ITN6 Instructor Materials Chapter4

 4.3 Data Link Layer Protocols • Describe the purpose and function of the data link layer in preparing communication for transmission on specific media..  4.4 Media Access Control • C

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Cisco Confidential

Chapter 4: Network Access

CCNA Routing and Switching

Introduction to Networks v6.0

Chapter 4 - Sections & Objectives

 4.1 Physical Layer Protocols

• Identify device connectivity options.

• Describe the purpose and functions of the physical layer in the network.

• Describe basic principles of the physical layer standards.

 4.2 Network Media

• Identify the basic characteristics of copper cabling.

• Build a UTP cable used in Ethernet networks (scope – does not include cabling area

discussion).

• Describe fiber-optic cabling and its main advantages over other media.

• Connect devices using wired and wireless media.

 4.3 Data Link Layer Protocols

• Describe the purpose and function of the data link layer in preparing communication for

transmission on specific media.

 4.4 Media Access Control

• Compare the functions of logical topologies and physical topologies.

• Describe the basic characteristics of media access control methods on WAN topologies.

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Cisco Confidential

4.1 Network Access

Physical Layer Protocols

Physical Layer Connection

 Types of Connections

 Network Interface Cards

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Physical Layer Protocols

Purpose of the Physical Layer

 The Physical Layer

• Accepts a complete frame from the data link

layer

• Encodes it as a series of signals that are

transmitted onto the local media

 Physical Layer Media

• Describe the media types

 Physical Layer Standards

Physical Layer Protocols

Physical Layer Characteristics

 Functions

• Physical components

• Encoding

• Signaling

 Data Transfer

• Bandwidth – capacity to a medium to carry data

• Throughput - measure of the transfer of bits across the media

 Types of Physical Media

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Cisco Confidential

4.2 Network Media

Network Media

Copper Cabling

 Characteristics of Copper Cabling

• Inexpensive, easy to install, low resistance to electric current

• Distance and signal interference

 Copper Media

 Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cable

 Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable

 Coaxial Cable

 Copper Media Safety

• Fire and electrical hazards

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Network Media

UTP Cabling

 Properties of UTP Cabling

• Cancellation of EMI and RFI signals with

twisted pairs

 UTP Cabling Standards

• TIA/EIA-568

• IEEE: Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6e

 UTP Connectors

 Types of UTP Cable

• Rollover

• Straight-through

 Testing UTP Cables

 Cable Pinouts

Network Media

Fiber-Optic Cabling

 Properties of Fiber-Optic Cabling

• Transmits data over longer distances

• Flexible, but thin strands of glass

• Transmits with less attenuation

• Immune to EMI and RFI

 Fiber Media Cable Design

 Types of Fiber Media

• Single mode and multimode

 Fiber-Optic Connectors

 Testing Fiber Cables

 Fiber versus Copper

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Network Media

Wireless Media

 Properties of Wireless Media

• Data communications using radio or

microwave frequencies

 Types of Wireless Media

• Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WiMax

 Wireless LAN

• Wireless Access Point

• Wireless NIC adapters

4.3 Data Link Layer

Protocols

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Data Link Layer Protocols

Purpose of the Data Link Layer

 The Data Link Layer

• What is this layer responsible for?

 Data Link Sublayers

• LLC communicates with the network layer

• MAC defines the media access processes

 Providing Access to Media

 Data Link Layer Standards

• IEEE

• ITU

• ISO

• ANSI

4.4 Media Access Control

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Media Access Control

Topologies

 Controlling Access

to the Media

 Physical and Logical Topologies

Media Access Control

WAN Topologies

 Common Physical WAN Topologies

• Point-to-point

• Hub and spoke

• Mesh

 Physical Point-to-Point Topology

 Logical Point-to-Point Topology

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Media Access Control

LAN Topologies

 Physical LAN Topologies

 Half and Full Duplex

 Media Access Control Methods

 Contention-Based Access

• CSMA/CD vs CSMA/CA

Media Access Control

Data Link Frame

 The Frame

• Header

• Data

• Trailer

 Frame Fields

 Layer 2 Address

• 802.11 Wireless Frame

• PPP Frame

• HDLC

• Frame Relay

• Ethernet Frame

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Cisco Confidential

4.5 Chapter Summary

 Explain how physical layer protocols and services

support communications across data networks.

 Build a simple network using the appropriate media.

 Explain how the Data Link layer supports

communications across data networks.

 Compare media access control techniques and

logical topologies used in networks.

Chapter Summary

Summary