UNIT 4

to adjust to change something slightly in order to make it better, more accurate or more effective Ex: You can adjust the volume using this control here.. to amend to make changes to a

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Unit 4

Change

1 to adapt

to change your ideas or

behaviour so that you can deal with

a new situation

Ex: A successful business is one that adapts to changing situations.

2 to adjust

to change something slightly

in order to make

it better, more accurate or more effective

Ex: You can adjust the volume using this control here.

3 to alternate

if one thing alternates with another, it happens after it and keeps being repeated

Ex: You go first this game, and then we'll alternate.

4 alternative (n)

something that you can choose instead of something else

Ex: Can you suggest an alternative?

5 alternative

(adj)

different from something else and able to be used instead of it

Ex: We’re going

to have to find an alternative route.

6 to amend

to make changes

to a document, law, agreement, etc, especially in order to improve it

Ex: Could you amend the report before you send it?

7 conservative

not willing to accept much change, especially in the traditional values

of society

Ex: I grew up in a village where most of the people were quite

conservative.

8 to covert (v)

to change from one system, use or method to

another, or to make something

do this

Ex: We’re converting to a new computer system at work, so it's chaos at the moment.

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9 convert (n)

someone who has changed their beliefs in an important way

I didn't use to like Fiat cars, but now I’ve become a convert.

10.to decay

to be gradually destroyed as a result of a natural process of

change, or to destroy something

in this way

Ex: When leaves decay, chemicals are returned to the soil.

11.to deteriorate to become worse

Ex: The situation

in the country has deteriorated and tourists are advised not to go there.

12.to distort

to change something such as information so that it is no longer true or accurate

Ex: Journalists often distort statistics in order

to tell a good story.

13.dynamic

continuously changing, growing or developing

Ex: The world of electronics is a very dynamic area.

14.to endure

to suffer something unpleasant or difficult in a patient way over

a long period

Ex: I don't know how people endure the conditions in prison.

15.to evolve

when a type of plant or animal evolves, its physical form changes over a long period of time

Ex: Do you think people will eventually evolve into some kind of superhuman?

16.to influence to affect the way

someone thinks or behaves or affect the

way something

Ex: Don't let yourself be influenced by what she says.

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happens

17.innovative new, original and advanced

Ex: His first album was innovative, but I've been disappointed by the others.

18.innovation

a new idea, method, piece of equipment, etc

Ex: This innovation will mean cheap energy for everyone.

19.to last

to continue existing or happening for or until a particular time

Ex: The flight lasts five hours.

20.to maintain

to make something stay the same

Ex: I find it hard

to maintain my weight.

21.to mature (v)

to start behaving like an adult and become more sensible as you get older

Ex: As you mature, you'll see that things are much more complicated.

22.mature (adj)

behaving in the sensible way that you would expect

an adult to behave

Ex: Why can't you

be a bit more mature and stop being so childish?

23.to modify

to change something slightly, especially in order to improve

it or to make it less extreme

Ex: We've modified the design to solve the problem.

24.novel (adj) new or unusual

Ex: A TV that receives text messages is quite

a novel idea.

25.to persist to continue to do

or say something

in a determined way

Ex: You’ll get yourself into trouble if you persist in behaving in this

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way.

26.potential (n)

the possibility to develop or achieve something in the future

Ex: Ed's got a lot

of potential as an athlete.

27.potential (adj) possible or likely in the future

Ex: I think the book’s a potential bestseller.

28.to progress (v)

to continue to develop or move forward

Ex: Your English has really

progressed this term.

29.progress (n)

the process of developing or improving

Ex: I’m not sure that all this technological progress is necessarily a good thing.

30.radical (adj)

a radical change

or way of doing something is new and very different from the usual way

Ex: That’s quite a radical

suggestion.

31.to refine

to make some changes to something in order to improve it

Ex: You need to refine your argument to make

it clearer.

32.to reform (v)

to improve a situation by correcting things that are wrong or unfair, or make a system work more effectively

Ex: The government is planning to reform the health system.

33.reform (n)

a change intended

to correct a situation that is wrong or unfair

or make a system work more

effectively

Ex: These reforms don’t go far enough, in my opinion.

34.to remain to continue to be

in a particular

Ex: The interest rate is going to

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situation or condition

remain at 4%.

35.to revise

to change your opinion or judgment of someone or something

Ex: I think I'm beginning to revise my opinion

of Tim.

36.revolution (n)

a sudden or major change,

especially in ideas or methods

Ex: This invention will lead to a revolution in housework.

37.to shift

if an idea, attitude

or plan shifts or someone shifts it,

it changes

Ex: The plan has shifted so we'll need to have another meeting.

38.to spoil

to affect something in a way that makes it worse, less

attractive or less enjoyable

Ex: Your argument with Bill really spoiled the party.

39.status quo

the present situation or the way things usually are

Ex: Let's just keep the status quo until we know what’s

happening.

40.to steady

to hold something firmly without shaking or moving it

Ex: Could you just steady the ladder?

41.substitute

to remove one thing and put something else in its place

Ex: You can substitute cream with milk, if you have any.

42.to sustain

to provide the conditions in which something can happen or exist

Ex: The atmosphere on Mars won't sustain life.

43.to switch

to replace one object with another

Ex: Someone switched their briefcase for mine when I wasn't looking.

44.to transform to make someone

or something

Ex: Jill was completely

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completely different, usually

in a way that makes them more attractive, easier

to use, etc

transformed by her time at university.

45.trend

a gradual change

or development that produces a particular result

Ex: There's a trend towards smaller cars these days.

46.uniform (adj) the same everywhere

Ex: You should find that every Hilton hotel offers

a uniform standard of service.

Technology

1 breakthrough

a discovery or achievement that comes after a lot

of hard work

Ex: Scientists have finally made the breakthrough they were hoping for.

2 broadband

able to send different types of communication signals at the same time

Ex: You need a broadband connection to watch the video.

3 to click

to make a computer do something by pressing a button

on the mouse

Ex: Click here for more results.

4 complex

with a lot of details or small parts, which makes something difficult to

understand or deal with

Ex: The issue is too complex for simple solutions.

5 consumer

electronics

electrical equipment, such

as digital cameras, etc, which is available

Ex: There’s just

so much choice in the world of consumer electronics these

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for the public to buy

days.

6 to craft

to make or produce something skilfully

Ex: You can see that this basket was crafted by a real expert.

7 data

information in a form that a computer can use

Ex: Imagine how much data passes over the Internet each day.

8 to download

to move information to your computer from a computer system or the Internet

Ex: Listen to this song I

downloaded from the Internet.

9 file

a set of information on a computer

Ex: Make sure you save the file somewhere.

10.games console

a small piece of electronic equipment that you connect to a screen, used for playing video games

Ex: There's a lot

of competition between

manufacturers of games consoles.

11.manual

operated by people rather than

automatically or using computers

Ex: The pilot switched to manual control as the plane

approached the runway.

12.network

to connect computers together so that each computer can send and receive information to and from the other computers

Ex: We’ve networked all the computers in the office so that we can send files to each other more easily.

13.nuclear relating to energy

produced by changing the structure of the central part of an

Ex: Nuclear power is the only way we can meet our energy needs.

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atom

14.offline

working on a computer but not connected to the Internet

Ex: Download it now and you can read it when you are offline.

15.online

connected to or available through

a computer or a computer

network, especially the Internet

Ex: I've started an online library of songs

16.primitive

at a very simple stage of

development, before modern technology

Ex: Da Vinci drew pictures of what we might see

as a primitive helicopter.

17.programmer

someone whose job is to create computer programs

Ex: I'd like to be a programmer and work on computer games.

18.resource

something you can use to help you to achieve something, especially in your work or study

Ex: The main resource for my research was the library.

19.technique

a method of doing something using a special skill that you have

developed

Ex: I've worked out a new technique to get the computer to

do what I want.

20.to upload

to send documents or programs from your computer to

a larger system using the Internet

Ex: I'm just uploading something to my website.

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Idioms

1 a leopard can’t

change its spot

2 all mod cons

3 to break the mould

4 to change your turn

5 to have a change of heart

6 to know something inside out

7 to reinvent the wheel

8 to stick to your guns

9 the tools of the trade 10.to turn over a new leaf