prepare 7 student s book

prepare 7 student s book prepare 7 student s book prepare 7 student s book prepare 7 student s book prepare 7 student s book prepare 7 student s book prepare 7 student s book prepare 7 student s book prepare 7 student s book prepare 7 student s book prepare 7 student s book prepare 7 student s book

Trang 1

English Profile

Trang 3

1 Creative minds

2 Addicted to fashion

Culture Fashion design

3 Allin the mind

4 Take a deep breath Biology The heart Review 1

Culture World music

11 The family unit

12 Making a difference ICT Crowdsourcing Review 3

13 Leading the way

14 Getting there

Culture Cultural highways

15 The bigger picture

16 New and improved!

Geography Tourism Review 4

17 Making headlines

18 Start-up Culture Fair play

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Ca TINH Cr

Creative Online, films, music, media, Four to watch: young, talented

minds ®.g cast, soundirack and creative

page 10 © Word profile not

BaAddicted to —_—_Adiective + preposition, "The bíg question:

fashion ©:g aware of, loyal to © Word profile point

page 14

Culture Fashion design page 18

ĐẠIl in the Abstract nouns, e.g creativity, Humans: The smartest species?

mind intelligence © Word profile smart

page 20

@Take a dee| ‘Stress, e.g feel dizzy, lose your Under pressure?

page 24

Past times History, e.g ancestors, myth: ‘A good night's sleep?

os 32 @ Word profile take |

@Strong Expressing emotions, Whan fear becomes phobia

emotions ‘ag cheerlul furious

page 36

Culture Colours around the world page 40

Telling stories Verbs of movement; sounds, The Bruce-Partington Plans by

page 42 2g burst, whistle Sir Acthur Conan Doyle

A great place to study Q@A great place Community, e.g industrial,

to live

page 46

Literature Poetry page 50

©Being positive Collocations, e.g have ago,

Review 2 Units 5-8 page 52

Your future looks bright or

make a difference does it?

ppt © Word profile hold

W Surprise! Phrases with in, out of, at, by:, Flash mob fun?

page 58 e.g at fault, by accident, in secret

Culture World music page 62

Simple, continuous or perfect

Present perfect (simple and continuous)

The grammar of phrasal verbs

Modals (1): Necessity and

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Listening The boy who wore a skirt to school

Speaking Interviews (Introducing an opinion

_ Listening Talking about stress

Speaking Offering help

Listening Everyday situations

Speaking Favourite things

Generalising

Listening A new skate park

Speaking Comparing photographs

Comparing and contrasting

Listening A radio phone-in

Speaking Surprising news Expressing surprise

Reading and Use of Creative minds English part 7 '

Writing part 1

‘Speaking part 1 Fashion

Reading and Use of

English part 6

Writing part 2

Reading and Use of English part 4 Listening part 3

Reading and Use of

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ST CT ST Who do you think you are?

'® Word profile all

QO The family Phrasal verbs: Relationships,

unit ig, count on, take after

Page 64

Making a Communication and effect,

difference 9.g amuse, inspire

page 68

ICT Growdsourcing page 72

WLeading the —_ Leadership and achievement,

way 8.9 adventurous, stand out

page 76

Getting -Phrasal-verbs, e.g break down,

there cool down

page 80

Culture Cultural highways page 84

WThe bigger — Global issues; Nouns and verbs, MYPs @ ee (UK Youth

picture e.g elect, support

page 86

New and ‘Advertising: Nouns and verbs,

improved! 2.g.aimed at, logo

page 90

Geography Tourism page 94

‘Making The media, e'g gossip about,

Secs highlight the need for

page 98

®Start-up The world of work, h

e.g flexible working hours,

padels0e work shifts

‘Culture Fair play page 106

Points of Opinions and beliefs,

L4 e.g bear in mind, hard to deny

page 108 Word profile mind

€Speak up Idioms, e.g break the ice,

page 112 cross your mind

Economics A school business page 116

Random acts of kindness

‘Three Dot Dash

Young, independent and on

Guerrilla marketing

Could you be a citizen journalist?

The big decision

Explaining your brain

‘Teen-speak’ —We love it!

@ Word profile standard

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‘ both, either, neither

Phrasal verbs with up,

e.g keep up, speak up

Reporting verbs, e.g

Listening The violinist in the Underground Speaking Discussing options

Keeping talking

A review (1)

Listening Travel problems

Speaking Making decisions

@ Word profile break

An essay (3)

Linking words (1)

Listening Advertising Speaking Expressing opinions

A review (2)

Language for reviews

Listening Unique Tees Speaking Agreeing and disagreeing

An essay (4)

Linking words (2)

Listening Eight everyday situations Speaking Taking turns and negotiating

Word profiles page 132 Vocabulary list page 139

Reading and Use of English part 2

Writing part 2

Listening part 2 Speaking part 3

Reading and Use of English part 7 Writing part 2

Reading and Use of English part 4 Listening part 3

Writing part 1

Reading and Use of English part 2 Speaking part 2 Speaking part 3

Reading and Use of English part 3 Writing part 2

Reading and Use of

English part 5 Listening part 4

Reading and Use of

English part 6 Writing part 1

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ftr0qrcfb Focus on

the different meanings of important words and phrases

{ Easy to find exam tasks

%| %ftfupppctub Give your

Opinion on the topic in the text

Gaymscdiziiarp Take the grammar

challenge and learn from common mistakes

(rŒotrfft3 Leorn useful

tips to help you WED Watch interviews

Learn useful words and phrases for effective

communication

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iterature fom

CRED Watch teenagers

doing speaking tasks

in an exam situation

Look through your book and do the quiz with your partner

Q Whatis the topic of Unit 4?

In which unit can you find a picture of the footballer, Gareth Bale?

§ In which unit can you find a photo of the British parliament building?

@ On which page can you find out how to look after your heart?

6 Can you find a famous Colombian singer? Who is she? What page is she on?

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‘U Creative minds

VOCABULARY Online, films, music, media

4 Read the qulz and note down your answers,

Check the meaning of the wartis

1 Have you got a website, or blog, or

do you record a poticast?

How offen do you fost conwnaits on Websites?

Mave you @ver reviewed a movie or TV show

oniine?

Which actor plays your favourité film or TY oharactir?

Cary you rerramber a good scene from a film

you've sean recently?

Boos your favourite tilt fave an all-star east or unknown actors?

Have you ever bouent the Saundtwan to d movie or TV ser|8S!

Do you (hii you have a good singing yulea?

Have you aver dompagad of written a piece

of music yoursall?

Do you ever learn (he iyries to Songs brat

are in the charts?

Have you ever torwad a band? What

instriiment do you play?

Do you tead mocern Westsellers, or do you prefer (he eiawaica?

What's your layoutite series of books?

Are (here Tint eesions of any books

you like?

2 Discuss the quiz questians

A: Have you got 4 website, or blag, or do you record a podeast?

B; /'ve got @ blog It’s abaut computer games But I've

never recorded a podcast

3 Match the creative jobs to the definitions

ctor editor novelist TV presenter

1 reviews things and shares (heir opinion about them

Someone who

2 corrects and changes text (na book,

3 Iells the actors in a film or play what to do

4 writes fictional books

5 introduces a show

4 Ci You will hear five people talking about their Jobs Match each speaker to a job in exercise 3

5 ©1012 Listen again and make notes about each

job Then discuss the questions below

1 Which job do you think is the easlest/hardest2 Why?

2 Which job do you think is he most interesting? Why?

READING

1 Read the questions Then read text A about a

talented young person Which two questions

telate to text A?

Which person

7 was inspired by a famous book?

2 discovered a talent after watuhing a film?

3 took up a new hobby in order to do something well?

4 used ä Video Website to enter a competition?

§ provided information about their private life that Was Well received’?

6 was confident thal (heir work Would be taken seriously?

7 hada parent who Was Initially unsupportive of

their idea?

8 benefited from a highly unusual form of education?

2 © Read the whole article For the remaining questions In exercise 1, choose from the people

(B-0), The people may be chosen more than once

3 Complete the sentences with the highlighted

words in the texts

1 The Olympics is a change to see many athletes at

the ol their career

2 Lucy is she can sing, but her voice is awful!

3 They a competition to design their website

4 Do people like Emerson and Nancy give you the

to get creative?

5 Mark has the to be a great singer,

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YOUNG, TALENTED AND CREATIVE

9 jAck‹|E EvANcne ‹ was while watching the musical version

of Phantom of the Opera on TV that Jackie Eyancho found her passion for music She started singing the songs around her home and revealed a surprisingly mature singing Voice, Jackie started entering local singing contests and after seeing the reaction of audiences, her parents realised her potential

From there, Jackie's life changed dramatically Her mum started uploading Jackie's performances to the web to share with her ever-increasing numbers of fans Jackie used the clips to enter an audition for the TV shaw, America’s Got Talent and won

a place onthe show! Although she wasn't quite good enough to win the show — she finished in second place = it was an incredible achievement Since the show, she’s

workwd asa professional singer She's released several albums, toured the US and even

starred in a Hollywood thriller,

ŒÑ Maney Vi Fan When Nancy Yi Fan moved to the US from China, aged seven, she spoke hardly any English, She learned by reading classics, she says, {t took her two years to write her first novel, Swordbird When she had! finished it, she emailed acopy to

several leading publishers in the US, Without an agent, book proposals are rarely read, but Nancy believed in her ability to succeed And she did - a year later, at the age of 12, she was a published novelist with a bestseller Now, Nancy has not only completed all triree books in the Swordbird series, but also translated! them into Chinese herself, The inspiration tor Nancy’s series came from a dream and her love of birds, The story is 2bour @ world full of birds, at war over a lack of food, Nancy even trained in martial arts

in order to write the fight scenes more accurately,

EMERSON Spanrz As a child, Emerson Spartz read a lot, Instead of having to

help around the house, he and his brother were told to read biographies of successful people, At just 12, Emerson persuaded his parents to let him leave school and teach himself

at home, Very few children of his age do this, but it quickly proved successful for him

While Emerson was reading the first novel in the Harry Potter series, he came up with the Idea of Mugg/enet — a Website and online forum for Potter fans He livitiched the website wher He was still just 12, Over the next five years, Emerson and his parents watched in amazement as the website grewrto receive, at its PEAK, 50 million Visits every month

Emerson even wrote a book for fans on the famous wizard Now Emerson is running his

‘ewe company, Spartz Media The company owns over 20 popular websites especially

` ajmed at young people

ry Tom CASSELL tom caseltis an entrepreneur who has tured a hobby

Into a living, A massive fan of computer gaming, Torn had the idea of filming a

, game and commenting on the action while he was playing, But just as popular as

\ Tomn’s comments-on the game itselt, were the details he gave about what he was

, Upto personally, At first, Tom's father wasn’t conwireel the project would be

successful However, When one video got 3,000 views.in'a day, he changed his

\ mind) tt took three years, but Tom's online video channel now has millions of vewers He'travels widely, promoting his videos and is a well-known figure in

- the video-garning world For Tom, this is just the beginning ‘I've got three \ ultimate goals 1h (He —a job in the games industry, ta travel the world and _ x \ create my ow) house I'm going'to bulle my awn dieam gaming house,’

& Word profile mot Talking points

J © Brrysis think pecale aye naturally

My day-ta-day work's 10) all as excilg a6 peaple think, sleatvé, or can they tay to be

—_ “IEBIivE?

She wasr’) quite good ørrnuphị tơ Win (le =hoW, Woat other qyaliiestie young

| have to be up at four, mint lo menice bemng

in bed by eight the previaus evening

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GRAMMAR Simple, continuous or

perfect

4 Match the examples to the meanings

1 Since the show, she’s worked as 4 profassional

singer

2 When ste nad finished it, she emailed a copy

to several leaping publishers in the US, Now Emerson is running his own company

The cornpany awns aver 20 popular websites

While Emerson was reaciing the first novel,

He launched the website when he was still

Just twelve

an action in progress in the present

b arvaction in progress In the past

c araction that started in the past and continues into the present

d a tact or state in the present

2 a single completed action in the past

f apast action which links back further in the past Complete the rules with continuous, perfect

‘or simple

We use the;

and for ragular or completed actions,

b present of past for actions or states (hat are iy progréss oF unfinished

G present or past far actions of states that connect two time periods

3 Grammar raterence page 148

3 Choose the correct sentence or response Can

you explain your choices?

4 We cide't have lid to speak to Jack for jong

@ When we atrived, he had left

b Whien We arrived, he was leaving

2 | did nothing yesterday

a | spent the entire day sleeping,

b I've spent the entire day sleeping

@ Whal are you up to at the moment?

@ | offen reviow lilms online,

b |'m reviewing a film aniline

4 tm laoking torwate to the axl book |n the

series

8 | read all the others

b |'ve read all the others,

5 This actor Is often in policenthriliers

a Yes, he's playing lots ofcharacters like this

b Yes, he plays foto characters like this

1 Choose the correct spellings

1 It quickly proved siuimcesful / successful for him

2 She revealed a suprisingly / surprisingly mature singing vaice,

3 Nancy believed / belived in her ability to succeed

4 Although / Althought she wasn't quite good enough to

win the show, it was an incredible achievement

5 The company owns over 20 popular websites

especially / expecially almed at young people

Match the types of spelling mistakes to the

misspelled words in exercise 1, Write the

Underline and correct the spelling mistakes What

type of spelling mistakes are they?

4 | would prefer more of 4 chaise \1 school subjects

2 Nowadays It's rarely manesary to Use public phones

3 | was bored from the bagiining and couldn't wait untill it

was avel,

4 We were delightéd to recieve the award

§ The government isn't doing enough about the

enviroment,

6 | don't know wether thal bed will ba comfortable.

Trang 13

WRITING An essay {1)

1 Discuss the questions

1 What creative subjects do you do at school?

2 Do you spend as much time on creative Subjects as acadamic subjects?

2 Read the task, What is the essay question?

3Ä Read the Prepare box and the jumbled paragraphs of

the essay Match the paragraphs to the plan

In your English class you have been, talking about different school subjects, Now your English teacher has

asked you to write an essay

Write an essay using all the notes and giving reasons for

} which subjects ara important in your country

2 whial subjects are Useful for a career

a (your own (dea)

They deserve a more pignificant role in children’s

ediscation

B This is an Interestiny question which Many people

Hola Strong opinions about, In most schools im

MY vountey, students have far tore {essons in

Pye like maths and languages than creative Subjects such as dryama, and flisic, Rurthenniore,,

many students study po create subjects after

HIE age of 15,

Write your essay using all the notes and giving

GB However, others feel that without music and, drama, students may never get to express their creative sides They might never discover their

talent for singing, playing musical instruments or Ẻ acting Many of the highest academic achievers |

have a creative side For instalied, Einstein

loved music as much as he loved physics, oe

® acadenic subjects ape

important, Almost Fveryone will need maths

and Foreign language skills in their future

Working life ÍÑ(CÐRfuSE, (cụ, people will be

lucky or talented Gnough to ear a living as a

Professional musician op an actor, `

4 Which of the highlighted expressions

in the essay introduces:

5 Read the task and answer the questions,

In your English class, you have been talking about the role of education, New your English teachor has asked you to write an essay

reasons for your point of view,

Schools should teach practical skills, such as managing money and applying

| for jobs, as well as academic subjects Ỉ

Do you agree?

Notes Write about:

1 the Importance of academic subjects ) | 2 the difficulty ol learning practical skills

| {your own idea)

1 Do you agree or disagree wilh the statement?

2 What arguments support the statement?

3 Whal arguments are agalnst the statement?

4 Whatare your conclusions?

* Use your answers.to the questions in exercise 5_

* Organise your essay into the paragraph plan in the Prepare box,

* Use the expressions in exercise 4,

= Gheck your spelling and gramtnar

* Write 140-190 words

Trang 14

«| Addicted to fashion

VOCABULARY Adjective + preposition

* I'm not all that o(eree Aoou what

+ O11 Read what four young people say about

fashion Match the sentence halves of the extracts, Listen and check & I've never been j\isn aleut a frlend's

» dress serise People can ba valy sensitive about their appearance

Wear whatever | like,

choose how they want to look

| Tm aware ©f What's in fashion

* I'm easily presser by designer labels

> I'M pretty adventurous tte

® my taste in clothes, but I'd never wear fur

Ahmed

4 {'m addicted to clothes Shopping

2 | don't waste tim worrying about what

else might be available

& just because they had an expensive

brand of trainers,

to wear anything that looks good,

5 | do need to be cautious about spending

6 I'mabsoliitely hopeless at making

4 decisions about clothes

b J just cart stop,

2 Cins Answer the questions Listen again and 3

check Are the sentences true or false according to the

text? Correct the false sentences,

1 One particular colour has always been associated

1 Where doos Emma buy most of her clothes?

2 What did Alimed have to da when he accidentally with girls (Maltea)

spent too much?

2 lis worth paying more tor a good brand of trainers

3 Why dogs Dan like wearing conventional clothes? (Hallie)

4 Whal does Sata think of brands and labels? ' 3 People might make fun of you [or Wearing

fashionable traliiers (Halla)

4 Your clothes can change yaur mood (Isabel)

A ‘Tin aware of What's in Fastivy) because | pend 3 Than plo:

6 Cheap-clothes can look as Qood as more

8 tet 7 Panne Tm un seek Mata an expensive fastiion items, (Isabel)

7 Clothes can tall ather people about the wearer

(Hannah)

READING

@ Replace the underlined Phrases with the

1 Look at the photo of a clothing stall at Camden highlighted words in the text

Lock Market Would you enjoy shopping here? 1 Your earrings are absol Utely beautiful

Why? / Why no?

2 | like Wearing interesting and unusual clothes

2 Road the text quickly, Which ‘Big Question’ are all five people answering? 3 | Tike faiy traditional, ordinary clothes, nothing

foo unuswial,

1 Do people warty too much about fashion? * Gore eg af pockets: It looks very

2 Does fashion actually matter? 4

5 He was wearing a suit ina popular

9 Are you aware of the latest fashions’? well-designed style

| Unit 2

Trang 15

bur lim more worrled about other

ponple's rerible dress sense! |'ve been reading an article abour the history of fashion, It made sere good points; like who says

lie is fow boys antl giik i5 Ípr girls? In fart, 100 years age, pink

was a hoys' cilourand blue was for girls! And what about skitts for men? They're comfortable anid fifietarial, bur men in the

West never weal them

We tentl co think of fashion as fast-moving, bur It aciually

changes superslowly, Men have been Weating shirts, ties

ond suits for centuries Similarly, woren’s dress has changed very little during the past few hundred years, except forthe

introduction of trousers in the 1950s, You see some weird tuft

on the catwalks, Hit i féal life clothes are baring | reckon It’s

fime tora fashian revolution! Tato Ver

| cahft sland labels, Everyone al my

school warits designer labels, but Lcun’t understand why people are Willing to pay hundreds of euros for top brands

when cheaper ones ae really fo different Irs hard to kiow

what to de-a¥ school! I you have cheap clothes, people might

tease you, but if you have really expensive clothes, there's always the worty that someone might try to steal them The :

point ls, logos and brands cause all kinds of problems

it made some good points

Clothes actually make me happy

Why do you think that some people ara-so

concerned about fashion?

Do you think thet clothing can affect a person's

mood? How?

In what ways do you think the clothes somaane

wears show theif personality?

I'm pretty relaxed about my clothes and | cartainly

don't depend on anyone's advice about what fo Wear: | tend

to go fora canventianal look, clothes that feel great and that

you can wear anywhere I've been relaxing at home, 50 l'n

wearing something casual; a pair of old Levis and a tennis shirt

with a pocket onthe chest, | appreciate elasslt design, butt

don't think clothes matter that much Underneath the mask,

we're all human beings and we're all individuals, | sometimes

find myself making judgements about people based on their

clothes, butt quickly stop myself I's imipartant fo ignere

someone's appearance and concentrate on the person inside

Clothes actually make me happy - up toa point!

Ihave clothes to sultevery mood, occasion and season

Fashion is important because il helps people to express their individuality and identity, ‘High’ fashion — theclothing supermodels wear on the catwalk is associated with Paris, Milan, New York, Lonclon, burevery country has developed

iS own fashion industry and its own look There's no pvintin

spending loads of money on fashion Most gaod malls sell

clothes that-are inspired by Ihe catwalk, so you ean still buy clothes that look Stuart but they cost ten times less, With fashion, there’s something for everyone

Some peuple

aren't interested jn haw they look, but everyone wears same

Iurm of clothing and their clothes jake a statement | think clothes matter because your choice af elothes influences

how others think of you Jake m6, for example, I'm really inte

‘alee nTatve clothing, | avoicl chain shops iy malls | go for small,

independent shops antl second hand clothes from markets,

\collect badges, I've been laoking for same 1950s American badges but they're all much too expensive, So what da my clothes say about me? They say I'm an individual | think

independently I'm original | hove my awn style What do your

Seal lothing stall, Camden| Lae

Trang 16

2 Match the pairs of sentences

GRAMMAR Present perfect simple and

continuous

1 Match the examples to the rules

4 Men have been wearing shirts, les and suits for

centuries

2 Every country has developed its own fashion industry and its awn look,

3 Women’s dress has changed very little during the

past few hundred years

4 /'ve been relaxing at home, so |'m weating

something casual

We use the present perfect simple for:

@ apast action with a present result

b an action that happened in a time period that is

not yet complete

We use the present perfect continuous for:

d= an action (still continuing or just completed)

that explains a present situation,

+ Grammar reference page 149

1 Vogue magazine has published

2 Vogue magazine has been publishing

@ only one superlong magazine — with 916 pages!

b fashion magazines since 1892

3 My wardrobe’s almost empty I've been getting rid

4 | used to have loadg of jackets, but I've got rid

a of (hem all, sorry

b of lots of old clothes recently 1's a nice feeling!

& Anna works for Gucel, She has been

designing -

6 Anna works for Gucci, She's designed

a handbags for 15 years

b hundreds of beautiful bags

Complete the sentences Use the present perfect simple or continuous form of the verbs

1 I'm cold We, outside without jackets, (sit)

2 Stella McCariney some ðf lashloris most interesting designs, (produce)

@ \ haven't put your clothes outside to dry yet, It

all afternoon, (rain) eres

4 Look!! some new shoas! (buy)

5 | your blog all week, It's brilliant, (read)

6 ‘You're late!’‘I'm sorry | in the queue, (walt)

| haven't been blogging far long, | think | wrote

my first about three months ago

©.Corpus challenge

VOCABULARY Verb + preposition

14 Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box

apologised for depending on do without heercef laughat compared with cope with

people wearing onesies

Ihaven't heard, of ‘onesies! “xa

You still haven't losing my scarf

| hate it when people my uniform

Clothes these days are very cornfortable

a century ago

4 |hate my parents for money to buy clothes

5 Maria can't going to crowded shopping centres

6 leant, buying new clothes at least once a

month

2 Ask and answer questions using verb + preposition

phrases

A: Is there enything that you can't do without?

B: | definitely can't do without my sunglasses

Trang 17

| USTENING

k ' 1 You will hear part of a TV chat show, Look at the

ait) picture and discuss what the people might talk

about

2 Cin Listen and check,

3 Ou Listen again and answer the questions

1 What new dress regulations did Chris Bennett's

school introduce?

2 Why did the school decide to ban shorts?

3 What did ihe rules about school clothing fail to mention?

4 Where do men wear clothes that are similar to

7 What point did the school make in the debate?

8 What was the result of the debate?

1 Do you think schools and colleges are right to ban some items of clothing? Why? / Why not?

2 What are the good and bad points about uniforms

in schools and at work?

SPEAKING

1 > You will hear Sophia and Pavel doing an

interview Read the interview questions, then listen

Which question does the interviewer not ask?

Interviews

you from?

@|2 How long have you lived here/there?

3 What do you like most about your school?

4 What do you do after school?

5 Do you like shopping?

6 What else do you like doing in

your free time?

2 ©:‹: Read the Prepare box, Who uses each

phrase? Listen again and write S (Sophia) or

P (Pavel)

3 Prepare for a short interview about yourself

* Make notes on your answers to the questions in exercise 1

* Add a few extra ideas for each answer

* Review the questions Think about what tenses and relevant vocabulary you can use for each answer

4 © Work in pairs interview each other

* Ask the questions from exercise 1 You can add other questions during the interview,

» Answer using phrases from the Prepare box

Addicted to fashion

Trang 18

Se pe ea Fashion desig

BFA TRIVIA

@ Mary Quaril, who Invented the

Miniskirt in the 1960s, entered the BFA Hall of Fame in 1990 for her ietime contribution to fashion

1 Match the pictures to the words in the box Then read

the text What are the British Fashion Awards?

Designer of the Year four times

between 1996 and 2003,

Ohice a year, the British Fashion Council rolls out the

fed carpet for the British Fashion Awards

@ slarstudded ayant lo honaurdha nation's most lalenled, crualive desipnars

} The BFC fold its first awercls ceremony In 1984 with

P the introduction af its Designer of the Year Award, |he

first winner Was a Young designer named Katharine

Hamnat!, who croatect Tshirts wilh bold, captfaversial

» Slogans, sush as ‘Slop anid ‘Think! ane ‘Make Trade Farr’, Five year: When the AFC decided ta add rnore

categories, the British Fashion Awards were hay

Alon with the year's best designer, [hy ceremony honours the best menswear and the best ae cessories, ; `

such as shoes, hats and Jewellery, There is also an award ur

for (he Best Brand, which Violoria Beckham wor in 20L1

for her self named company, Every year there js alsa an dward lor Outstanding Achieverrient ta recognise designers who Haye Mmade-af impact on the global fastian industry,

IN 2012, this award wert ta Manolo Blahnik for his

SPectagular designs of high-heel shoes and nther footwear

menswear.and accessories, Fittingly, there is also an

award for the year’s best fashion model with bast winners

including supermodels Kate Moss and Agyness Deyn

2 Read the sentences Are they true or false? `

Correct the false sentences,

1 The BFA is an annual awards ceremony

2 The lirst British Fashion Awards were in 1989 \

9 There are only awards for fashion designers,

4 Manolo Blahnik designs shoes: \

4 Mary Quant won a special award in 1990

3 Answer the questions with information fram the text

1 How many awards did the BFC give in 19847

2 Which designer won the Best Brand award in 20117

3 What awards are there are tor new designers?

4 In which category has Agyness Deyn won an award?

§ Who Won the Designer of the Year award four times?

§ Who won the Besi Menswear award in 20097

Trang 19

4 lead the success stories of two rising stars

Complete them with the words in the boxes

5 In pairs, discuss the questions

4 What do you think it takes to become a successful designer?

2 Stella's father is very famous Do you think this helped her career? Why? / Why not?

3 Do yoy think fashion designers should use any animal products?

6 ©i.06 Listen to a podcast about the British

designer Christopher Raeburn Take notes,

7 1,0 Use your notes to choose the correct

words, Listen again and check

1 Christopher Raeburn uses a lot of artificial / recycled materials for his fashion designs

Raeburn is famous for reusing / designing military uniforms for his collections

He finished art school in 2008 / 2008

Raeburn has / doesn’t have his own company,

He makes clothes for men / men and women His designs are usually not practical / simple

Raeburn's clothes are made in Asia / the UK

SUCCESS STORIES

A Stella McCartney first became famous as the daughter of Paul McCartney, a

The Beatles However, Stella 15 now well known as

a talented fashion designer, Her clothes are cool

and modern, with clean, (2)

she never uses (3)

or fur, Stella showed her first collection (i) 1995 and

established her (4)

lines and prodiicts like leather

fashion house

womerisweat, as well as accessoriés and

sportswear For the 2012 Olympics, Stella

designed (6) for the British athletes,

although some people thought they were too

unconventional

® Jonathan Saunders, a designer from Scotland, i5 an up-and-coming name in British fashion, Famous for combining (7)

colours and bold prints, Saunders’ clothes are

famous (9) , include women like Michelle

Obama and the actress Sienna Miller,

Jonathan studied

textile design before

entering the world

of fashion At first,

he created prints for

famous designers, like Alexander McQueen, Then he

Jonathan Saunders brand in 2003, In addition

to running his business, Jonathan also designs

clothing for the Pollini fashion (12)

in Italy

Write a protile of a fashion designer Answer the questions below

Where is the designer from?

What do his/her designs look lke?

When did he/she start in fashion?

Does he/she have a personal brand?

Has he/she won any fashion awards?

Trang 20

1 Cin Read the paragraph about a podcast

Choose the correct abstyact nouns, Listen and check

THE Debate

(s there finally | agrme nant / forture in

the debate over * intelligence / mature

vs Nurture?

Are we born with a personality that

never changes and with a fixed amount

of 4 intelligence / development?

In other words, \s our! agreement /

fortune in life dictated by our genes

~ Ine ‘nature’ argument? Or do we

start life as a blank sheet? Does our social and (ntellectual * fortune / development come from our life

experiences — the ‘nurture view?

New reasearch appears to suggest that both sides In the debate might be right,

2 Cis Listen to Sara and Ahmed talking about

“THE Debate! Are the sentences true or false?

Atimed has already listened to 'THE Debate}

According to the podeast, everyone has the gsnes

fo become @ professional foothaller

You need the fight genes and the right anvironment

to be successful

Accarding to the podcast, people can become more intelligant by working hard,

3 Oro Complete the sentences with the abstract

nouns in the box Listen again and check,

determination pellet coacerltrallon luck success creativity

They discussed what you need to achieve

In life

You need the

That was a common

You could be born with the

artist

actually become more intelligent,

Il you really try to Improve your ., develop different parts of your brain

in the past

to be @ great

.you can

to be born with the right genes

4 Complete the sentences with the correct abstract

n jouns from exercises 1 and 3

Have you got the to work hard and be successful?

I'm Sure you'll win | wish you good ! Are good exam results really a proof of ? Reading helps to Improve your

She is lovely, {t's in har to be kind

1 Look at the photos and read the title of the article,

In what ways are humans smarter than other species? Read the article quickly and check your ideas

2

4

`

Z—————

Six sentences have been removed from the

article, Read sentences A-G and notice the Underlined words What do you think the words might refer to?

A Some psychologists have trained one to

recognise Over 1,000 nauns!

B Howéver, research suggests that they can't put

individual words together to form sentences

C It was using a rock to crack open a shellfish

D Ttisthe moment when they realise that an image

ita reflection is actually of themselves

E || has got a bigger brain, but bratn size doesn't equal intelligence,

F This happens whether or tol thiay belong to the same farnily

The lalter involves being able tu imagine what it must be like lo be jn another's siluation

Read the example answer, Notice how the

underlined words can help you to decide on the

correct answer

1G: "The latter’ cefers to ‘empathy’ two lines

before te, áp 'Empodjl` + also mentioned

un Ore sentence following He gap

fs each gap 2-8) Use the undedined words

to help you decide There is one extra sentence

whieh you do not need to use,

5 Find the 12 animal species |1n the text In what

ways are they intelligent?

6 Find the eight Aighlighted nouns in the article,

Which ones are abstract nouns?

Trang 21

andtore vel co this reyzurarion in surprising anct

charming ways; whales an Sing dolphins enjoy showing

off with balls ang rubber rings, parrots Gale yale buys

{hnguaye ald, apparently, an ociopus Has even leatmed to-

fil OF a jar| This demanstrates acertaln amount

wake

s[rlETetftlttiIfurl, but dods it mean anitnals are actually

iMfellioerit, he Hunan?

There are hye communly- recognised signs of Intelligence;

{rhe ability ro rake sie use a tool,.2) problem-solving,

Wihealillity to communicate ahel understand, 4) the

Sapacity for abstraer thpudghit (for example, selding,

fumbles Up) and 5) psychaingical qualities suclias

solhawareness andeempathy The former of thee

psyehnlorjical ryudlities 14 the ability to realine that you

die an individ! Whois sapandie fron other individuals

signs of efpatly

FAG Most chitetran start lu streiw bast

foo 2 very early age

weestors started wing stone baols manethan 2,5

milla years ago, Scientists used to beliewe that anly

furpdilis frossesséd itis skill, lou) rowarlays wee kraow

(hats0ifie animals alo Use tools, Chimpanzees øAr1 altts

Usual ones; fron) bushes ia collect ants, ia pointed

Sicks lov Use as Weapons Brown bears rub stones against

ft [Uit từ rerfiave dirt aneldeart skin, Fven.a tropical Ash

was filed recently using a tect) 2

Both understanding and producing language aré.obvious

signe otintelligerce Although adog can't taÌR, !t car1

indentwn commends a | |itcan also unclerstanc

wei riosin Commandsin English: like Tauelt the ball

orblek the bore up! ineluding

conmibinations of verb + haun that It

hasn't heard before This is similar

lo the Understanding of a hliman chilclaged twa,

Most animals €an communicate

with each other by singing, barking and sơ ơn When piarrgts hear human language they ean pick ibup and repeatit, often to

oreat comic effect, [4 | |Sorne

chimpanzees can ‘talk’ to humans:

using Sign language, but what they car) say |s fairly limited, Only humans

calluse complex language with grammar

There is an Interesting test for selfawareness — the mirror test :

For humans, the mirtor stage occurs at about 75=|8iienths old

is] - [mm test this with animals, scientists draw coloured spot on

tries to touch or remaye the spout Mast animals can't recognise themselves in the reflection ina mirror = not even dags, Only elephants, dolphins and great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas and

Perhaps the Harcest (melligence test of all is for empathy Empathy

is extremely rare in animals, but elephants ane said) to display it, They are aware oF others in the group and care for then wher they are ill,

andadults Work tagetherta protect yating ones | | Elephant

behavlaur such as this ls Taselnating, but (he chingpangee is by far the

ina memory test of numbers on a computer screen! But even though

chimpanzees are goad at problem-solving and abstract thought, '

Ihey can't light fires, cook food, make €lathes of send rackets into | space, which makes humans the smartest species.on earth

|

EPp Word profile smart

` | need a smart jacket for my interview

2,

In which ways are human beings not

the smartest species?

To what extent do humans depend on animals?

Does mankind show animals enough respect? How? / Why not?

Trang 22

1 Underline the Phrasal verbs In the examples, Mae Separate tho verh arte the particle:

1 snd a wien up-to His.reputation ïn nin 0 you / ever hand in / hameworle/ late

2 Dolphins enjoy showing off 1 ĐH havided homework: in Late?

2 They cara for them when they are ji), ủ

2 geLon will / everyone in your family

4 They have the capacity for adding nurnibers up 8 clear bo / at hame

5 When paresis tear humar Janguage, hey can pick 4 jolnin/ hàn g tá

5 took forward to / summer holidays

2 Match the phrasal verbs in exercise 1 to the types of phrasal verb in the rules

5 Ask and answer the questions you wrote in

exercise 4,

@ phrasal verbs without an object ‘There are foul types of phrasal varb:

Our car brake down last hight

b separable phrasal verbs with an object

(awhtohedton the TV

OR | Switched Ihe TY oft

| switthad Haft

(NOT p-awetioma-eitil, }

Can ile clea) with pis fobiam2

Can you deal witty re

(NOT Garr retin dlanlfltzrrrnhlernell-wwile3)

do (separable thres-part phrasal verbs

Iìn lowlelenty forward te the yaeskend

VOCABULARY Verb + fo infinitive

1 Read the examples Which verb can't be followed

by an object?

| I've persuaded my friends te fenc ime some money

I've persuaded my friends not to worry about me

2 Do you Want me to stay a little longer?

> Grammar reterence page 150 Do you want to stay a little longer?

| don't want to stay any langer,

2 Road the email, Choose the correct phrasal verbs don’t want you f0 stay any longer

In one answer, both options are possible,

9 They tend to go shopping on Saturdays

They tend nat to go stopping on Sundays

| have some bad news about my visit I'M really

sorry but | need to ‘ut off il / put it off again, It's

my best friend’s birthday party the same weekend

and I'm helping to organisa the party | have to be

there and | can't really *.get it out a? get out al it

I's such a pity, I've been“ /ooking forward to it /

looking it forward to, I'm sorry to “let down you /

let you down \'ve even bought my train tickets |

can't gat a refund, so I'll have to *thraw them away /

throw away ther), which is abit annoying! Are you

free 30th May? | think | can get away then, I'd love

you to °show around me / show me around the

city Maybe you could 7 book us in / book in Ue ata

restaurant | will came next time, | promise! By the

way, "pass on ny thanks / pass my thanks on to yo\lr

brother for the book he lant me

advise tgree ask beg” sneourage

expect force help hope — intenct persuade plan pretand relUise femind tend want warn

41 When was the last time you refused to do something?

2 How would you persuade a friend to help you with

a job?

3° What are you planning to do this Weekend?

4 What do you intend to do when you leave school?

Trang 23

WRITING An jnformal later or email

' 1 Discuss the questions,

4 What new skills have you learned recently?

2 Whatis the best way to learn a new skill?

2 Read the task, then read Dan's email, Has Dan

answered al] Raj's questions?

You liave received en email from your Inend, Raj

Can you help me with my class project? | have

to write about the ways in which people learn &

new skill, Please tall me about a skill you have

ledtned recently How have you developed this

skill? What aspects of it have you found difficult?

'Woulil you recommend other teenagers to take

upithe sama skill?

Thanks, Raj

Write your email

Hi Fa

Its great to hear fronryou Actually, got a

Iteguard qualification Garler this yoar, so

now jt spending most Saturdays down at

the beach We're (here to help swimmers and

surlers Who get into difflauitias anc this could

ba pretty seary without any training, right?

Anyway, to gal qualified, | did a course at

iy local pool, | fackan I'm a strong swimmer

| and |'Vo always been guile fil, 60 the physical

paris of the gourse wete fing, but | found +

call (he stuff on first-ald techniques really

challenging, 'm fine with tall new though

anid |'ve picked up loads-of practical tips from

the more experianced guys I'm working with,

“Yall Need to ba 16 for Iifequard training Plus

you must be I) yood shape The thing is,

other people will be relying on your strangth

and {Itness in tisky situations and you can't

let them down

d four other examples of informal language

liv Informal letters ane emails,

* use an informal opening axprassion

Haw nice to yet your news!

II'S gieal ta heaf front you

Thanks for your omall,

use informal exprassions to aad Imai

To start with Also PIB, —

se informal language and phiasal verbs lreckon Tha trig IS

lise contracted (arms

don't, can), wouldn't Lise an informal closing expression Take care Wille spon Lave Keep in touch

4 Find informal sentences and expressions in

the email to match the formal! sentences and

expressions below,

7 \twas Very pleasing lo receive your arail

2 Our job is to agsist swimmers and surfers who

experience difficulties,

3 This could be rather daunting without training

4 [tis also important that you hava ä qood level of

fiiness

5 Dan has not answered the tinal question in the task Write a fourth paragraph to Dan’s email, answering this question

I'd recommend, becoming a lifeguard because

——

6 Read the task and plan your answer,

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Niki, Can you help me with my school project?

| need to find out about people's earliest memories, What are your most important childhood memories? Why do you think you have remembered them? Which recent experiences would you like to be able to recall in the future?

Write back soon!

Niki

Write your letter

7 & Write your letter to Niki

Answer all of Niki's questions

‘Userthe tips in the Prepare box

(Check your grammar and spalling

sees Write 140-190 Words

Trang 24

faint løeldlzzy get ina panic

go over and over something In your mind

have ai upset Stomach — have difficulty sleeping lose your temper / get bat-temperad

lose your appetite

3 Discuss the questions,

1 When was the last time you lost your temper?

2 Do you ever yet Into a panic about exams?

3 Have you ever had difficulty sleeping? When?

a Stress is for adults, Hot people my age

A bil of stress helps te to get things done

| know how to deal with stress, {V's not my fault thal | gal stressed, Everyone gets strassed {ror time to time It's no big deal

Read the article quickly Match the headings in

exercise 1 {0 Parts 1-5 of the article Use the

sentence(s) in bold at the end of each paragraph

to help you choose the heading that follows

Read the article again Complete the sentences

with either two oF three words

1 The article suggests that most teenagers have fewer reasons than adults

2 The author beliaves that strass |g about more

deadlines,

3 Hormones released in stressful situations can both

» Our anergy levels,

4 The article strongly racommends finding time in your dayetorday life and also to relax

§ Psychologists advise people to try and see

stressful situations.

Trang 25

c9 4] 30g35 ie for adults, nat people my age,

Which of these two tyaes of people are more stressed: a

‘obrent who hae te gu to wark to earn money to pay bills

ind Bring up\a family, ona teenager who has to-go to schaol

fondly? Surveys report thier 7526 of aclults say they fea!

Stressed oy) At least three occasions every week However,

Sn astonishing 85% of Wefagers between 14 ancl 17 say

the same thing, What's more, a third of the girls and half of

jhe hoya believe the pressure is there every single day: In

(Ne ag2 grotip, the three most frequent causes ol stress are

Sulioolwork, parents anid problems with friekds But isn't

Wis just partof life?

Vary Taw of is would Say we never get stressed But what

does stress mean te) you? Is ita piece of work you need to

‘nish farschool? Perhaps it's a class you mustn't be late tor

Wf athess Was |Ust about emaciines, we would arobably be

able ta keap Mt under control However, fer most people it's

‘bigger than this, And it can be avery big deal, But could we

getylel it from) pur lives? Do we actually want to?

Whurl wa as stressed, cuir bocly tesponcls to the danger

by releasing chésriicals called hormones They tamporarily

Merease our heart rate and boost our energy levels,

Thatisinds of years age we used this energy

to avoid getting eaten! So, in small doses,

oniitiy tind stress can motivate them Bur

constant étréiss can have the opposite

aflect, Zadina to feelings of anxiety:

At this point, hormones actually

lower our energy levels and we risk

suffering from.a whole range of health

problems, So how do we ayoid this

situation?

—p Word profile control

The instructor had to use his controls to stop the car

The reason is that these things are beyond our control, but we can control how we react to them

{almost lost control of the car

Cece eey

Mast o! us-know the basics of how to handle stress:

we should take regular exercise and gat healthily, Sleep is also important According ta some reports,

teenagers ought to get over nine hours every might!

Do you} But fighting stress needn't be boring You

must also make some time in your Schedule for jun, preferably with friencl, and also a little quiet time, relaxing by yourself Spend time around positive people, whe dan't get you down Look into volunteering —helping.other panplecan help you

foal less stressed, And i you're getting in a panic, slop what you are deing and take several deep breaths, Pause fora moment and think about all the good things in your life, So have you tried that? Is

everything (or everyene) still stressing you out?

A common belief is thal mur stress comes from all)

the things we have to-do because of other people

Howeven some psychologists believe jt's more helpful ta think of stress a5 how we react to the things that sttess Us, The reavon is that these things are beyond our control, but we can control how

we tdact lo them, 50 aitotlte7 way 4! fighting stress

is to look for the positive in situations When your

parents say you can't go away lor the weekend,

think of it as.an opportunity todo something

at home You don't have fa do something yau hate - choose something you enjoy

but don't always Nave time to do And

is that difficult homework due in next

week? You do have to do jt, yes, You can’t control it But maybe you could see it as a challenge rather than a chore,

alking, points,

L3 boy

fake adeep breath “Wey

Trang 26

GRAMMAR Modals (1): Necessify and

obligation

41 Read the examples and complete the rules with

some of the bold verbs

1 You don't have to do something you hate

2 We should take regular exercise

3 Teenagers ought to get nine hours of sleep

4 Fighting stress needn't be boring

5 | need to finish this work for school

2 © Complete the second sentence so that jt

has‘a similar meaning to the first sentance, using the word given Use between twa and five words

Ằ S4

0 [t would be a good idéa If | went to bed early tonight; SHOULD

| altoiild,.9@,f, bed early tonight

1 Glare knew that she had tobe hama hy ten, NECESSARY

Clare knéw that for herto be home by tery,

2 My tennis coach says that | must attend

additional training sessions, NEED

My-tenriis coach says that training sessions than before

3 You are under no obligation to attend the extra,

‘classes, HAVE

You attend ta extra classes

4 Durschool makes us wear a uniform, HAVE

We a uniform af shoal

3 Read the examples and complete the rules with

the bold verbs

Teenagers Maye to study

You mustn't be jate for class,

You must inake time to have fun, You can’t go oul

for obligation

6 Of for prohibition, Ðr Wher the obligatian or prohibition comes from ourselves,

or when the obligation or

prohibition comes from someone else

4 Choose the correct verbs When both answers

are possible, can you explain the difference in meaning?

1 Simon needs / must contral his temper more

2 You mustn't / don't have to use my things without asking first!

Sha told me In secret so you mustn’t/ don't have to Say a word

4 Everyone must / has to deal with stress sometimes

5 | haven't done any exercise for ages | must /

have to do some this week,

Ø,Corpus challenge

5 Complete the sentences with your own ideas

1 _Ireally should 4 Every day | have to

2 At school we clon't 5 Students mustr't

have to 6 My parents say |

3 Tomorrow | must gant

VOCABULARY Phrasal verbs; health

1 Read the examples and match the bold phrasal

yerbs to the meanings

1 You mustn't stay up so lalef

2 It's taken me weeks lo get over this flu

a Arguing with my friends really gats ne down

4 I'mtrying la cut dawn on sweet thihgs

§ We al! came down with faod poisoning in the

evening, 80 we couldn't go aul, /f | stand up very quickly, | sometimes pass out, eat or drink less or reduce something

filake someone feel unhappy gel better after an illness or an unhappy event

faint or become Unconscious

bacanie ill

# remain awake later than Usual moooo

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

the phrasal verbs in exercise 1, Then discuss the

questions

0 What kinds of things geb you dwwn,.?

1 How offen: a week do you past midnight?

2 Does it take you a long fime to arguments with good friends?

8 Da you know anyone who atthe sight of blood?

4 Have you ever An illness because you've beer oulside in the cold fortag long?

5 Would you like to -anything In your diet?

~

* `

Trang 27

ISTENING

3% 110 veu villl hear Emma talking about stress

Read the sentences carefully Then listen and

decide which sentence is true for Emma,

A | don't really sulter from stress,

B Schoolwork and tamily get me stressed the most,

B The future is my biggest cause of stress,

E Exercise is my main way of fighting stress

F (don't like haw | behave when |'m stressed,

G | followed someone's advice on a technique for

deallrig with stress

H Arguing with my brother makes me stressed

2 Now read what Emma said Find and underline the

part that tells you (he right answer

I's not a big deal, but!

do get stressed — almost

cilways over exams, The

first thing that happens

| is | lose my appetite and partly because of thet, | reckon, | get a bit

bad-tampered | da g

variety of things ta keep the stress under control

—Htalk to my parents

1 abn! whetever’s worrying me, | avoid staying

up late, | even doa bit of sport, And all these

things help, Within day I've usually got

—= =ncdl =

' ayer whatever it is, or I've moved! on to

: something else, | try not te let things get

Ine down Ìn generol- -

k

3 Read the rassons why A~D Ìn exercise 1 are true

or not true for Emma Work in pairs and decide

why E-H are not true

A Not true Emma says she does get stressed

6 Not true, Exams stress her, but she only mentions

talking to her parents,

C True, Emma says she does a variety of things to

keep the stress under control

D Not true She doesn't mention the future

4 Cin ® You will hear four more teenagers

talking For questions 2-5, choose from the

list A-H In exercise 1 what each speaker says, Use the letters only once There are three extra letters which you do not need to use,

4 ©iiz Listen to the conversation, What is Dan

going to to for Sara?

1 \ take the games for you?

2 Are you ? That'd be fantastic, thanks,

3 I'll text you when | leave here, if you

4 Thanks, but there's no

3 Cis Listen to a conversation between Dan and his mother, Answer the questions

a Who offers to help who?

b What offers are made?

¢ What does Mrs Fisher really warm Dan to do?

4 ©1113 Read the Prepare box, then listen again

Which phrases do Dan and Mrs Fisher use?

Making offers Would you like Me to ”

Latine Stall | ?

JII- you like:

Refusing offers

ts OK, | can do i myself

No don't worry, | can manage thal,

Thanks, but thare’s no need

Accepting offers Ifd be ureat if you could, Are yqu suré? That'd be fantastic, thanks

5 write down all the things you need to do this week

Which of them could someone else help with?

6 Work in pairs, Then change roles

Student A = Tell Student B about youriist

Student B Make offers lo Student A

Student A Respond to the offers appropriately

A: /'ve gat lo finish a project, get some new trainers

and gel a birthday present for my dad

8: Let me help you with your dad's birthday present

A; (td be great it you could

Take a deep breath

Trang 28

ogpillariee = leftartery = leftatrium lungs

right artery onghtatlum septum vein ventricle |

YOUR CIRCU ORY SYST

Heart structure and function Arteries, capillaries

Your heartisanatural pump thatpushes and veins

blood around your body, It has two sides’ Blood circulates through

that are divided by a thick wall called your body ina closed

the septum, Both sides are dividectinto aystem of tubes palled

two closed spaces called chambers-The Atevien aneayeinel ties

upper nh: 2 HỆ cu bi S Jower chamber is the ventricla- arteries carry blood away from the heart aha dividé into

The right TT ng 2010190116 branches of smaller tubes,

body This blood is deoxyqenated —it' ‡ a

not pies much oxygen (O,),First,ihe The smallest tubes, called

right atiam pumps the blood ta the right capillaries, are thinner than a if

ventricle Then the right ventricle pumps human hair, The walls of the |

it to the lmgs where it picks up new capillaries are go thin that ị

exygen from the siz that you breathe oxygen can pass through ly y

Whe Jolt abstumtacetned cxyoenatacd them and inte the cells -k rG /

blond from the lungs-2nd pumps itinto «of your body Your cells £ i

{lie Jef yeutticle Then theleft ventricle also release carbor dioxide 4

Plimps the blood atcundthe rest ofyour — (CQ.,) and other waste products ,

body This blood carries oxygen toallof —_into the blood Then the blood a a >,

-your botiy's other cells flows back to your heart through

the veins carrying away the

Check your pulse waste products,

* Your heart beats about 100,000 times a day, or 35 million times a year!

Check your heart rate by feeling the pulse in your wrist Use the fingers

of your other hand, Don’t use your thumb because it also has a pulse,

» Your heart isa double pump, When you check your pulse, you'll notice

two beats close together The first beat is made by the left and right

atrilim together, The second is made by the left and right ventricles,

2 How does blond move through the circulatory system? Number the

parts in order, starting with the itings

a vat ventricle a right ventricle = g atterios

b caplilarids e fight ateum h _veins carbon dioxide (CO,) a waste

„ loft atrium, { 1 lungs gas that your hody produces

3 Answer the questions with Information trom the text In exercise t,

7 What separates tie right ard left sides of the heart?

2 Which ventricle purnps out deoxygenated blood?

3 Where does your humar blaod become oxygenated?

atrlum afi Upper chamber of

the heart (plural atria)

cell the smallest living part of

your body oxygen (O,) a gas that your badly reeds to live

teleasé let something go out

4 Why can oxygen go through the walls of capillaries? Desay

5 What tubes carry waste away from the body's cells? eee 8 lower chamber of ear

6 Which beats first: the right ventricle or right atrium?

Miology Ẽ

Trang 29

T

’ 4 Read the text Match four of the sections to the pictures

Do you ‘your hea VE:

dy ‘Your heart needs protein to build new muscle Be sure (eeat healthy, proteln-rich foods, like fish, white meat, eggs, beans, nuts

and seeds Avoid eating too much red meat - it contains a lot of fat

Try to eat five servings of fruit and vegetables eyery day They contain vitamins and minerals that your heart needs to

work properly, The rest of your body will also thank you!

ft, Be careful not to overeat When you carry too fiutkvextta weight, your heart has to work harder than necessary, However, being teo thin isn’t good for you either Keep a healthy balance!

sall, Some fat builds up in your arteries and veins,

petain water, which increases your blood pressure

Your heart is a powerful

muscle, but itneeds regular exercise to stay

strong and healthy You should do at least

30 minutes of exercise a day to give your heart a

workout So get moving!

5 Read the text in exercise 4 again Then read the sentences

L ù { Give yourself a score for each sentences from 1 (= never) to

= 5 (= always) Discuss your answers with a partner

4 [feed my heart with carbohydrates and proteins

2 | have five servings of fruit and vegetables a day

3 | try to maintain a healthy, balanced body weight

4 | avoid food that has a lot of unhealthy fat or salt

5 | lead an active lifestyle by doing sport and exercise

6 Cun Listen to an interview Make notes on what Karen

eats and how much exercise she does What does the dietician say about Karen’s diet and lifestyle?

How well do you care for your heart? Write a

paragraph about your lifestyle

1 How can you improve your eating habits?

What sport do you enjoy doing? |

Do you exercise or go to a gym?

Does school cause a lot of stress for you?

Does anyone in your family smoke?

|s the air clean in your town or city?

Trang 30

REVIEW! 1 l=

Units 1-4

VOCABULARY 5 Complete the quotations with the noun form of

INTELLIGENT Salvador Dali, artist

is just connecting things, When you ask crealive peopls how they did something, they feel a little guilly because they did't really do it, they just saw something’ CREATIVE

€n official list of the most popular songs each week Sleve Jobs, inventor

write a piece of music Ân aplar te ore thing in the

world, You are all alone with your

LẠ 8 mieaeRge 01.8 Website and imagination, and that's BỊ you have

2 Correct two words in each group that are spelled CONCENTRATE

wrongly James Dean, actor

1 ambitious / arguement / jealous / tommorraw ‘| think computer Viruses should count as life |

2 confortable / especially / 1eceive / seperate think it says Something about human that

3 Ceiling / height / reciept / wiegh: the only forn of life we have created so far is

4 accomodation / necessary / oportunity / successful purely destructive’ NATURAL

Stephen Hawking, scientist

3 Complete the dialogues Use the correct form of ‘Shallow men belleve in Strong men

the pairs of words In the box belinve In cause and.effect’ LUCKY

Ralph Waldo Emerson, American writer

cast character the charts compose lyrics post

@ person represented ina film, play or story

1

2 all the actors in a film, play or show

3 the words of a song

4

5

bothered (nope cautious/do impressed / glanoe faalous /Gonpare ean / hear GRAMMAR

4 A Have you from Joe recently? 6c

No, andl | don't want to He was really to haoss the corrert verbs

me the last time | saw him

I! says Nava that the manager ts about Lady Gaga nate}

Alonso's chances of playing on Saturday has called a teenager

jo you ever ge of her’

sttess Bolt/Ôn Non sos " fashion blog, Style

No, but She never gets about anything herself and wrtot wake ee was posting pictures of

| was really by Alex’s project AI first, people na esoriptions of her clothes,

Y8, | only aLIL yeslerday, but it looked #6 te bung the Site was a fake and that

amazing few years, aie An Mại stilt up But within a

4 Choose the correct verb to complete each phrase thousands of readers arvana ky oa

1 catch / have / feel an upset stomach designers were asking Tavi for her ti) x

2 drop/ lose / forget your temper the blag grew Rookia— an online magazine a0

3 take / think / go over and over things in your mind “has been running / is running since she we i

4 lose / fee! / be your appetite The magazine is proving extremely emule K

5 have / get / feel difficully sleeping "already inspired | has sliaagiỳ nace Ae it

6 have / go! get ina panic At the age of 16, Tavi# göt Í was getting het f ee

Trang 31

7 =Complete the sentences Use the present perfect

simple or continuous, Use one verb in each pair

of sentences

{can come out now | my revision

Sorry | didn't reply to your text, |

Yau look hơi „0U 2

you ever a marathon’?

Dan to Help me with this maths for hours,

but | still con't understand jf,

b | dolliq more exercise, bul it doesn't

seem Ip help

a Clate

b Where have you bean? |

you several times today;

B Rewrite the undertined parts of the sentences

with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box and a pronoun if necessary

fevision

you all morning

LỠ,Gorpus challenge

40 Tick the two sentences without mistakes

Correct the mistakes in the other sentences

1 For a long time badminton is my favourite sport,

2 By the time we arrived there, he has disappeared,

3 |-surfalready lor @ years and | think | am quite good at It

4 (ama Very good basketball player, because | have been playing sire | was six

5 | have twa cats at home, Whan | lound them 8

months ago, they were very simall, | picked up

them and took ham fo the vet

6 We try to find a goou place to slay for a couple

of days

7 Firstot all, you musnt panic, '

8 | told her that she hadn'l (o talk about it to

| don't believe that, | think you {avented il!

mode ib up

Look at this old computer | found it in the garage

Ha lost consciousness when he saw the blood

The teacher yave me the papers and asked me to

uistiipute {her

('ve got a cold, | bagame ill with it yesterday,

My brother's elaven, | take care of him sometimes:

| don’t have any BVOs pow.! got tic of them

A haven'tgotto B don'thave to C mustn't

You be more adventurous with food Just

try things

We're on holiday next week, so | come to your party

A can't B mustt € dont have to I'm exhausted, | go to bed earlier!

A needn't B shouldnt c must Rob how if he wants to get the train

A oughttoleave B oughtleave C oughtto

leaves

| know that next week is your birthday You remind me

A don't have to B mustn't C cant

come down with

14 W Compiste the second sentenaa so that it

‘has a sinilar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Do not change the word

given You must use betwee two and five

words, including the ward given, Here is an

Jo and | a long time

3 | found it difficult to control my skis at first

KEEP

1 foundl it difficult to ooo at first

4 You must show your ticket when you enter

REQUIRED You your ticket when you

Trang 32

and check Whal extra Information do you hear?

Make notes,

1 In which decade and century Were you born? What about your parents?

2 How different would your life be without the internat? What would you have to do differently?

3 Which other inventions have had the biggest impact on you? And on society? Why?

READING

1 Read tho example answer (0) in the Hirst

paragraph of the text, Whal other word could

you use instead of if?

{its each gap Use the Ideas below to help

» Look at the Words before and after each gap

* Use only one word in each gap

» There may be more than one correct answer,

a Africa) b America ¢ Asia

| €) wnich civilisation came first?

| a Ancient Greece

b the Roman Empire

o the Kingdom of Rgypt

8 Which tribe of women from an ancient myth

gave their name to a South American river?

a the Amazons 'b the Centaurs

Ấ tà 1900, which country had the most citizens?

a Russia b India c China,

a New York b London e Tokyo

@) in which decade was television first

broadcast to the public?

How do the sleep patterns of different cultures and

differant age groups compare?

What is a'siesta’?

What is a ‘body-clock'?

2

5

4 Read the rest of the text and check your answers,

5 Complete the sentences with the highlighted

words in the text

How long da you

He was physically and

experience

| never realised, but it same school

Can't you remember to bring your own phone?

You're asking if you Gan borrow mine

I'm not tired, Let's a bit later

sleep at night?

hurt by the terrible thal we are at the

Trang 33

ines micelle

eap agally’

becomes frustrate sleep straighle gltt I0 net (3) @ panic about

things’ in you!

Sleep is something we te!

They used to take (he opportunity to visit each other

lt was the perfect time to take |! Rasy,

Maybe we should take [nie Bccount what cur

body clock is telling us

al J§Efphgft0will2ff\)

patter NS also \

Talking points v

‘Wnatis*a good night's sleep"?

What might ba the advantages.and

disadvantages of mora |Informal-sieap patterns? | What difiicultias might someone have if they

-work at night and sleepy all day?

Do yous ike tne idea of ling ina 24-7 society? ed

Past times “để

XU (| HUẾ

Trang 34

GRAMMAR Present and past habits

41 Read the examples, thon complete the rules with

the correct verb forms

31 Balween sleeps, people would lie awake and chat

2 The two-sleep habill used to be quite widespread,

3 They used to take the opportunity to visiteach other

4 My brother was always waking me up early when

| was younger

5 Jeenagers ate constantly finding excuses to slay

up lala

6 Individuals sleen whenever they feel lire,

7 I'm sleeping a lot because |'m getting aver an

iiness

past continuous present continuous (x2)

present simple used io would

We use:

a for present habits and states

b (without an adverb) for temporary

preserit habits

c ,, +always/constantly tor annoying

presan( habits,

d Jor past habils and states

e ,, for past hatits (but not past states),

+ always/canstantly for past Habits, especially lo criliise or complain,

2 Read the text and choose the correct words

ma Truy + , LỆNG,

Most people eat/ are eating three meals a

faa Inthe US and parthem Euupe: akg fh dinner, but mealies” constantly change

ae uneven ` rows and Lalin America, people litsome parts of Asta

" hava / are having

» Bul GUT eating hahits

ei wel bso tego diferent Lite pan

With ors, My harem ae by tans of orektast

and "ara alvrays tellin / ware always telling ma that it the Inost imonrtant inal of the day, Breakfast is

h facta wlatively new woneayt, Tha Ra 0

used Wary constantly! were consti

heir health, T 0ey ngựay neve

breaktast, 1)

big tiranklist balu

stil change are.sHil they ate in a rush, ang Nowadays nh Perhaps, after a

‘breakfast’ is going ta Unit s

3 write a sentence for each situation Use the

grammar ron exercise 1,

0 something {hat really annoys you

My best friend: is always Using my phone!

4 Something that you do every day

2 a habit from when you were younger

3 something that you do that annoys others

4 sornething you're doing lemporarily

5 a tact about you that was true ten years ago, but not any longer

Corpus challenge

VOCABULARY Expressing frequency

1 Complete the lists with the words and phrases in the box,

from time to time occasionally rarely rtagularly seldom

2 Read the rule about expressions of frequency

Then answer the questions

Single adverbs usually go before the main verb:

You're constantly sleeping

Phrases go al the beginning or eid of a clause

I sleep badly every onne Ina while

From time to time, ) stay up all-night

How aften do you,

4 watch historiaal tiinis?

2 argue with people?

3 sleep later than iam?

4 complain about things?

5 play gamas on your phone?

8 enter competiions?

Write six sentences about yourself, three true and three false, Use an adverb or phrase expressing frequency, Then work jn pairs Can your partner guess which are false?

lẨm constantly losing ma mabile!

| Used te go bo bed late arly once in a while

Trang 35

WRITING § An article (1)

1 What articles have you read recently, in magazines

2 Can you remember any of the titles?

3 What do you think makes an article interesting? s

2 Read the task and answer the questions

You have seen the following announcement in an

international students’ magazine:

Have YOU got a talent?

Write an article about your talent — is it a

physical talent (e.g a sport) or an ability (e.9

programming or memory)? Say how you first

noticed it, how it developed and how you would

like to develop it in the future

Send us your article and see your name in print

Write your article

1 Where is this article going to appear?

2 Whois going to read it?

3 What is the topic?

4 Do you think the article should be serious or chatty

intone?

3 Read the Prepare box Then read the article and

choose the best title

SS aa —

a Why | wanted to take up cycling Tu

b Apassion tor cycling " forget the day Ì gọt my firs 2 š

œ Tips [or eyelìhg = years old and | fall in love wi om then on, | used to cycle

Inan article: ng like the sense of freeciom

= choose an interesting title F om eyelingy 15 there? You can g9 l

» inclide-a topic sentence for each paragraph, club and saon | was i en

whith tells the reader what the paragraph Is ‘and racing against adult ders ‘

| siarted tơ win, Can you Imagine

was amazing!

ke

i couraged me to ta : Mane They think | havea

1g, Mim quite fit and competitive

° Sr inihe hours needed to do

m training avery day and \'ve already

ational competitions:

nis to wear the Team

about: |

= usé a lively, chatty style,

|» use interesting descriptive language

| « address the reader directly, for example by asking

‘questions

4 Underline the topic sentences in paragraphs a—c_

Write a topic sentence for paragraph d

5 Read the article again How does the writer

address the reader directly?

er yd ree Ta

làn oi try inthe Olympic Gane ara

6 & Look at the task in exercise 2 again

* Use the tips in the Prepare box

= Gheck your grammar and spelling

Trang 36

‘1 Match the questions to the pictures

a Do you go to school in the morning

feeling bright and cheerful?

b Are you generally an optimistic or

pessimistic person?

t Have you ever been scared while

watching a film or TV show?

d Have you ever felt furlous with

someone, but not said anything?

e What environmental problems are

you most concerned about?

2 Complete the table with the adjectives in

exercise 1

READING

1 Read Part A of the article, ignoring the gaps

Which fears are mentioned?

2 @® Read Part A of the article again and decide

which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap,

A beginning 8 birth € slat D origin

A universal B complete C shared D united Aphases stages C times D points

A develop 68 grow € expand D progress Aunique 6 rare € unlikely D small Aemerge Breveal Ccalise D find

A take B have Cc fix D keep

3 Ask and answer the questions in exercise 7

4 Cis Listen to Sara, Anmed, Emma and Dan,

How are they feeling? Choose the correct words & A up B over C into Don

and complete the sentences

2 Ahmed's bad-tempered about /anxlous about 1 Who was abandoned in a public place?

3 Emma's relieved about / over the moon sbour_ 2 Who recently had a bad experience at a friend's

4 Dan's getting depresmea / Irritated because house?

5 Emma's down #bout/ content witr not 3 Whose parents thought their fear was normal?

5 Who almost gol into trouble with the law because

5 Add the words in exercise 4 to the table in of their phobia?

exercise 2, Use a dictionaryto help you, 6 Whose phobia has made them more sociable?

6 Discuss when you last felt - 4 Match the highlighted words in the text to the

* relieved about something meanings,

= over the moon about something having your attention taken away Irom something

* fed up with someone 2 1 making you worried ar upset

* irritated by something 3 very large in amount or degroe

* anxious about something 4 stupid

5 likely lo cause death

Trang 37

it oie

becomes J9

Soma fhars, such asa fearol heights, are (1) to almost all manmnats, Other

leurs like @ fear of mice, are Specific to humans and’in thls case possibly resull fram (2) when thase rodents cafrled deadly diseases

include inonsters Or the dark, By ten, children fear events thal are reel - though

fo (4) a such as looking foolish In frant of friends, The vast majority of us are able fo (6)

olhers @ fear car! get alot control and have a significant (7)

a phobia, Wher this haswens a felar hes urnect (8)

= NYCTOPHOBIA

child, Jacob nM used 16 be terrified of the

dark, Until the ageof eight, he spent most nights in his

paiants! oor and insisted on leaving a light on-His

paratits never suspected a problem) —after all, such

fears ara common among young kids Bul Jacob has

never aot used ty sleeping inthe dark and is now 16

He sill Sleeps with a lighton, which |g fine, of course

However, Jacob's nyelephobia ean occasionally make

very(läV life difficult,

‘| was at a birthday party last Week Someone tumed

the lights out while the candles on the cake wera being

lit! Jacob says.'Even though | knew there was no

danger, | got extremely upset!

Jacab can't explain the reasons behind his phobia

However, many phoblas result from a distressing

experiance in childhood

[T3 Why do you think some people sulfer from

phoblas such as scolionophabla?

Do you think fear is a useful emotion? Why?

our fears under control, However, far

on thelr Ives,

AUTOPHOBIA

pan-y | Claudia Jannings believes that her aumphabia « the fear or being alone - comes trom

an Incident wher she was ten She and her mum were

shopping ina department store, Suddenly her mum got an urgent phone call {rom work and bacame distracted, She loft the shap quickly and simply torgot her daughter was with) her Obviously Claudia was in teats until her mum

ralurned and she’s suifered from autophobia ever since,

Although Claudia hasrit entirely got over her fear, she's now used to heraulophobia and has several strategies she Uses (0 cope with it ‘Reading or listening to music definitely help, Plus:! deliberately make lots of friends so I'm almost always with someone’

Both nyctophobla and autophobia are common But other phobias are quite unusual = and, jn some cases, possibly difficult to balleve,

SCOLIONOPHOBIA

Fsychologist Nigel Gove says scolignophobia has baen racognised since the 1960s Children who suffer from this will feel extreme anxiety about going to schaal — with symptoms such ae headaches and feeling physically sick For over three years, William Garr experianced just this, Atone point, the school threatened to take William's parents to court for keeping their child athome, When his parents demonstrated that William was studying at home, the school eventually agraed to help, Now, after a period of psychological treatment, William Is a typical 18 year old and

is about fo laave hame far university,

‘One of the worst things about that time was the fact that

my schoo! didn't belleve me, saysiWilliam "They thought!

was trying to get out of studying — when, in fact, I've always enjoyed learning:

Strong G202

Trang 38

GRAMMAR be/getused to

4 Read the examples and the rules Whal kinds of

words can follow be/get used to?

1 Although Claudla hasn't entirely got over her fear,

she's naw used to her autophobia,

2 Jacob has hever get Used to sleeping i the dark

& Weuse be/gel used ti ibout how

familiar something is tor someone

If you are used to something, you are familiar with it You have experienced it often enough for it to sear normal to you and it is no longer

strange

Il you get Used fo something, yal become

familiar with it

+ Grnrtirrzir rzÐefer\c page 153

2 Choose the correct words,

4 [eel exiausted, Int not / don't get used to staying

u so late

2 Ar firs) we found il hard, but now were / we ger

used to'speakiig Frglish in-class all (he time

3 | catrt be / gót used to that website now they've redesigned tt Il’s so canfising!

\\ ok me several days tobe / get used to the time change when we went to the US an holiday

Qur school slarls at 730 so |'ve always been / got

used to.getting up Satly,

nn being / getting used te our pew teacher, bul | Still miss oll old one,

3 Imagine a friend trom another country is coming

to live in your country What will they have to get ised to? Wrile sentences, Use the ideas below

and your avi ideas

4 Rear the axamples Which example describes a

past hatit or stale7

1 She's used to being alone now

2 / used to be terrified of spiders,

5 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using used

Use between twa and five warts

Inthe past, | was petrified nf dogs

Josie in the dark now

In the past, | was afraid of heights

lbusgui e: afraid of heights

Did Mark become accustamad to the cold weather

in Finkana?

Did Matk the cold weather in Finland?

VOCABULARY Adverbs; type and position

1) Match the examples to the types of adverbs

1 Fears frequenily inelucle monsters or the dark

He slept in his parents’ room

} was ala birthday parly last week Jacob can't explain (Ne reasons behind his phobia

However, many phobias

She left the shop quickly,

Reading or listening to music definrtely help

adverbs of lime frequency adverbs adverbs of certainty adverbs of manner adverbs Of place connecting adverbs (which link to a previous sentence)

Write the sentences with the adverbs in the

correct positions More than one answer is sometimes possible,

1 He can sing (beautifully)

2 | have been afraid of insects (never)

3 I'll get used to it (probably)

4 | had an upset stomach, | had difficulty sleeping

(as a result)

| get anxious about homework (from time to time)

!'ve been getting bad-tempered., (lately)

If we leave now, we'll be home (by nine) She left home (a few minutes.ago, definitely)

We have lunch (always, at midday) They were laughing, (loudly)

Trang 39

LISTENING

4 You will hear people talking in tive ditferent

situations, Read the questions, Underline the

key words that might help you get the correct

answers

41 You hears student talking about her dearee

‘What does she thinks about studying 7

A {i's more enjoyable than she thought It would be

B She finds (He research fascinating

It's going to be very useful for har career

2 You overhear a conversation between two {riends, Why does the boy think his parents will

be annoyed?

A Thera are a Jot of passwords on his phane

B He's missed the bus,

You heara girl leaving a voicemail message for her trend, Why is she calling?

A {o find out whata lest will cover

B to suggest doing some ravision togather

‘You overhear two {rlends talking about @ schoo!

project What does the teenager say about his

A He's feeling optimistic about its progress,

B He's concerned he's rot galing to finish it

in time

suibjeat

5 You heara father talking to his daughter on the

phone How Is he feeling now?

The thing is they're always telling me

not to put stuff down

SPEAKING favyourile things

1 110 Listen to Ahmed and Sara talking about

their best and worst days of the week Which

person is more like you?

2 Oise Who says these phrases? Listen again and write A (Ahmed) or 5 (Sara),

41 What normally happens is

2 Virtually every Monday

3 Asatulo, |

4 Nine times out of ten,

5 with the exception of

3 Oi Listen to Emma and Dan Complete the

sentences,

1 Two of Erima’s favourite subjects are

2 Emma gets on really well with the

3 Dan rarely does his homework on

4 Dan has a bit of a phobia of

4 tt Read the Prepare box, then listen again

Which phrases do Erma and Dan use?

Work in pairs Interview each other Use phrases

from the Prepare box

1 Which is your best/worst day of the week? Why?

What normally happens on this day?

2 Which is your best/worst time of the year? Why?

What generally happens at this time?

3 What's your favourite lesson at school? Why?

4 Describe a typical weekend for you

Strong emotions

Trang 40

2 $n Spain, many people think the calaur yaliow is

c) depressing a) unlucky —h) fashionable

1 Green is considered a lucky colour in

a) Ghina b) Malaysia

4 In European countries, purple is associated with

0] liealllt a) royalty b), money

ø} lIelaiÌ

a) pink a) black

nesociavedl wilh peace, Perhaps

for thet reason, blue is the world’s most popular coleur, On

the negative side, blue suggests

gold tamperatures, a8 well as low

anergy In English, for example,

poople Who are sad or dapreswed

say they ‘feel blue"

R R EF {gs the golour of

Plante, 80 it's pften associated with Life and growth In treland, poeple think {ts a lucky colour and in Japan, it Tepiesente eternal life, However,

grout also has negative meanings

an Engligh, [t's the colour of envy

‘the green-eyed monster - and people's fhods ‘turn green’ when

thay tee! glrlt

in nature, Some minerals ate

purple and there are plants with purple Howars, Hut They aren't common, In Hurape, purple has been the colour of royalty since:

ancient times, when purple dye

for clothing was tare and very oxpeneive: It wad often made from

a spouial type of shellfish

RED is the colour of blood, so

it's often associated with life, energy and strong feelings,

For example, many people's

faces turn ted When they are feeling nervous, embarrasses] or excited In English, peopie also say they ‘see red’ when they feel angry Red objects jump out at us because they appear to he cluser than thay really are

is the colour

of sunlight, so it's often asaociated with wath and happiness: It’s also the most intenge colour, which means

bright shades of yellaw can be

irritating, like too mach sunlight, Yellow is unlucky In some countries, such as Spain, while in

Inca, it’s associéted with wealth

and business,

DRANBE :-

of lively red anid cheerful yellow,

mnki8g it a bright colour that catches our attention, Ths also the colour of healthy foods, like

oranges, carrots and pumpkins, Because of its high visibility, urange is often used for warming signs and for amergency equipment, like lifejackets

BLACK ia neutral because

\t absorbs all the

colours of light 1's associated

wilh darkness and night, as well

as mystery and the unknown In

many countries, black is a serious

eolows associated with death and

sudness, but also with elegance

and authority

is the colour

BROWN š: and autumn leaves which makes

ita neutral, reassuring colour

It's also the eclovr of many foods, such as bread, wuts and chocolate

However, many people consider

brown plain and boring, especially

for clothes

Ị HE ig the colour of

often agsaciated with cleanliness

aud purity, In the US, it's the

typical colour of wedding dresses

However, white also suggests emptinoss and im some countries,

like Japan, it's linked to death and

Mourning

6A EY is the colour of foggy

days, when we can’t see

clearly, Grey is barween black and white, making it the most neutral

colour, li English, the phrase ‘grey aren! is used to degeribe things that are ambigurus,

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