Keidanren''''s Activities on Global Warming Issues tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận án, đồ án, bài tập lớn về...
Trang 1Keidanren's Activities
on Global Warming Issues
Yoshihito IWAMA
Keidanren October, 2012
What is Keidanren ?
A comprehensive economic organization in Japan
1,285 major companies, 127 industrial associations, and 47 regional economic organizations(as of March 29, 2012)
Keidanren's mission is to accelerate growth of Japan's and world economy and
to strengthen the corporations to create value to transform Japanese economy into one that is sustainable and driven by the private sector, by encouraging the idea of individuals and local communities.
Regional partner of World Business Council for Sustainable Development
(WBCSD)
Keidanren (Japan Business Federation)
1
1 Develop and provide socially beneficial and safe goods and services that give satisfaction to consumers and customers.
2 Engage in fair, transparent and free competition and ensure that transactions are appropriate Also, maintain a sound and proper relationship with political bodies and government agencies.
3 In addition to communicating with shareholders, interact extensively with the public, and disclose corporate information actively and fairly Also, protect and properly manage personal and customer data and other types of information.
4 Respect diversity, character and personality of employees and ensure a safe and comfortable working environment,
thereby providing a sense of comfort and richness.
5 Proactively initiate measures in acknowledgment of environmental issues, the common challenges they pose to humanity and their importance to its existence and livelihood.
5.1 Promote efforts to build a low-carbon society on a global scale
5.2 Promote efforts to build a material-cycle society.
5.3 Take measures against environmental risks.
5.4 Promote efforts to conserve biodiversity and sustainable utilization of resources.
6 Actively engage in community involvement activities including philanthropy as a "good corporate citizen."
7 Resolutely confront antisocial forces and organizations that pose a threat to the order and security of civil society and sever all relations with such individuals and groups.
8 In line with the globalization of business activities, comply with laws and regulations of the countries and regions where its business operations are based and respect human rights and other international norms of behavior Also, conduct business by taking into consideration the local culture and customs as well as the interests of stakeholders, and
contribute toward the development of the local economy and society.
9 Top management recognizes that it is its role to realize the spirit of this Charter and takes the lead in an exemplary
manner to implement the Charter within the corporation and its entire corporate group, while encouraging its business counterparts to follow the same example Furthermore, it should always try to keep abreast of what people inside and outside the corporation say and set up an effective mechanism throughout the corporation to implement the Charter.
10 In case the Charter is violated, top management should clarify both internally and externally that it will take charge to resolve the situation, determine the cause of infringement and make efforts to prevent similar violations in the future At the same time, top management should promptly make full public disclosure, explain what has occurred, and, upon determining the source of competence and responsibility, impose strict disciplinary action against those held responsible, including top management itself.
Keidanren 's Charter of Corporate Behavior For Gaining Public Trust and Rapport
Trang 2Keidanren Global Environment Charter April 23, 1991
*XLGHOLQHVIRUFRUSRUDWHDFWLRQ
䠍䠊 General management policies
(1) to protect the global environment and improve the local living environment,
(2) to take care to protect ecosystems and conserve resources,
(3) to ensure the environmental soundness of products
(4) to protect the health and safety of employees and citizens.
䠎䠊Establishing corporate organization
䠏䠊 Concern for the environment : research, design, manufacturing, production, distribution, appropriate use, and
disposal
䠐䠊 Technology development
䠑䠊 Technology transfers
䠒䠊 Emergency measures
䠓䠊 Public relations and education
䠔䠊 Community relations
䠕䠊 Overseas operations
10 䠊 Contribution to public policies
11 䠊 Response to global problems
Basic philosophy
A company's existence is closely bound up with the global environment as well as with the community it is based in Each company must aim at being a good global corporate citizen, recognizing that grappling with
environmental problems is essential to its own existence and its activities
http://www.keidanren.or.jp/japanese/profile/pro002/p02001.html
3
Environment Report Disclosure
Voluntary Action Plan Reduce Reuse Recycle
Cooperation with
employees,
govern-ment, consumers
Movement
Voluntary Action Plan Commitment to a Low Carbon Society
CO2 Emission Reduction
International
WBCSD
World Business council for
Sustainable Development
䠞䠥䠝䠟
䠥䠟䠟
IUCN
Conservation of Nature & Bio-Diversity
Committee on Nature Conservation Supporting NGO through Nature Conservation Fund
Declaration on Nature Conservation Declaration on Biodiversity
Keidanren Global Environment Charter
April 23, 1991
4
Keidanren Environment Initiatives
April 1991 Keidanren Global Environment Charter
¾ Each company must aim at being a good global corporate citizen, recognising that grappling with environmental problems is essential to its own existence and its activities.
July 1996 Keidanren Appeal on Environment
¾ We will take a voluntary, resolute and responsible approach in dealing with important tasks existing in the environmental field.
June, 1997 Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan on the Environment
¾Global Warming Measures
¾Waste Disposal Measures/the Establishment of a
Sound Material-cycle Society
The progress of the Action Plans is reviewed annually.
The History of Keidanren Voluntary Action
Plan on the Environment
䠆December 1997 Adopted Kyoto Protocol @ COP3
Trang 31,828
1,013
942 903 886
890 661 612
624
642
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
1990 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2015
㼀㼔㼑㻌㻝㼟㼠㻌㼠㼍㼞㼓㼑㼠 㻔㻣㻡㻑 㼙㼕㼚㼡㼟㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㻝㻥㻥㻜㻕
㼀㼔㼑㻌㻞㼚㼐㻌㼠㼍㼞㼓㼑㼠 㻔㻤㻢㻑 㼙㼕㼚㼡㼟㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㻝㻥㻥㻜㻕
㼀㼔㼑㻌㼚㼑㼣㻌㼠㼍㼞㼓㼑㼠 㻔㻢㻡㻑㻌㼙㼕㼚㼡㼟㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㻞㻜㻜㻜㻕
㻔䕦㻢㻥㻚㻜㻑䠅
㻔䕦㻤㻞㻚㻤㻑䠅 㻔䕦㻤㻠㻚䠓㻑䠅 㻔䕦㻤䠐㻚㻜㻑䠅 㻔䕦㻤㻡㻚㻜㻑䠅
㻔䕦㻤㻠㻚㻥㻑䠅 㻔䕦㻤㻤㻚㻤㻑䠅 㻔䕦㻤㻥㻚㻢㻑䠅 㻔䕦㻤㻥㻚㻠㻑䠅
Follow-up of Keidanren Action Plan
on the Establishment of a Sound Material-cycle Society
¾㼀㼔㼞㼛㼡㼓㼔㻌㼜㼞㼛㼙㼛㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㻟㻾㻌㼍㼏㼠㼕㼢㼕㼠㼕㼑㼟㻌㻌㻔㻾㼑㼐㼡㼏㼑㻌㻾㼑㼡㼟㼑㻌㻾㼑㼏㼥㼏㼘㼑㻕㼠㼔㼑㻌㼒㼕㼚㼍㼘㻌㼐㼕㼟㼜㼛㼟㼍㼘㻌㼢㼛㼘㼡㼙㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌
㼕㼚㼐㼡㼟㼠㼞㼕㼍㼘㻌㼣㼍㼟㼠㼑㻌㼕㼚㻌㼒㼕㼟㼏㼍㼘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻜㻌㼣㼍㼟㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼘㼑㼢㼑㼘㻌㼛㼒㻌㼐㼑㼏㼞㼑㼍㼟㼑㻌㼎㼥㻌㼍㼎㼛㼡㼠㻌㻤㻥㻚㻠㻑㻌㼏㼛㼙㼜㼍㼞㼑㼐㻌㼠㼛㻌㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌 㼕㼚㻌㼒㼕㼟㼏㼍㼘㻌㻝㻥㻥㻜㻚
¾㻷㼑㼕㼐㼍㼚㼞㼑㼚㻌㼟㼑㼠㻌㼍㻌㼚㼑㼣㻌㼠㼍㼞㼓㼑㼠㻌㼕㼚㻌㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㻝㻜㻌㼠㼛㻌㻎㼞㼑㼐㼡㼏㼑㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻞㻜㻝㻡㻌㼕㼚㼐㼡㼟㼠㼞㼕㼍㼘㻌㼣㼍㼟㼠㼑㻌
㼠㼞㼑㼍㼠㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼍㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㻌㼠㼛㻌㼍㻌㼘㼑㼢㼑㼘㻌㼛㼒㻌㻢㻡㻑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻞㻜㻜㻜㻌㻎㻚㻌
7
38%
40%40%
39%39%
37%37%
42%
41%42%
43%
45%46%46%
49%
51%52%51%52%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
H2 H4 H6 H8 H9 H11 H13 H15 H17 H19
Resources Reutilization Rate of
Industrial Waste
Source: MOE
Accepted various wastes and by-products from other businesses
䞉 the iron and steel industry(various types of slag),
䞉 the electric utility industry(desulfurization plaster)
䞉 the tire industry(scrap tires)
䞉 the metal casting industry(casting sand)
䞉 local municipalities(sewage sludge and incineration ash)
㻼㼞㼛㼙㼛㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㻾㼑㼟㼛㼡㼞㼏㼑㼟㻌㻾㼑㼡㼠㼕㼘㼕㼦㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚
Cement industry's efforts
Cement industry efforts toward the establishment of a sound material-cycle society
http://www.jcassoc.or.jp/cement/4pdf/jj3h_02.pdf
Trang 4䞉About 99% of the by-products involved in the production of
steel are recycled.
䞉The recycling rate of steel cans is 85%, the top-ranking in the
world.
䞉Combinations of iron content of slag, a by-product of
iron-making, with waste wood chips can artificially supply
nutrients needed for the growth of marine plants This
restores life to a desertified sea, restoring a fertile sea with
plenty of kelp and marine life
9
Iron & Steel Industry's Activities on Recycling
䕔Management of Keidanren Nature Conservation Fund
䕱Fundraising
䕱Provision of support to environmental NGO’s nature
conservation projects (1,040 projects for 20years)
䕔Activities of Keidanren Committee on Nature Conservation
(Latest important Theme : Biodiversity)
䕱Promotion of collaborations between companies and NGOs
䕱Development of awareness on nature conservation activities among member companies
“Declaration of Nature Conservation by Keidanren” (March 2003)
“Declaration of Biodiversity by Keidanren” (March 2009)
“ Japan Business and Biodiversity Partnership” (October 2010)
䕱 Participating in international conferences associated with the topic
10
Activities of Keidanren Committee on Nature Conservation
• Asia (Japan, South Korea and Vietnam) 䠖Survey/Awareness-raising
Activities for Recovery of Endangered Spoon-billed Sandpiper
• Asia 䠖 The Asian waterbird Census - promoting waterbird and wetland conservation in the Asia-Pacific region
• Asia 䠖 Organisation of the "Asian Wetland Symposium (AWS2011)" (Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, and Wuxi, China) and contribution to the Ramsar
COP11 and the CBD_COP11
• Vietnam 䠖 Improvement of rice cultivation & environmental education
• Indonesia 䠖 Orangutan protection
• China 䠖Ehancing the protection of Black-necked Crane and their wintering areas in Dashanbao Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province through the
community involvement and poverty reduction programme
• China 䠖Reforestation to prevent desertification
• Thailand 䠖Mangrove plantation in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province
• Thailand 䠖Distribution of environmental education book
• Ecuador 䠖Conservation of ecosystem in Galapagos Islands
Examples of KNCF Supported Projects
Trang 5䠄Action Guidelines䠅
1 Consciousness on nature conservation must be improved.
䐟 Nature conservation shall become an important target of environment management
䐠 Data of corporate nature conservation activities shall be collected and displayed for starters
䐡 Environment education program shall be devised
䐢 Ask the central and local governments to further promote education that deepens contacts with nature
2 Information and knowledge exchange shall be promoted.
䐟 Fora of NGOs and enterprises shall be created
䐠 Database of supported NGO projects shall be created for public viewing
䐡 Intellectuals in social science such as anthropology, sociology, and history shall be called for in localizing ways and means of nature conservation activities
䐢 Ways and means for NGOs to utilize scientific findings and management know how of corporate sector shall be sought
3 Nature conservation activities shall be further promoted.
䐟 Support NGO projects in the area of biological diversity, especially in Asia-Pacific region,
including Japan
䐠 Nature conservation activities by corporate manager and employee volunteers shall be
promoted
䐡 Ask government to reform tax scheme on NGOs, major player in nature conservation, to support their financial basis
䐢 Ask Japan's government to increase ODA expenditure for NGOs in conservation and protection
of global environment and environment education
12
March 17,2003
Keidanren Declaration on Nature Conservation
<7 Principles of the Declaration>
1 To appreciate nature's gifts and aim for corporate activities in harmony with the natural environment
2 To act from a global perspective on the biodiversity crisis
3 To act subjectively and steadily to contribute to biodiversity
4 To promote corporate management for sustainable resource use
5 To create an industry, lifestyle and culture that will learn from
biodiversity
6 To collaborate with relevant international and national organizations
7 To spearhead activities to build a society that will nurture biodiversity
13
Keidanren Declaration on Biodiversity
<Objectives of the Declaration>
To clarify the basic principle and the viewpoints for companies working
on biodiversity.
To enhance proactive participation of companies in biodiversity.
To manage the biodiversity risks through companies’ actions in
accordance with the principles of the declaration
March 17,2009
㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌㻮㼡㼟㼕㼚㼑㼟㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻮㼕㼛㼐㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻼㼍㼞㼠㼚㼑㼞㼟㼔㼕㼜
Trang 6• A self-regulatory programme to reduce CO2 emissions (Social commitment)
• Voluntarily participated by 34 industries in industry and energy-converting sectors
• Each of the 34 industries which participate in the Keidanren
Action Plan sets numerical targets for CO2 emissions reduction Targets can be set on a basis of;
a) CO2 emissions, b) CO2 emissions intensity,
c) energy consumption, d) energy intensity
• Programme-wide target:
‘to suppress the CO2 emissions in 2008-2012(on average) from industrial & energy-converting sectors below its 1990 level ’
• The progress is reviewed annually.
Keidanren Action Plan on Global Warming Measures
targets Compared to
Compared to fiscal 1990 Federation of Electric Power Companies CO2 emission
intensity -20% Japan Aluminum Association Energy intensity
-10%(from 1995) Petroleum Association of Japan Energy intensity -10% Brewers Association of Japan CO2 emission -6% Japan Gas Association CO2 emission -37% Japan Electric Wire and Cable Makers' Association Energy
consumption 㼼㻜㻑 Japan Iron and Steel Federation Energy
consumption -10% Japan Auto-body Industries Association, Inc. CO2 emission -10% Japan Chemical Industry Association Energy intensity -10% Japan Dairy Industry Association Energy intensity -0.5%/year Japan Paper Association Energy intensity -10% Japan Brass Makers Association Energy intensity-7.5%(from
1995) Cement Association of Japan Energy intensity -3% Japan Society of Industrial Machinery Manufacturers CO2 emission
intensity -1%/year The Electrical and Electronics Industry CO2 emission
intensity -25% Japan Bearing Industrial Association
CO2 emission intensity -13%(from 1997) Japan Federation of Construction Contractors CO2 emission
intensity -12% Japan Sugar Refiners' Association CO2 emission -20% Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association CO2 emission -10% Japan Sanitary Equipment Industry Association CO2 emission -20% Japan Auto Parts Industries Association CO2 emission -7% The Japan Soft Drinks Association CO2 emission
intensity -6% Japan Federation of Housing Organizations CO2 emission -7% Limestone Association of Japan Energy intensity -6% Japan Mining Industry Association Energy intensity -10% Japan Machine Tool Builders' Association Energy intensity-6%(from
1997) Japan Lime Association Energy
consumption -6% Flour Millers Association Energy intensity -2% The Japan Rubber Manufacturers Association CO2 emission 㼼㻜㻑 Japan Shipbuilders' Association of Japan Energy intensity -10% The Federation of Pharmaceutical
Manufacturers'Associations of Japan CO2 emission 㼼㻜㻑 Japan Industry Vehicles Association CO2 emission -10% Flat Glass Association Energy
consumption -15% Japan Association of Rolling Stock Industries CO2 emission -10%
Industry Industry
Participating Industries
16
• 34 industries participated (566.6Mt-CO 2 )
㻾㼍㼠㼕㼛㻌㼍㼓㼍㼕㼚㼟㼠㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼠㼛㼠㼍㼘
㻝㻥㻥㻜㻌㻯㻻㻞㻌㼑㼙㼕㼟㼟㼕㼛㼚㼟
㻔㻝㻘㻝㻠㻟㻚㻠㻹㼠㻙㻯㻻 㻞 㻕
㻾㼍㼠㼕㼛㻌㼍㼓㼍㼕㼚㼟㼠㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻝㻥㻥㻜㻌㻯㻻㻞 㼑㼙㼕㼟㼟㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼑㼚㼠㼕㼞㼑 㼕㼚㼐㼡㼟㼠㼞㼕㼍㼘㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼑㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥㻙㼏㼛㼚㼢㼑㼞㼠㼕㼚㼓 㼟㼑㼏㼠㼛㼞㼟㻌㻔㻢㻝㻞㻚㻞㻹㼠㻙㻯㻻㻞㻕
34 industries 44%
34 industries 83%
The coverage of the Action Plan is significantly large: the CO2 emissions of 34 industries accounts for 44% of that of Japan’s.
Coverage of the Action Plan
Trang 7ە Establishment of the Action Plans by Each Individual
Associations
Numerical Target Setting & Specified
Measures
Actions for Climate Change Mitigation, etc.
ە Compilation (with Verification by the Keidanren
Committees) & Publication as the ‘Keidanren Action
Plan on the Environment’
ە Constitution of Social Commitment
ە Implementation of the Action Plans by Each Individual Associations
ە International Cooperative Schemes (e.g CDM, Joint Implementation, etc.)
ە Additional Measures for Further Actions to reduce
CO2)
ە Publication of the Results,
Ensuring Credibility & Transparency
Do
Plan
ە Check the Progress of the Actions by the Actual Performance (e.g CO2 Emissions & Energy Consumption in the Previous Year)
ە Review of the Follow-up Process by the Evaluation Committee to Improve Credibility and Transparency
P-D-C-A cycles of the Keidanren Action Plan
18
Company
Company
Company
Company
Company
Company
An Industrial Association Keidanren
Secretariat
Data
Data Data
Data Data Data
Aggregate data
Aggregate data
Aggregate data
Public
Calculation & Report
Peer Pressure
Calculation/Evaluation
Review of the Plan
Evaluation Committee for the Plan
Reviews
Governmental Councils
Commitment
The assessment of progress is conducted every year The overall performance is publicised
by Keidanren Secretariat.
An Industrial Association
An Industrial Association
19
Public Pressure
Expert Pressure
Keidanren Pressure
㻾㼑㼢㼕㼑㼣㻌㻼㼞㼛㼏㼑㼟㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻷㼑㼕㼐㼍㼚㼞㼑㼚㻌㻭㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻼㼘㼍㼚
"These voluntary action plans by business operators have thus far produced results and the voluntary action plans of Nippon
Keidanren are, in particular, playing a central role in
countermeasures in the industrial community The advantages of
a voluntary instrument include the ease of selection of superior countermeasures for each actor based on its originality and
ingenuity, the likelihood of providing incentives to pursue
aggressive targets, and no procedural costs for both the
Government and implementing actors It is expected that these advantages will be further exploited in voluntary action plans by business operators."
Quoted in the Government's Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan
(Government Decision: 28 March 2008)
The role of Keidanren Action Plan in Japanese Government’s Climate Change Policy
Trang 8Base year: 1990 FY 2010 Total(Reduction in CO2 emissions) -12.3%
Change in production 5.0%
Change in CO2 coefficient -1.5%
Change in CO2 emissions per production -15.8%
21
The Keidanren Action Plan on Climate Change started in 1997, which covers 34
major industries whose CO2 emissions account for 44% of that of Japan’s Each industry sets its own target.
The main reason of reductions in CO2emissions is to improve CO2 emissions per unit of output(CO2 intensity)
The reason of decrease of emissions per unit of output is the consequence of the
steady accumulation of industry efforts in such areas as
䞉technological innovation,
䞉the installation of energy-saving and high-efficiency facilities,
䞉fuel conversion,
䞉the recovery and use of waste energy,
䞉improvements in the operation of facilities and equipment
Contribution Ratio Follow-up of the Keidanren Action Plan on Climate Change
CO2 intensity (1990=100)
200.6 100
186.0 90
䕦7.3䠂 䕦10䠂
CO2 intensity (1990=100)
25.4 100
18.4 76
䕦27.5䠂 䕦24䠂
CO2 intensity (1990=100)
64.1 100
60.2 76
䕦6.1䠂 䕦24䠂
CO2 intensity (1990=100)
27.4 100
16.4 100
䕦40.1䠂
0 䠂
CO2 intensity (1990=100)
8.44 100
4.67 58
䕦44.6䠂 䕦44䠂
Examples of Progress
22
CO2 emissions from manufactures is reducing steadily.
112
130
80 100 120 140
Energy required to produce 1 ton of iron (2005) 㻵㼚㼐㼕㼏㼑㼟㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌㼍㼟㻌100
㻿㼛㼡㼞㼏㼑㻦㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㻵㼚㼚㼛㼢㼍㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻱㼍㼞㼠㼔㻘㻎㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘 㻯㼛㼙㼜㼍㼞㼕㼟㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㻱㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥㻌㻱㼒㼒㼕㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼥㻌㻔㻼㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㻳㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻘㻌㻿㼠㼑㼑㼘㻘㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻯㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㻕㻎㻘 㻻㼏㼠㼛㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㻜㻥㻚㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌㻵㼞㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻿㼠㼑㼑㼘㻌㻲㼑㼐㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼕㼚㼐㼑㼤㼑㼐㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼛㼞㼕㼓㼕㼚㼍㼘㻌㼒㼕㼓㼡㼞㼑㼟㻚
100 116
124 132 133
155 159
80 100 120 140 160 180
㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚 㻳㼑㼞㼙㼍㼚㼥 㻵㼚㼐㼕㼍 㻮㼞㼍㼟㼕㼘 㻷㼛㼞㼑㼍 㼁㻚㻿㻚㻭㻚 㻯㼔㼕㼚㼍
㻵㼚㼐㼕㼏㼑㼟㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌㼍㼟㻌100
Energy required to produce 1 ton of cement clinker (in-process material) (2003)
㻿㼛㼡㼞㼏㼑㻦㻌㼀㼔㼑㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻱㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥㻌㻭㼓㼑㼚㼏㼥㻌㻔㻵㻱㻭㻕㻘㻌㻎㼃㼛㼞㼘㼐㼣㼕㼐㼑㻌㼀㼞㼑㼚㼐㼟㻌㼕㼚㻌㻱㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥 㼁㼟㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻱㼒㼒㼕㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼥㻌㻞㻜㻜㻤㻎㻚
100
194
80 140 200
㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚 㻲㼕㼚㼘㼍㼚㼐 㻳㼑㼞㼙㼍㼚㼥 㻲㼞㼍㼚㼏㼑 㻺㼛㼞㼣㼍㼥 㻮㼞㼍㼟㼕㼘 㼁㻚㻿㻚㻭㻚䚷
㻵㼚㼐㼕㼏㼑㼟㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌㼍㼟㻌100
Energy required to produce 1 ton of paper or paperboard (2004-2005)
㻿㼛㼡㼞㼏㼑㻦㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻱㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥㻌㻱㼏㼛㼚㼛㼙㼕㼏㼟㻘㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻘㻌㻎㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻼㼍㼜㼑㼞㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼕㼏㼍㼘 㻹㼑㼍㼟㼡㼞㼑㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㻹㼍㼚㼡㼒㼍㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㼞㼟㻌㼕㼚㻌㻞㻜㻜㻣㻦㻌㼀㼔㼑㻌㻼㼞㼛㼐㼡㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻱㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥㻌㻯㼛㼚㼟㼡㼙㼜㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒 㻼㼡㼘㼜㻘㻌㻼㼍㼜㼑㼞㻘㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻼㼍㼜㼑㼞㼎㼛㼍㼞㼐㻌㻵㼚㼐㼡㼟㼠㼞㼕㼑㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㻯㼛㼡㼚㼠㼞㼕㼑㼟㻎㻘㻌㻞㻜㻜㻣㻚
113
80
90
100
110
120
㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚 㻭㼐㼢㼍㼚㼏㼑㼐㻌㻭㼟㼕㼍㼚
㻯㼛㼡㼚㼠㼞㼕㼑㼟 㼃㼑㼟㼠㼑㼞㼚㻌㻱㼡㼞㼛㼜㼑㼁㻚㻿㻚㻭㻚㻘㻌㻯㼍㼚㼍㼐㼍
㻵㼚㼐㼕㼏㼑㼟㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌㼍㼟㻌100
Energy required to produce 1 kl of oil products 䠄2004䠅
㻿㼛㼡㼞㼏㼑㻦㻌㻰㼍㼠㼍㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼞㼑㼟㼡㼘㼠㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼍㻌㼟㼡㼞㼢㼑㼥㻌㼎㼥㻌㻿㼛㼘㼛㼙㼛㼚㻌㻭㼟㼟㼛㼏㼕㼍㼠㼑㼟㻌㻸㼠㼐㻚
126 135
80
100
120
140
160
㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚 㻲㼞㼍㼚㼏㼑 㻳㼑㼞㼙㼍㼚㼥 㼁㻚㻿㻚㻭㻚 㻯㼔㼕㼚㼍 㻵㼚㼐㼕㼍
㻵㼚㼐㼕㼏㼑㼟㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌㼍㼟㻌100
Energy required to produce 1kWh of electricity
through thermal power generation 䠄2007䠅
㻿㼛㼡㼞㼏㼑㻦䚷㻱㻯㻻㻲㼅㻿㻘㻌㻎㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻯㼛㼙㼜㼍㼞㼕㼟㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㻲㼛㼟㼟㼕㼘㻌㻼㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㻱㼒㼒㼕㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼥㻎㻘
㻞㻜㻝㻜㻚
100 104
108 113
120 123
80 100 120 140
㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚 㻷㼛㼞㼑㼍 㻯㼔㼕㼚㼍 㼁㻚㻿㻚㻭㻚 㼃㼑㼟㼠㼑㼞㼚
㻱㼡㼞㼛㼜㼑 㻱㼍㼟㼠㼑㼞㼚㻱㼡㼞㼛㼜㼑
㻵㼚㼐㼕㼏㼑㼟㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌㼍㼟㻌100
Energy required to produce 1 ton of electrolytic caustic soda 䠄2004䠅
㻿㼛㼡㼞㼏㼑㻦㻌㻿㻾㻵㻌㻯㼔㼑㼙㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㻱㼏㼛㼚㼛㼙㼕㼏㻌㻴㼍㼚㼐㼎㼛㼛㼗㻧㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌㻿㼛㼐㼍㻌㻵㼚㼐㼡㼟㼠㼞㼥㻌㻭㼟㼟㼛㼏㼕㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻘 㻿㼛㼐㼍㻌㻴㼍㼚㼐㼛㼎㼡㼗㼗㼡㻌㻔㻿㼛㼐㼍㻌㻴㼍㼚㼐㼎㼛㼛㼗㻕
International Comparisons of Energy Efficiency
in Industrial and Energy-conversion Sectors
World-leading levels of energy efficiency have been achieved in participating industries эless energy, cost-cut, competitiveness and so on
Trang 9International Comparisons of CO 2 Emissions Reduction Potential
24
㼃㼛㼞㼘㼐㻙㼘㼑㼍㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌㼘㼑㼢㼑㼘㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼑㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥㻌
㼑㼒㼒㼕㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼥㻌㼕㼚㻌㼜㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼕㼜㼍㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌
㼕㼚㼐㼡㼟㼠㼞㼕㼑㼟㻌㼔㼍㼟㻌㼘㼑㼍㼐㻌㼠㼛㻌㼘㼕㼠㼠㼘㼑㻌
㼞㼑㼐㼡㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼜㼛㼠㼑㼚㼠㼕㼍㼘㻚
0.18
0.39
0.25 0.22 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.14 0.09 0.06 0.16
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Wor ld Russia Canada US China Kor ea Br azil India OECD
Eur ope Japan Other
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
Fuel CO2 Electr icity savings Alter native fuel BF slag Other clinker substitute Specific savings potential
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
CHP
Recycling
Electricity Savings potential
Heat Savings potential
Specific savings potential [GJ/t]
Households
1 Provision of energy-efficient products and services
2 Provision of energy-efficient measures for customers
3 Environment education for employees
4 Practice Cool Biz and Warm Biz
5 Promotion of commuting by public transportation
6 Environment education in schools and other institutions
Offices
1 Strict management of air conditioning temperature
2 Shifting of OA equipments and lighting fixtures to energy-saving models
3 Setting of PCs to energy-saving mode; restriction on the use of electronic office equipment
4 Introduction of energy-efficient equipment and solar power
5 Switching lights off during lunch breaks
6 Less use of elevators
7 Installation of insulated glass, light-filtering glass
Transportation
1 Joint shipping by all group companies
2 Consolidation and centralization of distribution bases,
storage facilities
3 Collaboration between distribution companies and their
clients
4 Mutual supply of products
5 Use of larger ships and vehicles
6 Modal shift to transportation by railroad and ships
7 Introduction of fuel-efficient cars, natural gas, and
energy-efficient vehicles (including replacement) etc
Forest preservation
1 Use of domestic thinned woods for cushioning materials, mulching of fields, etc
2 Promotion of biomass energy use
3 Use of rapid growth trees for truck flooring
4 Maintenance and development of company-owned forests and implementation of educational activities for employees and local communities
5 Planting of domestic varieties of trees
6 Participation in corporate forest sponsorship and ownership programs
7 Participation in volunteer activities to protect forests hosted by local governments and companies (tree planting, thinning, and undergrowth clearing)
8 Involvement with local green funds 9 Afforestation actiivies
10 Efforts toward the restoration of tropical forests
Energy-Conversion and Industrial Sectors Promotion of Voluntary Action Plan
Circle of Widening Voluntary Efforts in the Commercial, Residential,
Transportation, and Other Sectors
25
0.10 0.11 0.12
0.16 0.17 0.19
0.24 0.30 0.30
0.77 0.72 1.63
0.31
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
0.22 0.28 0.28 0.38 0.24 0.46 0.74 0.61 0.68
1.81 2.17 3.86
0.73
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50
Primary energy supply /GDP(2009)
International Comparison on Efficiency
CO2 emissions /GDP(2009)
Source : IEA
Trang 109 Development and commercial adoption of world-leading energy-saving
products and services
9 Efforts to educate employees and provide information to consumers
9 Reinforcement of private-led undertakings in international cooperation
9 Transfers of advanced technology and expertise to motivated developing
countries in compliance with international rules
Corporate Operations
Industrial Sector
Business Sector
Transportation Sector
9 Set reduction targets assuming widespread implementation
of the best available technologies for the low carbon path.
* Demonstrate viability of targeted reduction levels.
Explore ways of guaranteeing reduction targets will be achieved.
Stronger collaboration with consumers, etc.
9 Formulation and pursuit of sector-specific, medium- to long-range
technology development road maps leading to the creation of a low carbon
society on a global scale
Domestic
Measures
International
Contributions
Development
of
Innovative
Technologies
27
Keidanren’s Commitment to a Low Carbon Society
(1) 2020
Eco process э
•Aiming for a further improvement in energy efficiency of steel production processes, which are already the highest in the world
Eco product э
•By supplying high-performance steel, which is vital to creating a low-carbon society, Japanese
steelmakers contribute to cutting CO2 emissions when finished products made of this steel are used.
Eco solution э
•Contribute worldwide by transferring the world’s most advanced energy-conserving technologies to other countries (mainly developing countries) and increasing the use of these technologies.
The 2020 goal is to aim for a reduction of about 5 million tons of CO2 emissions (emission reduction vs business as usual in 2020, excluding reduction from improvement in electric power emission coefficient), which is based on the maximum use of the latest technological advances and 2020 crude steel output of 119.66 million tons This is the long-term energy supply-demand outlook (recalculated) of the Advisory
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (Cost of this reduction is about ¥1 trillion.)
(2) Long term~ Breakthrough R&D
Development of revolutionary steelmaking processes (COURSE50)
Cut CO2 emissions from production processes about 30% by using hydrogen for iron ore reduction and collecting CO2 from blast furnace gas The first production unit is to begin operations by about 2030* Goal is widespread use of these processes by about 2050 in line with timing of updates of existing blast furnace facilities *Assumes establishment of economic basis for CO2 storage infrastructure and creation of a practical unit using these processes
Goal is reduction of 5 million tons
Estimated contribution of 30 mil tons
Estimated contribution of 70 mil tons
18.81 million ton contribution in FY2009
(Products included: Production of 8.3mn tons, 8.6% of total crude steel output)
FY2009 contribution was 33 million tons
28
Steel Industry’s action plan to the Low Carbon Society
䐟 If next-generation automobiles such as
electric vehicles become more popular,
CO2 emissions reductions can be
expected.
䐠 If all mini-vehicles in Japan are replaced
with electric vehicles, CO2 emissions
are expected to be reduced by
approximately 25million t-CO2 per year,
which is equivalent to approximately 2%
of CO2 emissions in Japan , although
CO2 emissions form electricity would
increase by 14 million t-CO2.
[Characteristic of electric vehicles]
CO2 emissions is low(Approximately 30% compared to gasoline vehicles).
Total efficiency is high.
Fuel cost is low(approximately 1/4 to 1/10 of gasoline vehicles).
The Effects of Electric Vehicles