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PC PC PARADIGM SHIFT Mainframe as corporate super-server Departmental servers Distributed computing on multivendor systems delivering transparent interoperability PARADIGM SHIFT 3270 3

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Chapter 1: Introduction to Client/Server IS

❚ LAN Software Components

❚ LAN Connectivity

❚ Client/Server IS (C/S IS)

❚ Effective Analysis, Design and Implement of C/S IS

❚ C/S Connectivity and Compatibility

❚ C/S Analysis - business oriented

❚ Paradigm Shift

❚ Logical Architecture of C/S

❚ Physical Architecture of C/S

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Local Area Network

single organization (not subject to FCC

regulations)

lower error rates

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LAN Hardware Components

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LAN Software Components

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LAN Connectivity

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Client/Server Information Systems

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❚ Reduced Costs - downsizing

❚ Support business environmental changes

❚ Improved Information Accessbility

❚ Faster/Better Information

❚ Open Architecture - Compatibility Issues

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Effective Analysis, Design, & Implmentation of C/S(1): Top-Down Approach

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Top-Down Approach:

process & opportunities

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Top-Down Approach: Effective Analysis, Design, & Implmentation of C/S(2)

❚ Data

❙ identifying data collection and distribution

❙ data modeling

❚ Network

❙ network analysis & design

❙ physical location data

❙ data characteristics & compatabilities

❙ data transfer

❚ Technology

❙ technology analysis

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Client/Server Connectivity and Compatibilities Issues

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Business-Oriented Client/Server Analysis

❙ database partition & allocation

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Paradigm Shift

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Mainframe Front-end

processor

Cluster controller

SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE Host-based development and operations.

PEOPLE ARCHITECTURE Centralized MIS departments Specialization in

Application development Systems analysis Systems programming SNA network support

Centralized MIS departments Development of departmental PC expertise Beginning of debate,

"Whose information is this?" MIS department's?

User department's?

Dawn of the empowered user

Cross-functional, department-based applications development MIS personnel in

consultative roles Changing role of centralized MIS department

Simultaneous development and operation

of departmental LANs.

PC PC

PARADIGM SHIFT

Mainframe as corporate super-server

Departmental servers

Distributed computing on multivendor

systems delivering transparent

interoperability

PARADIGM SHIFT

3270 3270

Enterprise Network

Mainframe Front-end

processor

Cluster controller

Host-based development and operations.

3270 3270

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People Architecture

application development

department

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Database Logic Interfaces to DBMS

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Server Only

Host-Based Presentation

(Remote Presentation, Dumb Terminals)

Host-Based Processing

Host-Based Data Management

(Remote Data Management)

Distributed Presentation

(Cooperative Presentation)

Distributed Computing

(Cooperative Computing, Cooperative Processing)

Database Distribution (Distributed Data

Management, Distributed Database)

Client-Based Processing

Executing Platforms

Client-Based Data Management

(Local Data Management)

Client-Based Presentation

(Client GUI, Local Presentation, GUI Veneer)

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Characteristics of C/S IS

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GOLDMAN: CSIS

FIG 01-13

Host-Based Processing

Host-Based Data Management Host-Based Processing

Category of Client/Server Information Systems

Host-Based Data Management

Category of Client/Server Information Systems Data Management

Figure 1-13 Presentation + Processing + Data Management = Logical Client/Server Architecture

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Transparency: Clients and servers cooperatively share processing load without

regard for operating system or protocol differences.

Enterprise Network

Scalability: Additional clients are added to system with little or no effect on

processing load owing to incremental processing power added by each client.

Processing Processing

Processing

Transparency Middleware

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GOLDMAN: CSIS

Transparency: Clients and servers cooperatively share processing load without

regard for operating system or protocol differences.

VAX AS/400 RS/6000 Netware Mainframe UNIX

Mac UNIX Windows

Scalability: Additional clients are added to system with little or no effect on

processing load owing to incremental processing power added by each client.

DOS OS/2 Original Clients Additional Clients

Processing

DOS OS/2

Mac UNIX Windows DOS OS/2

Processing

Transparency Middleware

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BACK ENDS or ENGINES FRONT-END

Interprocess Communication

Client

Process

Server Process

Interprocess Communication

Figure 1-16 Distributed Processing Requires Interprocess Communications

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❚ Database Distribution

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GOLDMAN: CSIS

FIG: 01-17

Front-end tools Database connectivity software

Distributed DBMS

Database connectivity software

Distributed DBMS

Database connectivity software Distributed

DBMS

Database Transparency

Universal Data Access System

Single

Solution

Gateway

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Distributed Data Management

Client-Based Presentation

Local TP monitors ensure integrity of local transaction postings

Distributed TP monitor ensures integrity of overall distributed postings

Distributed TP monitor and local TP monitor communicate via DTP API.

Application

Data Management

All software installed on

same system.

Logical Model of Distributed Transaction Processing Monitor Logical Model of Local or

Nondistributed Transaction

Processing Monitor

DTP API

Distributed Processing

Distributed Data Management

Figure 1-19 Local versus Distributed Transaction Process Monitoring

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Enterprise networks Distributed network management

To be determined by physical client-server design

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Physical/Technology Architecture

Mainframe/Terminal Architecture

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Presentation of data to user

Data retrieval Data storage Transport of data requests Transport of actual data

Client/Server

Mainframe Front-end

processor

Cluster controller

Figure 1-21b Client/Server versus Mainframe-Terminal Architectures

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Formatting of data for

Presentation of data to user

Data retrieval Data storage Transport of data requests Transport of actual data

Client/Server

Mainframe Front-end

processor

Cluster controller

Figure 1-21a Client/Server versus Mainframe-Terminal Architectures

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Minicomputer configuration

Mainframe configuration Ethernet LAN

Internet Services

router

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Two Tierd vs Three-Tiered CS Architecture

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Business Logic

Presentation

Business Logic Database Logic

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