _ outside(snow)
Past Continuous Question
We use “be” (past) followed by
“Pronoun or subject”
Was I running fast? Was she doing homework? Was he watching TV? Was it snowing? Were they exercising? Were we playing soccer? Were you laughing?
C Negative form Fill in blanks with
“was/ were /not” and/or an “ing”verb”
1 The dog was not _ (bark)
2 I _ not eating candy
3 They were not _ (laugh)
4 It _ _ (snow)
5 We were _ _ TV(watch)
6 We were _ painting Easter eggs
7 You _ _(listen)
8 She _ homework (do)
9 Kate and John _ not eating dinner
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We use “Simple Past Tense”,
to state completed actions at a
stated time in the past
I went to cinema last night
to state sequence of actions
She looked at me, opened the
door and went out
With stative verbs (like, love,
know, understand, believe…)
I loved that book
We use “Past Continuous Tense”,
to state actions started before that moment but
has not finished at that moment
I was reading my book
to state simultaneous actions
While we were sleeping they were listening to
music loudly
to describe the background situation of the stories
The sun was shining, the birds were singing…
A Choose the best one
1 I didn’t understand / wasn’t understanding anything
2 I had / was having a dream last night The cats talked / were talking, the people sang / were singing and the trees walked / were walking It was odd
3 Who did you visit / were you visiting yesterday?
4 Susan thought / was thinking that it wasn’t a mistake
5 The teacher talked / was talking about something seriously but the students made / were making noise
6 When I came / was coming home, my mother washed / was washing the dishes
7 My grandparent died / was dying last year
8 She went / was going out two hours ago
9 Sue washed the dishes and then went / was going to bed
10 What did you do / were you doing when I phoned / was phoning you?
B Match the questions with answers
1 What was he doing when you saw her?
2 Did Martin help you?
3 What were the students doing?
4 Did they like the film?
5 Where did you go two hours ago?
6 Was Arthur playing computer games?
a Yes, he did
b I went to the cinema with Ashley
c They were drawing something
d She was preparing the dinner
e No, he was doing his homework
f No, they didn’t
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It´s used to express a future intention, plans
and things someone decided to do or not to
do
FORM
Verb To Be in the present simple + going to +
main verb in the infinitive form
Use
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1-Cindy will -basketball
a-plays b-play c played
2-Harry will go with Bob to the movies -
a-yesterday b-tomorrow c –last week
3- Mark -the baby to the car tonight
a carried b carries c will carry
4-I -going to visit my uncle next week
a-is b-are c- am
5-They are -to travel to Egypt next summer
a-going b-go c- goes
6-Anna is going to -her project in a month
a-finish b-finishing c- finishes
II Complete the sentences then, do what is required between brackets:
• Dad will work next Sunday.(negative)
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Unit 6
B Complete with the verb in parenthesis
Andrés _ (write) a book These people (not –
do) anything Lucas _ (speak – not) to his girlfriend María
(dance) last party Diego (fly –not) to Costa Rica last
summer Kerby (teach) English Everybody (pay)
attention to me It (work- not) anymore My laptop
(break) down Those horses (run) very fast Mice _
(hide) behind a stove Most of wives _ (sleep) next soccer match
C Unscramble and answer these questions Add Be + going to Practice with
BE LOOK WORK
Questions
Where are you going to study?
What is he going to do tonight?
Y
COOK SEE CLEAN
BE LOOK WORK
HE SHE
A Use of Future with Be + going to
✓ Going to future expresses a conclusion regarding the immediate future
✓ It is an action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared
✓ It is a conclusion regarding the immediate future
Trang 141 ……… in the garden is very tiring (dig)
2 Did you use ……… fish when you were a child? (like)
3 We saw Mary ……… for the school bus (wait)
4 My husband doesn’t mind ……… (wash) up, but he hates ……… (iron)
5 Dan’s son is really good at ……… (draw)
6 There’s no need ……… up It’s 7:30 and our train leaves at 8:20 (hurry)
7 After ……… lunch, we made some coffee (have)
8 I’m used to ……… to my office (walk)
9 Would you like ……… round tonight? (come)
10 My boyfriend apologised for ……… our date (forget)
11 Some decisions are hard ……… (take)
12 How about ……… Mary for dinner next weekend? (invite)
13 Despite ……… studied a lot, Paula didn’t passed her literature exam (have)
14 You’d better ……… (do) some exercise ……… fit (keep)
15 We can’t afford ……… on holiday next summer (go)
16 Look! The plane is on the point of ……… (land)
17 ……… (hear) such good news made me ……… (feel) better
18 Tony is dying ……… (meet) his favourite actress
19 Stop ……… me, Paul! (tease)
20 Do you know how ……… an email? (send)
21 I’m longing ……… my birthday with all my friends (celebrate)
22 The Prime Minister is expected ……… the Home Secretary’s
resignation (accept)
23 It’s no use ……… Peter to act sensibly (tell)
24 Sam and Paula are looking forward ……… abroad on holiday (travel)
25 I can’t imagine Mary ……… that snobbish boy (marry)
26 Mandy prefers ……… (read) to ……… TV (watch)
27 We could prepare dinner tonight instead of ……… out (eat)