Operations management by stevenson 9th student slides chapter 6

All Rights Reserved.Chapter 6 Process Selection and Facility Layout... Chapter 6: Learning Objectives • You should be able to: – Understand the strategic importance of process selection

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Chapter 6

Process Selection and Facility Layout

Chapter 6: Learning Objectives

• You should be able to:

– Understand the strategic importance of process selection – Explain the effects of process selection on the organization – Describe the basic processing types

– Discuss process automation

– Explain the need for management of technology – List some reasons for redesign of layouts

– Describe the basic layout types

– List the advantages and disadvantages of product and process layout

– Solve simple line-balancing problems – Develop simple process layouts

Process Selection

• Process selection

– Refers to the deciding on the way production of goods

or services will be organized – It has major implications for

• Capacity planning

• Layout of facilities

• Equipment

• Design of work systems

Technology

– The application of scientific discoveries to the

development and improvement of products and services and operations processes

– The discovery and development of new or improved products, services, or processes for producing or providing them

Technology Acquisition

weighed carefully

– What are the upside and downsides of the

technology?

– What can and can’t a technology do?

– Economic considerations

– Integration considerations

– Human considerations

Process Selection

1 Variety

– How much?

2 Equipment flexibility

– To what degree?

– Expected output?

Automation

– Machinery that has sensing and control devices that enable it to operate automatically

• Fixed automation

• Programmable automation

• Flexible automation

Automation Questions

1 What level of automation is appropriate?

2 How would automation affect system flexibility?

3 How can automation projects be justified?

4 How should changes be managed?

5 What are the risks of automating?

6 What are the likely effects of automating on:

– Market share

– Costs

– Quality

– Customer satisfaction

– Labor relations – Ongoing operations

Automation Technologies

• Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

– The use of computers in process control, ranging from robots to

automated quality control

• Numerically Controlled (N/C) Machines

– Machines that perform operations by following mathematical

processing instructions

• Robot

– A machine consisting of a mechanical arm, a power supply, and

a controller

Facilities Layout

– the configuration of departments, work centers, and

equipment, with particular emphasis on movement of work (customers or materials) through the system

– Facilities layout decisions arise when:

• Designing new facilities

• Re-designing existing facilities

Basic Layout Types

FMS and CIM

• FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System)

– A group of machines designed to handle intermittent processing

requirements and produce a variety of similar products

• CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing)

– A system for linking a broad range of manufacturing activities

through an integrated computer system

Designing Product Layouts: Line Balancing

• The goal of a product layout is to arrange workers or machines in the sequence that operations need to be performed

Line Balancing

– The process of assigning tasks to workstations in

such a way that the workstations have approximately equal time requirements

– Why is line balancing important?

1 It allows us to use labor and equipment more efficiently.

2 To avoid fairness issues that arise when one workstation

must work harder than another.

Designing Process Layouts

concerns the relative placement of the

departments

– A major objective in designing process layouts is to

minimize transportation cost, distance, or time