89645970 common mistakes at cae

1 a Eating habits have changed dramatically in the last decade.. b Eating habits have been changed dramatically in the last decade.. We got our exam results this week and they were much

Debra Powell

CAMBRIDGE

COMMON MISTAKES at CAE

… and how to avoid them

01 Perfect tenses: simple or continuous?

02 Perfect tenses: active or passive?

03 Give or have?

Test 1

04 How many objects does the verb need?

05 Do I use the gerund or infinitive with the verb + object?

06 Give, provide or offer?

Test 2

07 How do I use must and have to?

08 Do I put the adverb before or after a modal verb?

09 How do I use be supposed to, be expected to and be meant to?

Test 3

10 This or these?

11 How do I use amount of, number of, kinds of, etc.?

12 Which article do I use?

Test 4

13 You, your, yours, or you're?

14 Opportunity, possibility or chance?

15 Commonly confused nouns

Test 5

16 Commonly confused adjectives

17 Big, great or large?

18 When do I use a hyphen in compound words?

Test 6

19 Noun or verb?

20 How do I use negative prefixes?

21 When do I use regarding?

Test 7

22 How do I punctuate sentences with because and however?

23 How do I use because of?

28 What are some common spelling mistakes?

29 Is the spelling British or American?

30 Kids or children?

Test 10

ANSWER KEY

Perfect tenses: simple or continuous?

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair

1 a Global w e a t h e r patterns have changed fop many years

b G-lobal w e a t h e r patterns have been changing f o r many years

2 a I'd stayed a t a hotel f o r six months when I bought my house

b I'd been staying a t a hotel f o r six months when I bought my hodse

We u s e t h e s i m p l e a s p e c t of t e n s e s for a c t i o n s w h i c h w e t h i n k are:

• finished: I've done my homework, (the h o m e w o r k is finished)

• p e r m a n e n t : I've lived in England for 10 years I've worked for this company for most

of that time (I t h i n k I will r e m a i n in E n g l a n d a n d c o n t i n u e to w o r k for t h e s a m e

c o m p a n y )

We u s e t h e c o n t i n u o u s a s p e c t of t e n s e s for actions w h i c h w e t h i n k are:

• u n f i n i s h e d or i n p r o g r e s s : I've been doing my homework, (it isn't finished yet)

• t e m p o r a r y : I've been living in England for six months I've been working as an au

pair (I t h i n k I will leave E n g l a n d o n e d a y - m y j o b is t e m p o r a r y )

We u s e p a s t perfect t e n s e s to c o n n e c t t w o p a s t actions, a n d p a s t perfect c o n t i n u o u s

w h e n o n e e v e n t i n t e r r u p t s a n o t h e r :

I'd been waiting for twenty minutes when the bus arrived

T*r T h e s i m p l e or c o n t i n u o u s a s p e c t applies across t h e entire t e n s e system

3 C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s w i t h t h e correct f o r m of t h e verb i n brackets

1 I (live) h e r e all m y life a n d n e v e r w a n t to leave

2 I (attend) a b e g i n n e r ' s class in S p a n i s h for six weeks

3 We (drive) for h o u r s w h e n w e s p o t t e d t h e h o t e l

4 I (take) t h e train for a long time 1 prefer to drive

5 M r G e o r g i o u (work) for t h e c o m p a n y for t w e n t y years w h e n

Perfect tenses: active or passive?

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair

1 a Eating habits have changed dramatically in the last decade

b Eating habits have been changed dramatically in the last decade

2 a Smoking has shown to be a cause o f cancer

b Smoking has been shown t o be a cause o f cancer

We u s e active forms of perfect t e n s e s {had I has + p a s t participle} to d e s c r i b e a

situation w h i c h h a s c h a n g e d :

It's really stormy - the roof has blown off!

We u s e passive forms of perfect t e n s e s [has I had been + p a s t participle) to d e s c r i b e

s o m e t h i n g w h i c h h a p p e n e d in t h e p a s t a n d h a s a clear effect o n t h e p r e s e n t :

The effect of diet on health has been proved

We u s e active forms of perfect t e n s e s to d e s c r i b e a s i t u a t i o n w h i c h h a s c h a n g e d b y itself We u s e passive f o r m s w h e n t h e s i t u a t i o n h a s b e e n c h a n g e d b y s o m e o n e or

s o m e t h i n g in particular C o m p a r e :

Attitudes to religion have changed

His attitude to life has been changed by the accident

We u s e t h e p r e s e n t perfect for activities w h i c h h a v e a clear effect o n t h e p r e s e n t For finished activities w i t h n o c o n n e c t i o n to t h e p r e s e n t , u s e t h e p a s t s i m p l e C o m p a r e :

Last week's football match was cancelled, (we are t h i n k i n g of t h e past)

Today's football match has been cancelled, (we are t h i n k i n g of t h e p r e s e n t - m e r e is n o

m a t c h today)

3 Underline t h e m o s t suitable t e n s e

1 T h e e c o n o m i c s i t u a t i o n has improved I has been improved considerably

2 T h e light b u l b was invented I had been invented b y T h o m a s Edison

3 I had applied I applied for t h e j o b last w e e k a n d n o w I h a v e b e e n invited for interview

4 T h e h o u s e in w h i c h h e lived had left I had been left t o h i m b y h i s m o t h e r

5 Since losing his j o b his lifestyle has changed I has been changed considerably

6 It has proved I has been proved t h a t caffeine affects h e a r t r a t e a n d b l o o d p r e s s u r e

7 We have organised I have been organised a leaving p a r t y for Alex

8 H e had handed in I handed in I has handed in his n o t i c e last week

6

Give or have?

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e in e a c h pair

1 a Madonna gave an excellent performance,

b Madonna had an excellent performance

2 a Television can give a g r e a t effect on the family,

b Television can have a g r e a t effect on the family

We u s e give to f o r m collocations w i t h c e r t a i n n o u n s w i t h a n active m e a n i n g , i.e 'to

deliver':

• give a performance I speech I talk: The band gave a great performance,

• give information I advice I an example I an explanation:

He gave no explanation for his poor performance

In m o r e formal s p e e c h or writing, w e often r e p l a c e give w i t h o t h e r v e r b s :

• give I deliver a speech; give I express an opinion; give I hold a lecture:

The lecture will be held in Room 336

We u s e have w i t h c e r t a i n n o u n s to f o r m collocations w i t h t h e s e n s e of o w n e r s h i p :

• have a(n) problem I chance I opportunity I experience I career I baby

If I have a chance, I'll travel

• have an idea I impression I opinion: Do you have an opinion on hunting?

• have an advantage I effect I impact

You have the advantage, I'm afraid My comments had no effect on him

• have a meal I break I appointment I trip: I like to have a light breakfast

We u s e have, n o t spend, in c e r t a i n p h r a s e s to d o w i t h t i m e :

• have a great time I a pleasant evening She had a great time in Ibiza

3 Correct t h e s e n t e n c e s w i t h a f o r m of give or have as appropriate

1 H a v e y o u t a k e n breakfast yet?

2 We s p e n t a great t i m e at t h e party

3 M a r i a h o l d s a great party, don't y o u think?

4 T h e lectures w e r e m a d e b y a series of experts

5 T h e b o o k h a s m a d e a great i m p a c t o n p u b l i c o p i n i o n

6 I ' m tired Are w e m a k i n g a break?

7 Not everyone c a n m a k e a good career

8 If y o u d o n ' t u n d e r s t a n d , I'll s h o w y o u a n o t h e r e x a m p l e

7

5 It's i m p o r t a n t for y o u to a(n) of h o w t h e

firm is o r g a n i s e d before y o u start w o r k i n g h e r e

6 Having n o of raising children, I w o u l d n ' t

Anna: That's great! Do y o u t h i n k you'll stay there?

Mark: H a r d to say (5) (always I want) to live i n t h e Far East,

a n d lately (6) (think) a b o u t a p p l y i n g for w o r k i n H o n g

Kong

Anna: (7) Qxear) it's a great p l a c e to live Listen, there's a n e w

play s h o w i n g at t h e Art Centre (8) (see) it?

Mark: Not yet (9) (not I he) o u t m u c h since I s t a r t e d this n e w

j o b Hey, y o u a n d Sarah w e r e g o o d m a t e s (10) (ring) h e r

yet? M a y b e t h e t h r e e of u s c o u l d go together

Anna: G o o d idea Give m e y o u r n u m b e r

8

3 Read Mark's e m a i l to a colleague, Alex Use t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i n it to c o m p l e t e t h e

m i n u t e s U s e a n appropriate passive verb for e a c h gap

Hi Alex

Sorry you weren't able to make the staff meeting

Some good news! We got our exam results this

week and they were much better than last year's

- 10% more of our students got a pass By the

way, there've been a lot of complaints from

students about other students arriving late, so

we've decided that teachers should send late

arrivals to the library What do you think? Finally,

you know the party that we'd scheduled for

15 Oct - we've postponed it to the 22nd

See you soon

2 Complaints (3) by a number of students that their classes are being disturbed by other students who arrive late It (4) that students who arrive more than 10 minutes

late should be sent to the library J o work

3 The date for die mid-term party, Which (5) for 15 October, (6) to 22 October

4 In e a c h line of t h e text p u t t h e verb in brackets i n a n appropriate perfect tense

THE NEWS TODAY

Fresh outbreaks of violence (report) today in the country of

Mornavia, where rebel forces (surround) the capital city

Continued fighting (take) place throughout the day and night

The President (announce) that his government may step down

in response to the popular support which (give) to the rebel

forces, though previously he (deny) any possibility of surrender

Tensions in the country (build), but violence erupted during

the elections last year To date, the cost of the conflict (be)

high Countless lives (be) lost in the fighting and industry

in the country (virtually/ come) to a halt

5 Are t h e s e s e n t e n c e s right or w r o n g ? Correct t h o s e w h i c h are w r o n g

1 This year's t r a d e figures had been announced yesterday

2 We spent a wonderful time a t the beach yesterday

3 Look a t the weatherl It's rained all day!

4 I complained about the service and they agreed to have my money back

5 Going to w a r had an impact on the government's popularity

6 David Buckingham has announced his retirement from professional sport

7 The announcement has been made a short time a g o

9

How many objects does the verb need?

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair

1 a I'm writing t o give information and advice

b I'm writing to give y o u information and advice

2 a I regret t o inform t h a t there have been complaints a b o u t the service

b I regret t o inform y o u t h a t there have been complaints a b o u t the service

Transitive v e r b s require a n object S o m e v e r b s n e e d two objects to c o m p l e t e t h e i r

m e a n i n g , a n indirect object, w h i c h generally c o m e s first, a n d a direct object:

• send I give (someone something):

I gave him the money I owed I I've sent you an email

•fr We c a n often p u t t h e direct object [the thing) first, followed b y a p r e p o s i t i o n :

I gave the money to him II sent an email to her (not J gave to him the money 11

sent to her an email)

O t h e r verbs taking two objects are:

• assure (someone) that+ clause / assure (someone) of (something):

I assure you that we'll do everything we can to help 11 assure you of our best

intentions

• inform (someone) that + clause / inform (someone) of I about (something):

This letter is to inform you that I am not satisfied I inform you of my dissatisfaction

• tell (someone) (something) I tell (someone) that + clause / tell (someone) how I why,

etc.:

He told me a lie I He told me that he wasn't married I He told me where he lived

3 Are the s e n t e n c e s right or wrong? Correct t h o s e w h i c h are wrong

1 I give to y o u my w o r d that y o u r secret is safe

2 The firm assured Nadia o f their complete trust in her ability

3 I sent to her a message last week

4 1st me give some advice

5 Thank y o u f o r telling about y o u r stay in Japan

6 James told t o the police the truth

7 He told where he spent Friday night

8 The police informed him t h a t he wasn't a suspect

I'dlike

2 Correct t h e m i s t a k e below

10

Do I use the gerund or infinitive with the verb + object?

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair

1 a Let them know when you're arriving

b Let them t o know when you're arriving

2 a I can't stop y o u to leave if y o u w a n t t o go

b I can't stop y o u leaving if y o u w a n t to go

S o m e v e r b s n e e d a n object followed b y a n infinitive w i t h to:

• allow I authorise (someone) to do (something):

The ticket authorises Iallows you to travel for one month

• get I force I help (someone) to do (something):

I got the doctor to make a house call Poor health forced him to give up smoking

• ask I tell (someone) to do (something): Can I ask you to do something for me?

S o m e v e r b s t a k e a n infinitive w i t h o u t to:

• let I make (someone) do (something):

We can't let you leave You can't make me go

O t h e r v e r b s n e e d a n object followed b y a g e r u n d :

• stop I prevent someone (from) doing something in t h e future:

The police put up barriers to prevent people entering the house

• see I hear I watch I feel (someone) doing (something):

I watched the children playing in the park

I'm afraid

3 Underline t h e correct form

1 H o w c a n w e get t h e m change I to change I changing t h e i r m i n d s ?

2 Children are n o t allowed travel I to travel I travelling u n a c c o m p a n i e d

3 There's n o t h i n g p r e v e n t i n g y o u take I to take I taking a holiday

4 I won't let y o u make I to make I making s u c h a s t u p i d m i s t a k e

5 I'm asking y o u consider I to consider I considering t h e c o n s e q u e n c e s

6 It's i m p o s s i b l e t o m a k e s o m e o n e do I to do I doing s o m e t h i n g t h e y don't w a n t t o do

7 I c a n h e a r m u s i c play I to play I playing in t h e b a c k g r o u n d

8 I w i s h I c o u l d s t o p h e r from feel I to feel I feeling sorry for herself!

11

Give, provide or offer?

1 Tick the correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair

1 a We wish t o complain about the service given by y o u r company

b We wish t o complain abodt the service provided by y o u r company

2 a The service y o u provided did n o t match y o u r promises,

b T h e service y o u o f f e r e d did not match y o u r promises

We u s e provide:

• as a general rule, to talk a b o u t services w h i c h h a v e already h a p p e n e d :

The information you requested is provided in the brochure we sent you

• i n s t e a d of give in m o r e formal contexts:

They have promised to provide us with a friendly service, (not to give us a friendly

service)

We u s e offer:

• to talk a b o u t p o s s i b l e services w h i c h s o m e o n e m i g h t c h o o s e i n t h e future:

We can offer (you) an excellent discount (if you choose our service)

We u s e offer a n d provide w i t h two objects:

• offer (someone something) I offer (something) to (someone):

They offer people with financial problems free legal advice

They offer free legal advice to people with financial problems

• provide (someone) with (something) I provide (something) for (someone):

The hotel does not provide guests with an evening meal

The hotel does not provide an evening meal (for its guests)

clients w i t h t h e b e s t service possible

clients t h e o p t i o n of bringing a guest

12

TEST 2

1 Underline t h e m o s t appropriate word

1 T h e h o t e l gives I provides I offers e v e n i n g e n t e r t a i n m e n t for its guests

2 T h e c o m p a n y p r o m i s e s t o give I provide I offer m e a l s m a d e f r o m fresh ingredients

3 H a v e t h e y given I provided I offered y o u a d i s c o u n t if y o u sign today?

4 Would you give I provide I offer m e your t e l e p h o n e n u m b e r ?

5 Catering services aim t o give I provide I offer good food at low cost

6 They're offering I providing cash prizes t o w i n n e r s of the best competition

7 There's n o p o i n t i n further negotiation These are the best t e r m s I can give I

provide I offer

8 We are offering I providing you the c h a n c e t o b u y the complete set at half price

2 C o m p l e t e Suzanne's e m a i l b y filling i n t h e gaps w i t h a n appropriate word w h e r e

! (1) information o n t h e catering services y o u r firm offers

(2) There will b e 2 0 t o 3 0 p e o p l e a t t e n d i n g , b u t I will b e

W o u l d y o u b e able t o p r o v i d e meals (4) p e o p l e w i t h

\ special dietary requirements? (One p e r s o n w h o m a y a t t e n d is a vegetarian a n d

a n o t h e r is diabetic.) C o u l d y o u please s e n d (5) s a m p l e

m e n u s f o r h o t a n d c o l d meals a n d a price list? Finally, a friend w h o

r e c o m m e n d e d y o u r firm tells (6) t h a t y o u offer

(7) d i s c o u n t s t o larger g r o u p s a n d I a m w o n d e r i n g if y o u

w o u l d b e able t o offer (8) a reduction o n y o u r s e t rates?

13

3 Is e a c h line in t h e letter b e l o w right or wrong? Correct t h o s e w h i c h are w r o n g

S o m e t i m e s there is a w o r d m i s s i n g , a w r o n g w o r d or a w o r d w h i c h is n o t n e e d e d

\Thank;you for your letter;inquiring:about our- catering, service -v | 1

Notonly can we provide you a fall^ 2

offer to you a 10% discount on numbers over 20 if you : 3

send to us confirmation of your booking within 30 days We can t 4

also provide, dishes tomeet.speGialfdieta^requirementS'if you 5

inform in advance I e n d o s e atull price list We"will be happy : F 6

to provide'with nartherdnformatioffionrequest.:In closing, I'd: - • : 7

like to assure to you of our best intentions ; ' 8

4 Rewrite the s e c o n d s e n t e n c e , u s i n g a f o r m of t h e w o r d in brackets, s o that it m e a n s

5 Are the s e n t e n c e s right or w r o n g ? Correct t h o s e w h i c h are w r o n g

1 I could hear music playing in the background

2 My parents refused t o allow me going out on a school night

3 I could smell f o o d cook when I walked through the door

4 They don't allow their children staying up past nine o'clock

5 You haven't told w h y you've come to see me

6 I'd like t o inform y o u that I've decided not t o attend the course

7 The tour bus stopped f o r an hour t o allow passengers going to the shops

8 His health prevents him t o w o r k full time

14

How do I use must and have to?

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair

1 a You mustn't take lessons t o learn to cook

b You don't have t o take lessons to learn t o cook

2 a I must have w e a r a suit and tie in my last job

b I had to w e a r a suit and tie in my last job

All m o d a l v e r b s u s e d to express c e r t a i n t y in t h e p a s t t a k e have + p a s t participle:

You must be Ellen's sister-you look just like her (present)

You must have had a good time last night-you look terrible! (past)

T h e negative form of this u s e of must is can't do or can't have done:

You can't be certain she's guilty - what proof do you have? (present)

The party can't have been any good - they were home early, (past)

W h e n must is u s e d to express obligation, t h e p a s t f o r m is had to + infinitive:

You must see a doctor - you're obviously not well, (present)

I had to leave work early yesterday -1 was ill (past)

T h e negative forms of this u s e of must are:

• mustn't do, for n e g a t i v e obligation, a n d don't have to do, for a b s e n c e of obligation:

You mustn't play with matches - it's dangerous! (present)

You don't have to go to school today - it's a holiday, (present)

• didn't have to do for a b s e n c e of obligation:

I didn't have to wear a suit last night - it was an informal dinner, (past)

3 C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s Use a f o r m of must, have to or can't It m a y b e n e c e s s a r y to

c h a n g e t h e f o r m of t h e w o r d i n brackets

2 Correct t h e m i s t a k e below

1 T h a t w a s a n awful a c c i d e n t - y o u nt - y o u (be) v e r y frightened

(argue) a n y m o r e - it's affecting t h e children

Do I put the adverb before or after a modal verb?

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair

1 a I'm s o tired, I can hardly keep my eyes open,

b I'm s o tired I hardly can keep my eyes open

2 a They won't probably arrive on time - they never do

b They probably won't arrive on time - they never do

We usually p u t t h e s e a d v e r b s i m m e d i a t e l y after t h e m o d a l auxiliary v e r b :

• a d v e r b s of t i m e a n d frequency, e.g ever, sometimes, never, still, already, soon:

You will never learn to speak English if you don't practise

I can still see the mess you left in the kitchen

• focusing a d v e r b s , e.g also, only, even, just

I can just reach it if I stretch

• a d v e r b s of degree, e.g barely, hardly:

We could barely manage it in the time we had

We could hardly have managed it in less time

• a d v e r b s of certainty, e.g definitely, probably, possibly:

I will probably see you tonight

T h e s e a d v e r b s c o m e before a c o n t r a c t e d n e g a t i v e m o d a l :

J probably won't see you at the party 11 definitely can't meet you

Adverbs of m a n n e r e n d i n g in -ly, e.g angrily, easily, happily, c a n go after t h e m o d a l

v e r b or after all auxiliary v e r b s in a p h r a s e :

You could have easily phoned and told me where you were

You could easily have phoned and told me where you were

2 Correct t h e m i s t a k e below ^ Z T - V ^ ^ V — v — V \ ^ _ _

3 Add t h e adverb i n brackets t o t h e s e n t e n c e

1 You c a n live well w i t h very litde m o n e y , (still)

2 If you'd tried a little harder, y o u m i g h t h a v e c o m e first, (even)

3 I'd h a v e a g r e e d t o h e l p if y o u ' d a s k e d m e (liappily)

4 It's tiny You c a n s e e it close u p (only)

5 Travelling is fun, b u t it c a n b e v e r y expensive, (also)

6 I can't go o u t t o n i g h t I've t o o m u c h work, (definitely)

7 H o w c o u l d y o u go a h e a d w i t h t h e p a r t y after w h a t ' s h a p p e n e d ? (possibly)

8 You s h o u l d n ' t d r i n k a n d drive, (ever)

You

16

How do I use be supposed to, be expected to and be meant to?

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair

1 a You expected t o dress smartly f o r a wedding

b You are expected to dress smartly for a wedding

2 a Cars meant to make our lives easier

b Cars are meant t o make our lives easier

Suppose is similar in m e a n i n g t o 'think':

I suppose we should be leaving It's getting late

We u s e expect to to say w e w a n t or h o p e to d o s o m e t h i n g , a n d mean to to say w e

i n t e n d to d o s o m e t h i n g :

W e expected to arrive before 9.00, but we were late

I meant to meet you as we agreed, but I was delayed

We u s e be supposed to, be expected to a n d be meant to to d e s c r i b e s o m e t h i n g s o m e o n e

else t h i n k s w e s h o u l d / s h o u l d n ' t d o :

You're not supposed to park here

You're expected to arrive by 9.00 for the interview

W h e n talking a b o u t t h e p a s t w e u s e was I were supposed to I expected to I meant to in

p l a c e of should have done to criticise s o m e o n e ' s b e h a v i o u r :

You're late! You were supposed to be here an hour ago

You were expected to wear a suit for the meeting

We u s e was I were supposed to to say t h a t events didn't h a p p e n t h e w a y w e expected:

We were supposed to stop somewhere nice for lunch, (but w e didn't)

3 Underline t h e correct words

1 Visitors suppose I are supposed to see t h e f a m o u s L o n d o n sights

2 L u n c h should I was supposed to b e in a typical English r e s t a u r a n t , b u t it wasn't

3 I was meant/ meant to s e n d y o u a card for y o u r birthday, b u t I forgot,

4 A c c o r d i n g to t h e invitation, w h a t t i m e do we expect I are we expected-to arrive?

5 A f a m o u s a c t o r meant I was meant to o p e n this r e s t a u r a n t

6 You're n o t suppose to I supposed to w a l k o n t h e grass

7 The result wasn't w h a t it was expected I expected to be

8 We supposed I were supposed to h a v e a m e e t i n g

17

TEST 3

1 Where necessary, add am, is or are to t h e s e n t e n c e

1 All reeds meant to be inclusive in the price

2 I expected t o be home earlier, but the traffic w a s terrible

3 I meant t o bring my wallet but I f o r g o t

4 Black cats supposed to be unlucky

5 I suppose y o u think I'm mad but I really w a n t to leave my j o b

6 Technology meant t o make our lives easier

7 You expected to dress smartly for the dinner tonight

8 You supposed to exercise three times a week

2 C o m p l e t e t h e s e c o n d s e n t e n c e s o it m e a n s t h e s a m e as t h e first, u s i n g t h e w o r d s i n

brackets Use b e t w e e n three a n d six w o r d s

1 D o c t o r s r e c o m m e n d a b a l a n c e d diet, (suppose)

You eat a b a l a n c e d diet

2 It's illegal to w a l k o n t h e grass, (suppose)

3 Underline t h e correct form

1 You can't I mustn't b e c e r t a i n they're c o i n i n g t o t h e party

2 You mustn't I don't have to lie t o t h e t a x office a b o u t y o u r i n c o m e - y o u c o u l d go to

prison

3 I must have gone I had to go o u t - 1 h a d a n i m p o r t a n t m e e t i n g

4 You mustn't have I can't have m e t m y m o t h e r - s h e lives in C a n a d a

5 You mustn't I don't have to go to w o r k o n a p u b l i c holiday

6 You can't be I can't have been serious - surely y o u didn't m e a n w h a t y o u said last

night

7 You must be I must have been tired w h e n y o u arrived at t h e party

8 They must have gone out I had to go out - t h e i r car's g o n e a n d t h e lights are out

IS

4 Reorder t h e w o r d s in brackets to c o m p l e t e Alan's letter to a friend

l>ear Alex

U u s t +o let you know we're back from Barcelona What a disappointment

t h a t was!

First of all, because t h e air conditioning in t h e hotel was broken, we h a d

t o leave oar windows open The hotel was very near t h e centre a n d t h e

room w a s so noisy we (l) (sleep / hardly / could)

Not t h a t we w a n t e d t o look o u t of t h e window either - when we did we

( 2 j (only / could / see) building sites!

I have t o say t h a t t h e itinerary w a s n ' t b a d , except t h a t on our l a s t

afternoon it poured with rain I know 5un Travel (3)

(could / anticipated / hardly / have) b a d w e a t h e r , b u t they

(H) (easily / had / have / could) a contingency plan

VJe (5) (had / should / have / also) more, time a t

t h e Picasso Museum, a s t h e r e was so much t o see t h e r e Oh, a n d t h e bus t h e y provided was so cramped 1 LG) (move / could / barely) my le_gs, b u t by then I was t i r e d of complaining

Of course, I ' v e a s k e d for compensation, b u t t h e f a c t is nothing

(7) (up / make / can / ever) for t h e disappointment

of a ruined holiday T r u t h is, we (8) (should /

booked / never / have) a package holiday in t h e first place - Barcelona

is such an easy place t o _get around next time we'll j u s t _get on a plane

a n d find our own way round

ttope you're well,

Best wishes

Alan

5 Are t h e s e n t e n c e s right or w r o n g ? Correct t h o s e w h i c h are w r o n g

1 She can't have left y e t - her coat's still there

2 She must have already arrived

3 I won't see y o u a t the meeting tonight probably

4 She will admit never she w a s w r o n g

5 She probably will win the competition

6 We hardly could see the performance because w e w e r e sitting in the back row

7 We can provide samples also o f the menus f o r y o u to study

8 I would have happily helped y o u if you'd asked me

19

This or these?

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair

1 a People d o t o o little exercise this days,

b People d o t o o little exercise these days

2 a After all this advice I hope you'll come t o the right decision

b After all these advices I hope you'll come t o the right decision

We u s e these in front of plural n o u n s , e.g children, mice, people, police:

Wliere did all these people come from?

We u s e this in front of:

• singular c o u n t a b l e n o u n s :

Wliy choose this place and time?

• u n c o u n t a b l e n o u n s :

/ hope this information will be helpful

An u n c o u n t a b l e n o u n h a s n o p l u r a l form C o m m o n u n c o u n t a b l e n o u n s are: chaos,

evidence, ice, information, knowledge, lightning, literature, money, permission, pressure, success, thunder, traffic, work

We u s e this a n d these w i t h n o u n s t h a t w e t h i n k are close i n s p a c e or time, a n d that

a n d those w i t h n o u n s t h a t w e see as m o r e distant:

Can you help me? There's a problem with this softtvare

I wish you'd stop playing with that computer!

3 Are the sentences right or wrong? Where necessary correct t h e underlined expressions

1 For all these reasons, I hope y o u will consider ray proposal

2 Don't y o u think these money should g o in the bank?

3 In this changing times, w e have t o be prepared t o adapt t o new circumstances

4 Can someone tell me w h y this children aren't in school?

5 We couldn't have achieved this success without y o u r efforts

6 People are doing very little exercise this days

7 We hope t o continue these w o r k f o r many years

8 H o w did y o u come by these knowledges?

2 0

How do I use amount of, number of, kinds of, etc.?

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e in e a c h pair

1 a T h e amount o f people suffering from this disease is increasing,

b T h e number o f people suffering from this disease is increasing

2 a T h e r e are hundreds o f different s o r t o f butterflies,

b T h e r e are hundreds o f different sorts o f butterflies

We u s e number o / b e f o r e a p l u r a l c o u n t a b l e n o u n :

There are a number of problems to address

We u s e amount of or quantity o / b e f o r e a n u n c o u n t a b l e n o u n :

We have a limited amount of office equipment to sell

We u s e p l u r a l forms like kinds of, sorts of, types of

• after p l u r a l expressions like all, different, many, these a n d various:

I've taken all kinds of courses, but this was the best

• before plural n o u n s :

These sorts of opportunities don't come that often

W e u s e t h e singular f o r m kind of, sort of, type of

• w h e n w e are talking a b o u t o n e sort, t y p e or k i n d of thing:

There is a demand for this kind of job

• before u n c o u n t a b l e n o u n s :

This sort of information can be dangerous in the wrong hands

3 Underline t h e correct w o r d s

1 Don't forget to t a k e a small amount I number of c o i n s w i t h you

2 It's n o t safe to c a r r y a large amount I number of c a s h w i t h y o u

3 This kind I kinds of h i g h - p a y i n g j o b is difficult to find

4 T h e r e w e r e all sort I sorts of articles a n d b o o k s for sale

5 A large amount I number of s t u d e n t s t o o k p a r t in t h e d e m o n s t r a t i o n

6 T h e r e are p l a n s t o i n c r e a s e t h e amount I number of low-cost a c c o m m o d a t i o n

available

7 O u r club n e e d s m o r e of this type I types of event

8 T h a n k s , b u t I don't n e e d t h a t sort I sorts of advice

1 fiijcn

2 1

Which article do I use?

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e in e a c h pair

1 a T h e room they booked w a s a t five-star hotel,

b T h e room they b o o k e d w a s a t a five-star hotel

2 a The room w a s on a fourth floor and there w a s no lift

b The room w a s on the fourth floor and there w a s no lift

We u s e the:

• w h e n t h e identity of t h e p e r s o n or t h i n g is k n o w n to b o t h t h e s p e a k e r a n d listener:

The college canteen serves reasonably priced food

• t h e r e c a n b e only o n e of t h e p e r s o n or t h i n g referred t o :

We're studying Japan in the sixth century

• in front of superlative adjectives:

Giving money isn't always the best way to help people

• w i t h c o u n t a b l e or u n c o u n t a b l e n o u n s :

The report explains the current situation It provided us with the correct information

We u s e a I an:

• in front of singular c o u n t a b l e n o u n s :

We're looking for someone with an outgoing personality

•& In front of u n c o u n t a b l e n o u n s , w e u s e some:

He gave me some good advice, (not a good advice)

• w i t h expressions like a bit I few I little, a great time, a high standard, a certain way:

Wlien she looks at me in a certain way, I know she's upset

3 Insert a n appropriate article i n e a c h s e n t e n c e

1 Take the lift Our apartment is on fourth floor

2 We have automatic washing machine a t home

3 Our company has achieved best results ever this year

4 I'll give y o u exact date when I know w h a t it is

5 Only bride's close friends w e r e invited

6 Confirm arrival time and gate b e f o r e y o u leave home

7 I called this meeting because I have few suggestions t o make

8 We've come t o expect high standard o f service

2 Correct t h e m i s t a k e below

I t h i n k

22

TEST 4

1 Underline t h e correct w o r d s

1 I h o p e y o u c a n follow this I these i n s t r u c t i o n s

2 W i t h o u t y o u r work, w e couldn't achieve this I these success

3 W o u l d y o u p u t this I that cat d o w n ? It's filthy

4 We all w a n t to solve this I these p r o b l e m s

5 Charities are d e s i g n e d to h e l p these I those p e o p l e t h a t are suffering

6 We'll c o n t i n u e this I these w o r k until it's finished

7 Look at that! H a v e y o u s e e n these I those stains o n t h e carpet?

8 W h o left this I these stuff here?

2 Are the s e n t e n c e s right or wrong? Correct t h o s e w h i c h are w r o n g

1 A large amount o f people in the w o r l d still suffer from hunger

2 Our firm arranges different type o f sporting events

3 We have a large number o f office equipments f o r sale

4 What s o r t o f j o b s have y o u done?

5 I've done many different types o f w o r k

6 Perhaps y o u should consider other kind o f accommodation?

7 What kinds o f information are y o u looking for?

8 He spends a large amount o f money on entertainment

3 Is e a c h line i n t h e extract b e l o w right or w r o n g ? Correct t h o s e w h i c h are wrong

S o m e t i m e s there is a w o r d m i s s i n g , a w r o n g word, or a w o r d w h i c h is n o t n e e d e d

last week I went shopping for the electronic jadjets and it's ;• 1

amazing whatyon can spend _ycM.r money 6h.td.is days, There J 2

were all kind of electronic equipment for sale, everything from I 3

an electronic cube which will forecast the weather to a solar 4

powered briefcase which will charge electronic etju.ipm.eht inside ' 5

the case However, a^adget I liked the best was the walking desk, ( - 6

which has the treadmill and exercise bikeinstalled-underneath. I 7

They sag an office workeriike me could walk four to five miles i 8

in an average work dajj Imagine that!

2 3

Complete t h e extract b y writing a, an

word is n e e d e d or the i n t h e s p a c e provided S o m e t i m e s

What's ( 1 ) weather doing? We d o n ' t have to watch

( 2 ) weather report to find out- all we n e e d to do Is

look a t o u r weather c u b e s Currently ( 3 ) m o s t popular

g a d g e t In Japan, ( 4 ) battery-powered device Is

( 5 ) four-Inch c u b e which can predict ( 6 )

weather up to e i g h t hours In advance ( 7 ) c u b e gives

( 8 ) 1 2 - to 2 4 - hour forecast via easy-to-read s y m b o l s

- clouds, rain, s u n - displayed on ( 9 ) LCD s c r e e n

( 1 0 ) device can predict ( 1 1 ) rain, features

( 1 2 ) snow possibility alarm, and will e v e n display

sunrise and s u n s e t t i m e s in cities around ( 1 3 ) world Would you go on ( 1 4 ) picnic w i t h o u t one?

( 1 5 ) weather c u b e Is ( 1 6 ) essential travel accessory

2 4

You, your, yours, or you're?

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e in e a c h pair

1 a I'm sure y o u r going t o be pleased,

b I'm sure you're going t o be pleased

2 a Our monthly repayment plan can save y o u money

b Our monthly repayment plan can save you're money

We u s e you in p l a c e of a n o u n You refers to t h e p e r s o n or p e o p l e b e i n g a d d r e s s e d :

I wish you all the best

Yours faithfidly I Yours sincerely I Yours

You're is a c o n t r a c t e d f o r m a n d m e a n s 'you are':

You're always the last to leave a party!

Opportunity, possibility or chance?

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e in e a c h pair

1 a The j o b gave me the possibility to travel t o Scotland,

b T h e j o b gave me the opportunity t o travel t o Scotland

2 a When y o u have the opportunity, ask y o u r father f o r his advice,

b When y o u have the occasion, ask y o u r father f o r his advice

We u s e opportunity for a situation in w h i c h it's possible to d o s o m e t h i n g y o u w a n t to do:

J have the opportunity to study abroad I of going to College

Collocations are the earliest (first) opportunity, equal opportunity, a unique opportunity,

ii An occasion is a particular rime w h e n s o m e t h i n g h a p p e n s :

A birthday is a special occasion

We u s e a possibility for s o m e t h i n g t h a t m i g h t or m i g h t n o t h a p p e n :

There's a possibility of rain tonight I that it will rain tonight

T h e m e a n i n g of chance c a n overlap w i t h t h e m e a n i n g s of possibility a n d opportunity,

b u t chance m a y b e u s e d less formally:

/ know we're late, but is there any chance (possibility) of catching the train?

This is your chance (opportunity) to do what you've always wanted

Collocations are a slim I slight I faint chance, a second chance:

I know I disappointed you, but please give me a second chance

•fr We u s e have a chance b u t n o t have a possibility, a n d grab or seize an opportunity,

b u t n o t grab a chance

3 Underline t h e correct words

1 We w a n t t o i m p r o v e o u r chances I opportunities of w i n n i n g future c o n t r a c t s

2 Everyone h e r e h a s t h e chance I possibility to learn a s e c o n d l a n g u a g e

3 Everyone s h o u l d h a v e e q u a l opportunities I possibilities in e d u c a t i o n

4 T h e r e w a s n o opportunity I possibility for h i m to b e e n t e r e d for t h e e x a m

5 T h e r e is a(n) opportunity I possibility it will s n o w t o n i g h t

6 T h a n k y o u for this occasion I opportunity to b r o a d e n m y k n o w l e d g e

7 N u r s i n g gives o n e t h e chance I possibility to h e l p o t h e r s

8 Going to a p a r t y is a great occasion I opportunity to m e e t n e w p e o p l e

Thanks for giving me a second opportunity I won't disappoint you

2 6

Commonly confused nouns

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair

1 a We'd like t o invite y o u t o our next event which will be held in May

b We'd like t o invite y o u t o our next activity, which will be held in May

2 a Keeping fit is an important activity in the local area,

b Keeping fit is an important event in the local area

Activity or event!

A n activity is s o m e t h i n g o r g a n i s e d for p e o p l e to take p a r t in, e.g a sport:

The centre offers special activities for children, including games and sports

An event is s o m e t h i n g o r g a n i s e d w h i c h p e o p l e a t t e n d , u s u a l l y a social gathering:

The social event was a disaster - nobody came!

T h e s e w o r d s are s o m e t i m e s c o n f u s e d w i t h activity or event

• a n action is t h e p r o c e s s of d o i n g s o m e t h i n g or a physical m o v e m e n t :

He mimed the actions without saying a word

• a happening is a n incident w h i c h m a y b e difficult to explain, e.g a strange happening

• a meetingis a n e v e n t w h e n p e o p l e c o m e together, often to discuss b u s i n e s s

• a n organisation is a g r o u p of p e o p l e w h o w o r k t o g e t h e r for a c o m m o n p u r p o s e :

The organisation holds monthly meetings

• a programme is a p l a n n e d series of activities or events:

The school offers a programme of social events, including concerts and parties

3 U n d e r l i n e t h e correct w o r d s

1 In m y o p i n i o n , t h e happening! eventwas a big success

2 G y m n a s t i c s is a p o p u l a r s p o r t s activity I event at m y school

3 Everyone is invited to t h e n e x t activity I event

4 A meeting! event was h e l d to discuss t h e club's finances

5 T h e s p o r t s organisation I event w a s well a t t e n d e d

6 T h e organisation I event is p r o u d of t h e results

7 T h e c e n t r e a r r a n g e d a d a y of activities I programmes for older p e o p l e

8 We've o r g a n i s e d a(n) event I activity I programme of e v e n t s w i t h activities to a p p e a l

t o different p e o p l e

27

TEST 5

1 Are the s e n t e n c e s right or w r o n g ? Correct t h o s e w h i c h are w r o n g

1 Thank y o d for this occasion t o speak t o y o d tonight

2 Do men and women in y o d r codntpy have eqdal possibilities?

3 He w a s given a second possibility to p r o v e he codld d o the j o b

4 I wodld like a j o b where there are chances f o r promotion

5 Training possibilities are available f o r all members o f staff

6 Ml participants have the same possibility o f winning

7 He has a slim possibility o f sdcceeding if he applies himself

8 Don't miss this dniqpe opportunity to see Picasso's later w o r k

2 Fill in t h e gaps w i t h a n appropriate word U s e you, your, yours or you're

1 I'm sure going to b e p l e a s e d

2 I'd like to h e a r side of t h e story

3 Complete t h e extract w i t h a f o r m of activity, event, programme, or meeting

This season's coming (1) include the Winter Street Festival, promising a packed (2) of street theatre, music and dance Another not-to-be-missed annual winter (3) is the Historic

includes races, road rallies and Motor Sports Show The (4)

speed events A reminder for those 18-80s whose spare-time

(5) range from bowling to ballroom dancing - the Social Club meets monthly on the first Tuesday of the month, 8.30 at the Rose and Crown The December (6) was very festive The Club offers sport and social (7) suitable for people of all ages Finally, if you have a forthcoming (8) _ _ which you would like to advertise, contact me on 01832-358217

2 8

Circle t h e correct w o r d for e a c h s p a c e a n d c o m p l e t e t h e text

CV

T i p s f o r i m p r o v i n g (1) c a r e e r

Here are seven ways t o e n s u r e (2)

ready t o make t h e most of c a r e e r (3)

1 Find a c a r e e r m e n t o r - s o m e o n e t o discuss

(4) hopes and dreams with

2 Understand w h a t motivates (5) and

be t r u e t o yourself Make career decisions for yourself

-t h e only career (6) can really

influence is (7)

3 Be positive If t h e boss notices, this will improve your

(8) of promotion

4 Grab any (9) t o network, no m a t t e r

how tired (10) feeling Social

(11) can be a great place t o g e t

yourself noticed

5 Update (12) CV - and if

(13) don't have an electronic

version, get one

6 Get noticed, loin a public or charitable

(14); and a t t e n d meetings regularly

7 Remember health and family Take p a r t in an

(15) like t e n n i s or swimming t h a t

will keep you fit (16) expand

when you are happy and healthy

y o u r

y o u r activity activity

y o u re

p r o g r a m m e s you're you're

p r o g r a m m e

p r o g r a m m e

Commonly confused adjectives

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair

1 a There are Free s p o r t activities available t o members,

b There are free sports activities available t o members

2 a They have a varied range o f healthy f o o d s on offer,

b They have a variety range o f healthy f o o d s on offer

Sports, sporting o r sport?

We c a n u s e sports a n d sporting as adjectives Sport is a n o u n :

Welcome to the school sports day There are a number of sporting events

Wliat's your favourite sport? Do you play any sports?

C o m m o n collocations w i t h sports are sports centre, sports club, sports day, sports

competition, sports equipment, sports programme, sports teacher

Open or opened?

We c a n u s e open as a n adjective Opened is a v e r b :

We're open for business around the clock The shop opened an hour ago

Varied or variety?

We c a n u s e -ing or -erf participles as adjectives:

We offer a varied choice dishes, (adj) A variety of dishes is available, (n)

People are concerned about the environment, (adj) The environment is a concern, (n)

Wlien are you taking your driving test? (adj) Wouldyou like to go for a drive? (n)

O t h e r forms w h i c h are confused are:

cultural (adj) / culture (n), dramatic (adj) / dramatically (adv), true (adj)/ truth (n)

3 Are t h e u n d e r l i n e d w o r d s right or w r o n g ? Correct t h o s e w h i c h are w r o n g

1 I'm concern about the t r a n s p o r t strike

2 Have y o u g o t a driving licence?

3 Everything w e advertise is truth

4 I have been opened a b o u t h o w I feel

5 We organise s p o r t events every month

6 Life can take dramaticallu turns when y o u least expect it

7 You should eat a varied o f f o o d s daily

8 Hollywood has increased the culture influence o f America

2 Correct t h e m i s t a k e below

We're

3 0

Big, great or iarge?

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair

1 a We think our w o r k here is o f big importance

b We think our w o r k here is o f g r e a t importance

2 a T h e choice o f h o t meals is t o o little,

b T h e choice o f hot meals is t o o limited

Adjectives m e a n i n g big are u s e d in t h e s e expressions:

• great fun, of great importance, a great pleasure, a great success, a great variety

• a high level of something, high prices, a high standard (of living), high wages

• a large amount I number I quantity of something

• a wide choice I range I variety of something

Adjectives m e a n i n g little are u s e d in t h e s e expressions:

• a limited choice of something, a limited I narrow range of something

• a small amount I number I quantity of something, a small business I firm

• a short break, a short holiday, a short time

• a low level of something, low pay I prices, a low standard (of living), low wages

Also: a minor problem, a light rain I shower

Adjectives m e a n i n g good, bad or wrong are u s e d i n t h e s e expressions:

• poor pay I wages, poor quality

• inadequate I insufficient leg room or space

• false I inaccurate information I figures I statement

Also: a bad habit, a positive response, a severe I serious illness

2 Correct t h e m i s t a k e below ^ ^ ^ ^ V ^ V — v - — * - ^ v — W e ' r e a little

3 C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s w i t h a n adjective m e a n i n g big, little, good, or wrong

When do I use a hyphen in compound words?

1 Tick t h e correct s e n t e n c e i n e a c h pair

1 a The view from here is breath-taking,

b The view from here is breathtaking

2 a The newspaper is well known f o r its balanced coverage,

b T h e newspaper is well-known f o r its balanced coverage

We usually write c o m p o u n d adjectives w i t h a h y p h e n :

above-mentioned, air-conditioned, all-inclusive, brand-new, English-speaking, going, (five)-year-old, fidl-time, grown-up, living-room, middle-aged, middle-class, never-ending, self-centred, so-called, three-storey, top-class, well-known, well-paid

easy-S o m e c o m p o u n d adjectives c a n b e w r i t t e n as t w o w o r d s w h e n u s e d after the n o u n :

It's a top-class restaurant The restaurant is top class

Anthony's a well-known actor Anthony's well known as an actor

T h e s e c o m p o u n d w o r d s are usually w r i t t e n as o n e w o r d :

breathtaking, hairdresser, lifestyle, lunchtime, worldwide:

Football is a worldwide sport Can you have this finished by lunchtime'?

T h e s e c o m p o u n d n o u n s are w r i t t e n as t w o w o r d s : air conditioning, free time W h e n

tiiey are u s e d as adjectives t h e y are h y p h e n a t e d :

Wliat do you do in your free time?

She had to reduce her free-time activities when she started her new job

~& If y o u are i n d o u b t a b o u t w h e t h e r a c o m p o u n d s h o u l d b e o n e w o r d , t w o w o r d s or

h y p h e n a t e d , it is a g o o d i d e a to c o n s u l t a dictionary

3 Are t h e s e n t e n c e s right or wrong? Correct t h o s e w h i c h are w r o n g

1 The English language is spoken w o r l d wide

2 T h e air-conditioning is t o o cold Would y o u turn it down?

3 She goes t o the hair dresser once a week

4 Moving to the country w a s a big life style change

5 Could y o u make a note o f the above-mentioned point?

6 Where are my so called friends when I need them?

7 In my free-time I w a t c h television to relax

8 The air-conditioning unit has broken d o w n

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TEST 6

1 Are t h e s e n t e n c e s right or w r o n g ? Correct t h o s e w h i c h are w r o n g

1 His w o r k as a medical researcher is o f big importance

2 In ray country w e eat a big quantity o f pasta and b r e a d

3 T h e choice o f dishes is little and the prices are high

4 T h e pay f o r teachers and nurses in Britain is quite little

5 T h e event w a s a g o o d success and will doubtless take place again next yean

6 It's difficult t o change w r o n g habits once they are formed

7 I've decided t o take a short holiday with my family

8 T h e article wasn't carefully researched and contained w r o n g information

2 Fill i n t h e gaps w i t h a suitable f o r m of t h e w o r d s i n t h e box U s e o n e w o r d twice,

j culture c o n c e r n dramatic o p e n truth sport vary |

1 His w o r k i m p r o v e d w h e n h e h e a r d a b o u t h i s p a y rise

2 We're for b u s i n e s s virtually r o u n d t h e clock

3 H a v e y o u b e e n to t h e n e w c e n t r e yet? T h e y h a v e a n Olympic sized p o o l

4 A m e r i c a h a s h a d a h u g e c o m m e r c i a l a n d influence o n t h e world

5 P e o p l e are increasingly a b o u t a d o p t i n g a h e a l t h y lifestyle

6 T h e n e w r e s t a u r a n t h a s h e a l t h y food, a m e n u a n d friendly staff

7 Your a d v e r t i s e m e n t s o u n d s t o o g o o d to b e

8 Football is a p o p u l a r w i t h p e o p l e of all ages

3 Underline t h e correct form

1 H e r latest CD i n c l u d e s brand new I brand-new s o n g s a n d r e c e n t hits

2 She h a s t h r e e c h i l d r e n b u t they're all grown up I grown-up

3 I'm v e r y easy going I easy-going a n d I love p e o p l e

4 He's well known I well-known for his love of fine art

5 T h e v i e w of t h e valley from o u r h o t e l r o o m w a s breathtaking I breath-taking

6 T h e club is p o p u l a r w i t h middle aged I middle-aged a n d older p e o p l e

7 Have y o u ever lived in a n English speaking I English-speaking country?

8 I don't h a v e a lot of free time /free-time, b u t I enjoy w h a t I h a v e

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