Active grammar 1 without answers

GRAMMAR LEVEL 1 With answers Fiona Davis and Wayne Rimmer Series editor: Penny Ur www.cambridge.org © in this web service Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-

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Fiona Davis and Wayne Rimmer

Series Editor: Penny Ur

m

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GRAMMAR

LEVEL 1 With answers

Fiona Davis and Wayne Rimmer

Series editor: Penny Ur

www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press

978-0-521-73251-2 - Active Grammer Level 1 With Answers

Frontmatter

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C A M B R I D G E U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore,

São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City

The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK

www.cambridge.org

Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521732512

This publication is in copyright Subject to statutory exception

and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,

no reproduction of any part may take place without the written

permission of Cambridge University Press.

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

ISBN 978-0-521-73251-2 Paperback with answers and CD-ROM

ISBN 978-0-521-17368-1 Paperback without answers and CD-ROM

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or

accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in

this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,

or will remain, accurate or appropriate Information regarding prices, travel

timetables and other factual information given in this work is correct at

the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee

the accuracy of such information thereafter.

First published 2011

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Questions and answers

25 Yes / no questions and short answers 64

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37 Verbs with two objects 90

Articles, nouns, pronouns, etc.

40 Countable and uncountable nouns 98

R8 Review: nouns and articles 106

R9 Review: pronouns; possessives; quantifiers 124

Adjectives and adverbs

Linking words and sentences

70 Linking words: and, but, or, so, because 170

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In the world today

Word class and word order

There are 26 letters in the English alphabet The sentence

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog uses all 26 letters.

In the world today, people speak around 2,700 different languages.

More than 750 million people use the English language

But only about 350 million people speak it as a fi rst language

About 885 million people speak Chinese as their fi rst language.

About 80% of the information on the world’s computers is in English.

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Practice

My test!

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ā 9Wj"hWXX_j"Ze]WdZidWa[Wh[ $ W WZl[hXi X dekdi Y fhedekdi

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King: I don’t understand!

Are you my son?

Tom: No, I’m not a prince, I’m poor King:

Are you sure? Your clothes are not

very old!

Tom: They’re not my clothes They’re

Edward’s clothes He’s poor now.

King: Oh no! This is terrible! Is it true?

Tom: Yes, it is I’m really sorry , King Henry

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ÿ 70M^WjÊij^[j_c[5 80 ''eÊYbeYa$

W ?i X ?j Y ?jÊi Ā 707h[oekcoied5 80De" $

W ?Êcdej X ?WcdÊj Y ?Wc ā 70 jeZWo5 80De"_j_idÊj$?jÊimWhc$

W ?iYebZ X ?i_jYebZ Y ?jYebZ

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7\j[hl[hXim^_Y^[dZ#e"#Y^"#i^"#ii"#n"WZZ#[i$

]e©i^[]e[i YWjY^©^[YWjY^[i fki^©i^[fki^[i c_ii©_jc_ii[i Ón©i^[Ón[i M^[dj^[l[hX[dZi_dYediedWdj!#o"Zhefj^[#oWdZ

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Present simple 1: statements

Maybe you know her.

3

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Jhk[eh<Wbi[5 BWobWb_l[i_d;]ofj$

?

There’s a new girl at school

Maybe you know her

She has beautiful black hair down to her w

The new girl’ s name is Layla My sister and I

see her every da y We

think she’s 15 She lives in the apartments on the corner of our

street She goes to the library after school I

hope she is happy .

Layla has a y oung brother

They walk to school together

Her mum

works as a cleaner at our school She

comes from Egypt I don’t know much about Egypt My dad

says that it nev er rains in Cair

o

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Practice

A Change the infinitive without to of these verbs into the

correct present simple form with it

B Complete these facts about Egypt Use the correct

present simple forms of the verbs in the box

buy come have have live show study visit

1 Egypt fi&5 a population of around 80 million

2 17 million people in Cairo

3 The name 'Egypt' from the Greek word

Egyptos

4 Around 6,000,000 tourists Egypt every year

5 Every tourist presents from a night market

6 Egypt about 100 pyramids

7 Tourist guides people the pyramids of Giza

8 An egyptologist is a person who Egyptian

history from a long time ago

C Complete Layla's letter using the correct present simple forms of the verbs in brackets

breakfast for my brother and me

I 2 (walk) to school with my brother We 3 (see) the same two girls They always 4 (say) 'hello'

15 (feel) lonely sometimes, but I really like my new school The school

6 (have) a very good library

My brother ' (go) to primary school He always 8 (wear) his old red coat My mother 9 (go) to work early in the morning She 1 0

(work) very hard

Thank you for the card You 1 1

(write) very good letters

Write again soon!

Love, Layla

about your school morning

Every morning I (vave breakfast with ituj famitij

I always You never

My teacher The school

| Circle the correct option

I 1 to the shops a They walks b She walk c He walks

3 in Cairo a It never rains b It never rain c It's never rain

3C 3fc Bf 37 : T : S J B M S U E iisai Aw

Present simple 1 11

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4 Present simple 2: negatives and questions Do you like zoos?

n o n

c v

Do you (ike zoos?

Do you think zoos are a good idea?

Xa>|uoui snqo]03 e pile B||uo8 E :J9MSUV

Present simple 2: negatives and

questions

1 To make negative f o r m s in t h e present simple, use don't

and doesn't + t h e infinitive f o r m w i t h o u t to o f t h e verb

They don't have black and white fur

A mother gorilla doesn't have many babies

negative X

1/ You / W e /They do n o t (don't) believe

H e / S h e / I t does n o t (doesn't) believe

2 To make a question, use do or does in f r o n t o f t h e subject

Do you like zoos ? Does the park cost a lot of money?

3 Use do or does in t h e affirmative short answer and don't

or doesn't in t h e negative short answer

Yes, I do

No, he doesn't

There is no -s on t h e main verb after does or doesn't

She doesn't think N O T She doesn't thinks

Does she know? N O T Does she knows ?

question ? short answer / X

D o 1 / you / we / t h e y like ? Yes, (1) do

No, (1) don't Does he / she / i t like ? Yes, (he) does

No, (he) doesn't

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Practice

A Underline t h e correct o p t i o n

1 I don't know /doesn't know the answer

2 Most trees don't grow/doesn't grow very quickly

3 Do/Does Sara understand this?

4 Do/Does you want t o talk about it?

5 The price don't include/doesn't include service

6 I don't think/doesn't think he's very nice

7 We don't see/doesn't see our grandparents very often

8 They don't live/doesn't live very near

B Complete t h e t e x t about black rhinos using t h e correct

present simple f o r m s o f t h e verbs in brackets

W e1 WW (have) a large number o f rhinos

living here Black r h i n o s2 (not live) in

groups T h e y3 (prefer) t o live alone

Black rhinos are in danger because o f their horns People

its mother for three t o four

years The mother rhino

7 (not stay) w i t h the father

Rhinos 8 (not fight) w i t h other animals in

the park In fact, they are friendly animals

C Make present simple questions f r o m t h e w o r d s , t h e n

answer the questions in your n o t e b o o k using short

answers

1 a mechanic / fix cars

Dees a mechanic {i£ cars?

2 y o u / w o r k at the weekend

Oojoa worfc. attkt, wukudL

3 a vet / look after animals

4 zoo keepers/work in shops

5 a young colobus monkey / have w h i t e f u r

6 w e / g o t o school on Sundays

7 nurses / work in a hospital

8 y o u / d o sport in the evening

D Read part o f an i n t e r v i e w w i t h a gorilla keeper

C o m p l e t e her answers, using t h e verbs in t h e box

not eat not fight got up not go home have not look after love

have

1 Yes, I tyt U.p at 6.30 every morning

2 Yes, but they bananas all the time They like a lot o f other fruit, too

3 The gorillas in the park are all friends They

4 Yes, it does The park more than 50 gorillas

5 Yes, they do We a baby gorilla in the park

N o w t h i n k o f at least t h r e e more present simple questions

f o r t h e gorilla keeper and w r i t e t h e m in your notebook

a You wants b W a n t you

2 We zoos very often,

a aren't visit b don't visit

3 M y sister zoos

a doesn't like b doesn't likes c don't like

4 She says the animals a very happy life,

a not have b doesn't have c don't have

5 A: Do the rhinos fight w i t h other animals?

B:No,

a doesn't they b it doesn't c they don't

' V S O T W S V V V W W W DCJ Of E £ (\l 0\ :SJ9AASUE j;S3J_ A"\AJ

Present s i m p l e 2 1 3

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O W h o is ill? a Mark b Monica c Nicole

M o ^ ^ a s ^ e ^ ^ X

plaving his new gmtar and some peop

See you there, Monica

Mark is speaking on the phone

Are you listening?

2 M a k e present continuous

statements w i t h am / is / are +

-ing form o f t h e verb

/ am watching TV

Monica is washing her hair

We are drinking coffee

3 M a k e negatives, questions and

short f o r m s like t h i s :

/ am not watching TV

Is Monica washing her hair?

A: Are they drinking coffee?

B: Yes, they are

statement / negative X

1 a m ('m) w o r k i n g 1 a m n o t f m not) w o r k i n g You / W e / They are ('re) w o r k i n g You / W e / They are n o t (aren't / 're not) working

He / She / It is fs) w o r k i n g He / She / It is n o t (isn't /'s not) w o r k i n g question ? short answer / X

A m 1 working? Yes, 1 a m

No, 1 a m n o t f m not)

A r e you / we / they w o r k i n g ? Yes, (you) are

No, (you) are n o t (aren't / 're not)

Is he / she / it w o r k i n g ? Yes, (he) is

No, (he) is n o t (isn't /'s not)

I f a verb ends in -e, d r o p t h e -e

dance -* People are dancing NOT danccing

I f a verb ends in one v o w e l and one consonant, double t h e consonant

stop The train is stopping NOT stoping

• See page 182 for more spelling rules

• See Units 6 and 18 for more information on the present continuous

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Practice

1 She is walking/are walking down t h e street

2 People is singing/are singing t o o loudly

3 We isn't waiting/aren't waiting in the right place

4 I am running/is running because I'm late

5 Hello? Are I speaking/Am I speaking t o Lucy?

6 The guests is not enjoying /are not enjoying the party

much

7 At the moment I am living/are living w i t h my friend

8 /s that boy smiling/Are that boy smiling at me?

B Complete the sentences using t h e present continuous

of the verbs in brackets

2 The baby is not crijituj now (not cry)

3 We our holiday, (plan)

4 I t o school, (walk)

5 They very fast, (not run)

6 The cat some milk, (drink)

7 I a good time, (not have)

8 He a computer upstairs, (carry)

9 She hard today, (not work)

C Complete t h e t e l e p h o n e conversation using t h e present

continuous o f t h e verbs in brackets Some are negatives

or questions

'Hello, Dad Yes, I'm still at the party What's happening?

Well, everyone 1 i ddhdh^ (dance) but I 2

(sit) on the sofa Geoff (tell) some friends

about his holiday and he 4 (show) t h e m the

pictures Diego and Bianca5 (look) at t h e

pictures because they think they are boring W h a t ? O h ,

that's Helen S h e6 (shout), she just speaks

very loudly I'm glad she 7 (sing) - she is a

terrible singer! Wait Nicole 8 (come) in t h e

door She looks O K now Everyone 9 (smile)

Anyway, what about you, Dad? 1 0 (do)

anything interesting? I see Great, t h e y1 1

(bring) the food I'm hungry! I'll phone later Bye.'

D C o m p l e t e t h e sentences using t h e present continuous o f

t h e verbs in t h e box Some are negatives or questions

carry feel play stay study talk t r y watch wear w r i t e

A: M y team are losing again!

B: They very well this season

Sarah, my red dress?

A: Where's Robert?

B: He a letter

7 A: y o u anything dangerous w i t h you, Sir?

B: No, there's nothing dangerous in my suitcase

8 Everyone about her purple hair

9 Alice Economics at university?

10 A: Can I phone you at the hotel?

B: No, I there

/ A n s w e r t h e questions in y o u r n o t e b o o k using short book using short answers

1 Is it raining? 2 Are you watching TV?

Yes, i t is Klo, I'm w t

3 Are you wearing jeans?

4 Are any o f your friends sitting near you?

5 Are you feeling hungry?

6 Is your mobile phone ringing?

7 Are you w r i t i n g this w i t h a black pen?

8 Is your watch / the clock showing the right time?

9 Are you listening t o any music?

| Circle the correct o p t i o n

1 well, so I want t o stay in bed a I amn't feeling b I aren't feeling

2 A: the guitar? B:Yes, he is a Is Diego playing b Diego is playing

3 Everyone at the party a aredanceing b dancing c is dancing

4 A: Is Bianca wearing a yellow dress? B:Yes, a she wears b she are

5 Mark t o Monica a isn't listening b not listening c don't listen

c I'm not feeling

c Is playing Diego

c she is

eg ~>y ->i E £ ox : s j 9 M 5 u e \\<&\_ Xyy

Present c o n t i n u o u s 1 5

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6 Present continuous and present simple I'm walking -1 don't have a car

Good I never d r i v e in " ' Paris The traffic is terrible

ine the correct option: Paris is a bad / good place for cars

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Present continuous and present

simple

1 Use t h e present simple t o t a l k or ask a b o u t

things t h a t are always or usually t r u e

Do you speak English ?

We don't have a car

2 Use t h e present simple t o t a l k or ask a b o u t

regular or repeated events and habits

Sandra phones her mother every day

Do you drink coffee in the morning?

3 W e o f t e n use t h e present simple w i t h adverbs

o f frequency [always, never, sometimes, etc.)

It never snows here in summer

I sometimes dream about you

4 Use t h e present continuous t o describe an

activity in progress n o w / around now, or an

unfinished activity

Are you reading this page (= now)

They are building a shopping centre (= it is

not finished yet)

5 W e rarely use t h e present continuous f o r

verbs w h i c h are about states, n o t actions,

e.g believe, know, like, love, need, seem,

understand, want See U n i t 39

/ know English N O T I'm knowing

Do you need a pen?NOT Are you needing ?

present simple present continuous

He usually walks t o work He's w a l k i n g t o work today

It doesn't rain on the moon It isn't raining at the moment

D o you ever read comics? She's reading a comic now

1 have t w o brothers I'm having a shower

Charles plays the piano Charles isn't at home He's

playing in a concert

A: W h a t do you do?

B: I'm a taxi driver

A: W h a t are you doing?

B: I'm d r i v i n g t o the airport

The present simple is much m o r e c o m m o n t h a n t h e present continuous, and in most cases you should use

t h e present simple

/ think it's nice N O T I'm thinking

She is Turkish and she comes from Istanbul

NOT she's coming

• See Units 3 and 5 for more information on the present simple and present continuous

1 6

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Practice

1 They play/are playing rugby twice a week

2 Are you having / Do you have breakfast every morning?

3 It snows/is snowing so we can't go skiing

4 Your guide speaks/is speaking three languages

5 We don't know/aren't knowing the way

6 The DJ plays/is playing my favourite song

7 Do you like /Are you liking the food?

8 \'mnot laughing /don't laugh, I'm crying / cry

D C o m p l e t e this postcard w i t h t h e present simple or present continuous

o f t h e verbs in brackets

B Match the pairs

She speaks French w e l l^ ^a

She is speaking F r e n c h- ^ ^b

It rains a lot a

It's raining a lot b

She always has lunch a

She's having lunch b

because the tourist doesn't know Italian, because her mother is f r o m Paris

in Mozambique, and I'm wet

- please phone later,

"the sun (shine) and everyone

(wear) T-shirts Our teacher

is great He 4 (come) from Manchester t o o but he 5

(not speak) English with an accent We

(study) three hours in the morning and 7 (go) on excursions

in the afternoon Now 18 (sit) in

a cafe on King Street 19 (not think) a king r e a l l y1 0 (live) here!

How are y o u ?1 1 (work) this summer? Write soon

I'm not working

11 A: What is she doing?

12 A: What does she do?

b B: No, I download them

C Complete t h e dialogues using t h e verbs in t h e box in t h e present

simple or present continuous Some are negatives or questions

agree carry know need rain understand wait wear

You are on holiday In your notebook,

w r i t e a t e x t message t o your f r i e n d Describe w h a t you are d o i n g and w h a t you are w e a r i n g Tell your f r i e n d w h a t you do every day and w h a t you like / don't like

Example: I'm tijwuj bij t(ve poet, I swim every ctotj

1 A: I <font utuierstaiui these instructions

B: Why not? They look clear t o me

2 A: London is a very expensive city

B: Yes, I w i t h you

3 A: you any help?

B: No, I'm OK, thanks

4 A: She a coat

B: That's strange - it's very cold today

5 A: 1 hey a piano up the stairs

B: Help them - it's very heavy

6 A: Where is the History Museum?

B: Sorry, I

7 A: Terry for me?

B: Yes-you're late

8 A: It's a lovely day for a picnic

B: We're lucky that it

* 5

Circle t h e correct o p t i o n

1 The tourist f o r the Eiffel Tower,

a is looking b look c are looking

2 He has a map, but he it

a isn't understanding b doesn't understand

c isn't understand

3 A: a car? B: Yes, but I never drive in Paris

a Are you have b Do you have

c Are you having

4 W h e n we are in Paris, we always by metro

a are go b are going c go

5 It is often sunny in Paris, but today it

a are rain b is raining c rains

IS t K °Z ET :sjaMsue jjsai Xyv

Present c o n t i n u o u s and present s i m p l e 1 7

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7 Stay calm! Imperatives

below is for US teenagers

H Underline the correct option:

9 A large earthquake is possible

1 / not possible in California

aiqissod jaMsuy

Stay inside

Sit under a table or stand against a wall

Don't stand near doors or windows

Never take an elevator

Outside Always stay where you are Don't run inside

Find a clear place away from buildings and trees Lie down on the ground until the earthquake stops

In a car

Slow down and stop the car in a clear place

Don't stop on a bridge

Stay inside the car until the earthquake stops

Imperatives Use imperatives for:

Please put your bag over there

Requests with imperatives often sound not very polite to English speakers, even if you add 'please' It's better to use other structures, e.g:

Could you put your bag over there?

Would you mind putting your bag over there ?

• See Unit 21 for the use o f can and could for requests

2 Use the infinitive without to for imperatives There is usually no subject

Lie down on the ground N O T You lie down on the ground-

3 Make negatives by adding don't (do not) in front

Don't I Do not stand near windows

4 Always and never can be used at the beginning of the imperative phrase

Never take an elevator

Always stay where you are

1 8

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A What do you do i f t h e r e is a fire in t h e home?

Underline the correct o p t i o n

1 Panic! /Don't panic!

2 Leave/Don't leave the house quickly

3 Take time/Don't take time t o collect your things

4 Close/Don't close all doors behind you

5 If a door is hot, open/don't open it Go t o the window

6 Go back/Don't go back inside

7 Phone/Don't phone the fire fighters

B Complete the dialogues w i t h t h e i m p e r a t i v e o r

negative imperative f o r m s o f t h e verbs in t h e box

forget go shopping have pick up put take

turn left turn down w o r r y

Turn that music &W!

I can't hear you The music's t o o loud!

It's my exam today

It'll be OK

I feel really bored W h a t can I do?

! That's what I do when I'm bored!

Please your feet on the

seat

Sorry

These cakes are lovely

t w o ! I'm ready t o go now

a great holiday!

t o send a postcard

Look at that snake! Can I take it home?

No! Never a snake!

This is the road now!

What did you say?

You are visiting a friend this weekend Complete your friend's advice with an appropriate verb in the imperative or negative imperative

1 yO t o bed early tonight

2 late The train always leaves on t i m e

3 The station is always busy

your ticket before you come

4 a sandwich on the train - they're very expensive

5 The train arrives at platform 2

d o w n the stairs and out o f the main entrance

6 left and

t o the car park

7 in the car park I'll

meet you there

Give some advice to tourists W r i t e three imperative sentences and three negative imperative sentences in your notebook

Circle the correct o p t i o n

1 ! It's 8 o'clock and you're late a You get up b Gets up c Get up

2 A: Can I go t o a party tonight, M u m ? B: OK, but please noisy when you come home

a you aren't b be not c don't be

3 across the road. a Don't never run b Never run c Don't running

| 4 A: Excuse me? Where is the toilet? B: up these stairs and turn left It's there

a Go b Going c You going

I 5 A: Sorry I can't help you today I'm very busy B: a Don't worry b Don't be worry c Doesn't worry

ES Bfr 1£ 3Z a x: S J 3 M S U B Usal^W

I m p e r a t i v e s 1 9

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-J^ J Review: present simple and present

continuous

A C o m p l e t e t h e sentences w i t h t h e correct f o r m o f t h e verb

Be careful w i t h spelling

1 M y sister ploys (play) tennis every week and

always watckes (watch) tennis matches on TV

2 Look at that cat! It (run) very fast I think

it (try) t o catch that bird

3 M y uncle (work) in a factory He

(fix) broken computers

4 The baby (cry) again She always

(cry) when she's hungry

5 Look! Everyone (have) a great t i m e at

the party Some people are (dance), and

6 Mark usually (study) very hard f o r exams,

but he (not study) tonight

He (make) a model

7 Alice really (not want) her yoga course t o

end She (say) it's great

8 Daniel (have) an easy life He just

Your Biology book? I

think I have it but 4 l'm

not 1I don't remember where Just a moment no, i t

5 isn't/doesn't in my bag

6/s/does it on your desk at home?

Ah, yes S o r r y 7 A r e / D o you need it?

Yes, I do W e have a big Biology test t o m o r r o w 8 l'm

not/1 don't understand Biology, so I need t o study

No, you 9 aren't/don't. Mrs Williams 1 0isn't/doesn't

at school this week She's ill

Really?

Yes So the test ^ isn't/doesn't tomorrow It's next

Thursday You 12 aren't/don't need t o study tonight

C Change t h e statements i n t o negatives and t h e negatives i n t o statements

1 I'm very good at sports, but I don't like watching sport on TV

I'm not wnj joo4 at sports, but I tiU

watching sport on TV

2 M y brother plays the guitar, but he isn't very good at singing

3 W e are very happy O u r team is winning

4 Ann and Robert like London and they're planning t o stay there

5 Lucy is very good at dancing

We enjoy her shows

6 Marcus is playing a computer game at the moment He plays computer games every night

7 That song is very good I want t o listen t o it again

8 Tony doesn't eat hamburgers He doesn't eat a lot o f meat

9 Joanna has a swimming competition next week,

so she is practising very hard today

10 I don't go t o school by bus - I walk So I don't have t i m e t o read magazines on the way

2 0

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D Complete t h e email w i t h t h e present simple o r t h e present continuous o f t h e verbs in brackets

e e e

0 s I I a Q

Delete Reply Reply All Forward Print

Hi Luis

Thanks for your e m a i l I'm really pleased that you 1 k « J J « j U $ ( e n j o y ) y o u r English course in the UK

We're all fine here - a s a l w a y s I 5 (not / h a v e ) m u c h free t i m e at the m o m e n t

1 (practise) hard for the tennis competition - only t h r e e w e e k s to go and I'm really nervous

about it I really 5 ( w a n t ) to win the competition this year Brian 6 ( t h i n k ) I'm

playing well, but 17 (not t h i n k ) I a m

s (you / r e m e m b e r ) my 'baby sister' Maria? Well, can y o u believe she s 13 now?

We 9ZIIIIII (still / t h i n k ) of her as a little child, but she's v e r y grown-up now S h e

io ( l e a r n ) to play the violin, and she's already quite good S h e 1 1 ( p l a y ) right

now, while 11 2 ( w r i t e ) this e m a i l

Right, time to stop writing I have loads of w o r k to do! S e e you s o o n

Angela

E Cross out all t h e w r o n g options

1 Carl work/works very hard most days, but he don't/

doesn't work/works at the weekend He relax/relaxes

2 My cat sleep/sleeps all day and go/goes o u t all night

She never catch/catches birds - she's t o o slow

3 A: Do/Does Caroline go/goes t o your school?

B: No, she don't/doesn't She go /goes t o a private

school in the city

4 Sam and Leo play/plays tennis every week, but Sam

never win/wins. Leo always beat/beats him

5 A: Do/Does you know/knows Frances?

B: Maybe. Do/Does she have/has long blonde hair?

A: Yes, she do/does

We always visit/visits our grandmother in the winter

She live/lives on a farm

It don't/doesn't snow/snows very often here, but sometimes it rain/rains non-stop f o r weeks I don't/

doesn't like/likes it

A: Do/Does Stuart and Paula like/likes dancing?

B: Well, Stuart love/loves dancing, but Paula don't/

doesn't enjoy/enjoys it

A: Do/Does your computer stop/stops very often?

B: Yes, it do/does. I want/wants t o buy a new one

F What do the people say in these situations? C o m p l e t e t h e sentences w i t h

the imperative or negative imperative o f t h e w o r d s in t h e box

be late be quiet bring come drink go o u t look at touch wait wash

1 It is lunchtime W h a t do you say t o your young sister?

(dash your hands before you eat

2 Your young sister wants t o help w i t h the cooking

What do you say?

the pot - it's hot!

3 You are sitting in the exam room Everyone is talking

before the exam W h a t does the teacher say?

Please

4 A student is trying t o see his friend's answers W h a t

does the teacher say?

your friend's work

5 You receive an invitation t o a friend's party W h a t

does the invitation say?

t o my party on Saturday

6 Your friend wants everyone at the party on time

W h a t does the invitation say?

The party starts at 8 - !

7 If you enter Australia, there are some things you can't have w i t h you W h a t does the sign in the airport say?

fresh fruit into the country

8 You need t o show your passport at the airport There are a lot o f people there W h a t does the sign say?

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8 Past simple 1: was / were

He was a popular hero

is a famous hero He is

the subject of stories and I

films But was

he a real man?

Nobody knows In the film, Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves,

Robin was rich - but this probably wasn't true We know that he was a popular hero in the 13th century It's possible the real man was born before then

^ o w w c t t t c M e m M e n ?

Little John and Will Scarlet were famous Merry Men Robin Hood was the leader of this group of men (and women)

m w e r e R O D i n f l o o f l a n u B i s M e m

M e n i a m o m ?

They were famous for robbing rich people But Robin Hood and his Merry Men weren't robbers - the money was for poor people

Complete this sentence: There are many about Robin Hood

mum

Past simple 1: was / were

1 Was is the past of am and is

He was the leader

Was I asleep?

Who was Robin Hood?

2 Were is the past o f are

They were famous for robbing rich people

Were you there?

Who were the Merry Men ?

3 Use wasn't (was not) and weren't (were not) for the

negative

This wasn't true

They weren't robbers

statement / negative A

1 / H e / S h e / I t was was not (wasn't)

Y o u / W e / T h e y were were not (weren't)

4 Make questions and short answers as follows:

question ? short answer / X

W a s 1 / he / she / it a robber? Yes, (he) was

No, (he) wasn't

Were you / we / they famous? Yes, (they) were

No, (they) weren't

W h o was he?

W h e r e were you?

was I were born Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1616

2 2

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Practice

A Complete the sentences using was, wasn't, were or

weren't

1 Chiara and her sister were here a m o m e n t ago

2 It a holiday last week and w e

at my uncle's house M y cousins

at home, so it was quiet

3 A: You're here at last! I worried about you

B:The train late

4 A: it a good film?

B: No, it It the worst film

of the summer!

5 A: Ben at football practice on Monday?

B: No, he ! And where you?

6 A: your parents angry?

B: No, they

B Robin Hood's enemy, the Sheriff o f Nottingham, is

asking him some questions

Complete the questions and the short answers

I'm not telling you!

Were you at home yesterday?

No, 12

Were you w i t h your friends?

The Merry Men? Yes, 13

I'm not telling you!

C Complete the sentences using wasn't or weren't and an

appropriate adjective from the box Sometimes more

than one answer is possible

afraid clean friendly h o t hungry

in a hurry very big

1 The town was pretty but it wasn't venj by

2 The restaurant was nice but I

3 The food was good but the waiters

4 The dog was very big, but the children

5 The weather was sunny but i t

6 The beach was great but it

7 The hotel was nice but the rooms

8 The shop was busy but w e

D Complete the text with is, are, was,

were, wasn't or weren't

Sherwood Forest1 was home for Robin Hood and his Merry Men In the 1 3 t h century the

f o r e s t2 a safe place for most people, but Robin and his

f r i e n d s3 happy there

Their home 4 a camp near a large tree Today the forest

5 a popular place for tourists

t o visit, and the tree 6 still there

Some people say that Robin Hood and M a i d Marian

7 lovers In fact, Robin 8 already married! But do you prefer t o believe the stories? Then you can still see St Mary's Church where they 9 married

St Mary's Church and Sherwood F o r e s t1 0 near the city o f Nottingham in the centre o f England

a were you b was you c you were

2 The film very good, but Kevin Costner was excellent

a wasn't b were not c weren't

Both Shakespeare and Galileo in 1564

a were born b was born c are born A: M u m , where born?

B: In Nottingham,

a I was b were I c was I

A: Were the Merry M e n very rich?

B:No,

a they weren't b were not c they wasn't

eg at E£ ez e x: S J 3 M S U E i ls sl

Past s i m p l e 1 2 3

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9 Past simple 2: regular past forms

She lived in a tree

[ a i l

I criminal iWe asked Julia, 'Why did you decide to do it?'Julia replied, 'It seemed the right thing to do They didn't need

to cut the tree down I told them not to do it but they didn't listen to me I believed I was right.'

O Underline the correct option: Julia lives / doesn't live in a tree today

Past simple 2: regular past forms

1 Use t h e past simple f o r past actions, states and general t r u t h s

/ phoned Julia yesterday

Did you stay at the party long last night?

Once people didn't believe the world was round

2 The past t i m e could be recent or d i s t a n t

We finished one minute ago

The Chinese invented paper

A d d -ed t o make t h e past simple (regular) f o r all persons Use did not

and t h e i n f i n i t i v e w i t h o u t to t o make t h e negative and use did t o make

a question W e usually say and w r i t e didn't instead o f did not in

i n f o r m a l situations, e.g an e m a i l t o a f r i e n d

I / Y o u / H e / S h e / I t / W e / T h e y s t a r t e d d i d n o t (didn't) start

question ? short answer / /

D i d 1 / you / he / she / it / we / they start? Yes, (1) did

No, (1) did not (didn't)

9A|i ^usaop :J9Msuy

4 Past t i m e expressions, e.g yesterday,

last (night / week /year), (a few minutes /two months /10 years) ago, are

sometimes used w i t h t h e past simple

She didn't arrive yesterday

Did you clean the car last weekend? Colombus discovered America 500 years ago

S p e l l i n g

W h e n a verb ends in -e, add -d

die -> died love -> loved

W h e n a verb ends in a consonant (b, t, m, etc.) and -y, delete t h e -y and add -led

copy -» copied try -* tried

W h e n a verb ends in a single v o w e l (a, e,

i, o, u) and a single consonant, double t h e

last consonant

stop -» stopped prefer -» preferred

• See page 182 for more spelling rules

2 4

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Practice

A What was Margaret's life like in 1 9 7 0 w h e n she was

young? W r i t e past simple statements (/) and negatives

(X) using the i n f o r m a t i o n below

1 / w o r k in a shop 1 Ski worked in a sksp

2 X like her j o b 2 She didn Hike her job,

B Complete t h e sentences w i t h an appropriate verb in t h e

past simple Some are negatives or questions

1 I was tired, so I d_i _ d_A t_ w O ^ L L t o work

2 y o u w the match last night on TV?

3 Yesterday she w all day in the factory

4 The rain _s , so the tennis started

5 Tony was very quiet He '_ X_ t o

8 IJ t o the concert as a podcast

9 A: the children j _ all their breakfast?

B: Yes, they were hungry

10 The party was terrible, I ' _ J it

C Complete t h e t e x t using t h e past simple o f t h e verbs in

brackets

Travis C a r t e r1 tiv&d (live) in a fridge

for 40 days f r o m December 1998 t o February 1999 - a

world record A r e p o r t e r ' (ask) Travis later,

New Year in the fridge?'Travis4

(reply),'No 15 (not know)

that it was New Year: my watch 6

(not work) because it was so cold!'

Two years ago, Travis

7 (try) another

world record - 60 hours in a freezer

This time h e8 (fail) 'The

freezer was just t o o cold I

it,'Travis s a i d ' l1 0

(prefer) the fridge.'

I A hundred British teenagers answered a questionnaire

about technology Change t h e i r answers into past simple sentences Some are negative

Did you watch a DVD last Saturday night?

Did you use the I n t e r n e t yesterday?

Did you download a song last week?

Did you play a computer game yesterday?

Did you email a friend last week?

Did you like computers five years ago?

1 87 teenagers watched a DVD last Saturday nujht

2 13 teenagers didn't watch a DVD last Saturday nujht

N o w answer t h e questionnaire in your notebook

1 (didn't watcd a DVD last Saturday ntjht / watched a DVD last Saturday ni^ht

Circle t h e correct o p t i o n

1 She in the tree for 737 days,

a stayed b was stayed c is stayed

2 She when she finished her protest,

a cryed b cried c cry

3 t o journalists?

a Did she talked b Talked she c Did she talk

4 A: Did she save the tree? B: Yes, she

a saved b save c did

5 A: Julia, was it boring?

B: Yes, it was I TV for t w o years,

a didn't watched b don't watched

c didn't watch

3S ^t^E qz E i :S J 3 M S U E iisax^w

Past s i m p l e 2 2 5

Trang 27

r 10 Past simple 3: irregular past forms

They spoke Celtic languages

W h e r e d i d E n g l i s h c o m e f r o m ?

FRANCE

Past simple 3: irregular past forms

1 Many past simple verbs do not end in -ed They have

irregular forms For negative and question forms, use

did and the infinitive without to

The Romans made Britain a colony

They didn't feel happy

Did they speak Latin ?

The ancient Britons spoke Celtic languages like Welsh The Romans made Britain a colony in 43 AD but Latin didn't become the language of the common people Not many of the ancient Britons knew Latin and they didn't feel happy with a new language

In the 5th century AD, the Romans left Britain because they had problems at home The Angles, Saxons and Jutes then went to England from Denmark and Germany They brought their own Germanic languages These languages became Old English The story of English began

True o r False? English is a Latin language m

3S|E-| M S M S U y

You sang You d i d n o t (didn't) sing

She t o l d her brother She did not (didn't) tell her

brother

The army w e n t

home The army d i d n o t (didn't) go home

question ? short answer / X

D i d 1 / y o u /he /she / i t / Yes, (1) did

w e / t h e y sing? No, (1) d i d n o t (didn't)

present past present past

be was / were know knew become became leave left begin began make made bring brought mean meant buy bought pay paid come came put put

get got speak spoke give gave take took

go went tell told have had think thought hear heard

See page 181 for a list o f irregular verbs 1

2 6

Trang 28

Practice Circle the 12 past simple forms in the wordsearch

puzzle, then write their infinitive-without-to forms

B The most famous poem in Old English is Beowulf

Complete the text using the correct past simple form

of the verbs in brackets

Beowulf1 was (be) a great fighter 1,000 years

ago He 2 (win) many battles against

monsters and dragons Grendel was a terrible monster

from Denmark He 3 (have) b i g teeth

and he was very strong G r e n d e l4

(not sleep) a n d5 (not eat)

He6 (drink) blood K i n g Hrothgar of

Denmark 7 (pay) Beowulf to kill Grendel

Beowulf 8 (go) to Denmark,

9 (fight) the monster and killed it K i n g

Hrothgar1 0 (give) Beowulf a lot of

money B e o w u l f1 1 (leave) D e n m a r k and

1 2 (not come) back

H e1 3 (become) a King Finally,

Beowulf died because a dragon killed h i m

Read the notes about a typical teenager's day in 1000

A D W r i t e full sentences in the past simple Some are statements (/) and some are negatives (X)

/ make clothes: evening

»/ before bed: tell story t o sister

X sleep in a bed / sleep on the floor

She^ot ap at 5 3 0 and

/ W h a t did you do yesterday? Answer the questions

in your notebook using past simple short answers and sentences Then write three more questions and answer them in the same way

1 D i d you get up early?

K)& I didn't, l^ct up at 10 o'clock

2 Did you speak English?

/e&, I did I said 'tfetta' to iwj €njtisk teacher

3 Did you buy anything?

4 D i d you go anywhere in the evening?

5 Did you forget anything?

6 Did you see any friends?

.•.M.MAM.MJ

a feled b fell c felt

a did the Saxons come b the Saxons came c did the Saxons came

| Circle the correct o p t i o n

| 1 A: Did they feel happy? B: No, they very angry

I 2 Where from?

3 A:Did Beowulf speak O l d English? B: Yes, he a did b spoke c does

' 4 The Ancient Britons pens and pencils. a hadn't b didn't have c didn't had

I 5 Beowulf sorry t o the King. a sayed b said c saw

• ••••••• t • • • • # • 1 q g q-t? e £ E Z : 5 J 3 M S U E u s a i Xw

Past s i m p l e 3 2 7

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11 Past continuous Everyone was talking about the alligators

Urban legends are stories about strange things that happen in everyday life But they are probably not true

Or are they?

Years ago in Florida and Georgia, you could buy baby alligators But they are difficult pets, so people set them tree

Where did these alligators go?

While we were studying English, my wife and I were living in New York

™th^eeverylne was talking about the alligators m the sewers

A friend told me that one day a man was working in the sewers

It was five o c o C k a n d h e was just finishing for the day Has fnends were

watUngLhiminthestreet.Theyhearda scream.When they pulled ,

the man out of the sewer, he was scared and he was shakmg

There was an alligator in the sewer!

W h a t do you think? Is this story true?

Past continuous

1 Use t h e past continuous t o t a l k about events which

w e r e in progress at a particular t i m e in t h e past

At that time everyone was talking about the alligators

in the sewers

2 Use t h e past continuous t o set t h e background t o a

story - t o talk about w h a t was going o n w h e n an event

happened The main events are usually in t h e past simple

His friends were waiting for him in the street They

heard a scream

3 Use when o r while t o link past simple and past

continuous W e can use when before t h e past simple o r

t h e past continuous

His friends were waiting for him

when they heard a scream

I

1 past present future

When his friends were waiting for him, they heard a scream

W e can also use while before t h e past continuous

While his friends were waiting for him, they heard a scream

Use while w i t h t h e past continuous in b o t h parts o f a

sentence t o t a l k about t w o situations going on at t h e

same t i m e

Wh/'/e we were studying English, my wife and I were

living in New York

W h e n when and while come at t h e beginning o f a

sentence, p u t a c o m m a in t h e middle o f t h e sentence

While I was falling, I closed my eyes

5 Use t h e past continuous t o give t h e reason f o r a past event

/ forgot about the bath because I was talking on the telephone

She shouted at me because I was driving fast

6 M a k e t h e past continuous using t h e verb was / were + verb + -ing form

• See page 182 for spelling rules

statement / negative X You / W e /They w e r e w o r k i n g w e r e n o t (weren't)

w o r k i n g 1/ He /She / I t was w o r k i n g was n o t (wasn't)

w o r k i n g question ? short answer / X

W e r e you / we / they working? Yes, (you) were

No, (you) weren't

W a s 1 / he / she / it working? Yes, (1) was

No, (1) wasn't

2 8

Trang 30

P r a c t i c e

A What was Grace doing this t i m e last w e e k ? Look a t t h e

picture and complete t h e sentences w i t h t h e correct

past continuous f o r m s o f t h e verbs in t h e box

drink feel read shine 5+t wear

'Can you believe it? This t i m e last week I was on holiday

1 I was s i t t i t u ji n a cafe 2 The sun

3 I my sunglasses 4 I my book

5 I lemonade 6 I relaxed.'

IB Write full sentences using t h e w o r d s in t h e same order

Change the verbs t o t h e past continuous o r past simple

One or both verbs should be in t h e past continuous

1 He / sit / in the kitchen / when / the fire / start

He was sittituj in the kitchen when the {ire started

2 It / get late / and / the man / w o r k / quickly

3 The pencil / break / while / I / writing down / her phone

number

4 It / snow / but we / not wear / warm clothes

5 A cat / run / in front o f the car / when / I / drive / home

6 The lights / change / while / she / still cross / the road

7 You/still sleep/when / I / get up

8 They / not build / the stadium / when /1 / live / in the city

C o m p l e t e this urban legend Use past continuous or past simple f o r m s o f t h e verbs in brackets

A TV team in Alaska 1 was mkty (make) a film about the life of salmon They 2

(catch) a salmon in the sea and very carefully

3 (put) a radio transmitter on it The radio t r a n s m i t t e r4 (send) messages

t o the TV team T h e y5 (follow) the salmon's journey for t w o months O n e day the cameramen 6 (camp) at the side o f the river and they 7

(follow) the salmon as usual Suddenly the fish

(leave) the river and (go) through a forest The team (take) their cameras and followed In the forest a group o f b o y s1 1

(camp) W h e n the TV team

1 2 (find) the boys, they

1 3 (sit) around a fire They

1 4 (cook) the salmon on the fire

9

10

MV TURN!

In your n o t e b o o k , copy and complete t h e replies

w i t h y o u r o w n ideas using t h e past continuous

1 A: Did you hear the phone?

B: K)o, I was listening to music

2 A: Someone just knocked at the door

| Circle the correct option

I 1 He was working in the sewer he saw the alligator a then b when

I 2 They television when they saw a cow in their garden a a r e w a t c h i n g

[ 3 I was wearing sunglasses because the sun very brightly a w a s s h i n i n g

? 4 A: raining when you arrived? B: No It was very sunny a Was it b

Trang 31

Review: past simple and past continuous

A Complete the story by matching the phrases in the box to the

correct places

a while it was running

b and showing me his photos while we were eating

c when John was speaking

d because we were hungry

e it ran away

f when it happened

I was visiting my friend John in A u s t r a l i a1

We were having dinner early 2

He was telling me about his f a m i l y3

Suddenly, a kangaroo j u m p e d through the w i n d o w 4

W h i l e we were thinking what t o do n e x t ,5

He t o o k a photo o f the kangaroo 6

t

B Match each picture to the correct sentence

1 She was running when she saw him

2 She ran when she saw him

C Underline the correct option Sometimes more than one option is possible

1 I was having/had a shower when my friend called

2 W h i l e Sally was walking/ walked t o the station, she met Harry

3 Tom w e n t t o bed and was saying/said,

'Goodnight'

4 Did you get angry when she finally was telling/ told you?

5 We danced while the music was playing/played

6 I was meeting/met David many years ago

7 Were the Romans using /Did the Romans use

paper?

8 W h e n she wasn't watching/didn't watch,

I t o o k another biscuit

3 We went home — while it was raining I I

4 W h e n it started

We talked about it when we got home

We talked about it while we were going home

•

raining, we went home •

W h e n he finished his lunch, Dad read — the paper I I Dad read the paper while he was — finishing his lunch I I

3 0

Trang 32

D Complete these stories using t h e correct past simple or past continuous f o r m s o f t h e verbs in brackets

The clock1 bnh (break) while the children

2 (play) football in the house

The clock3 (fall) when the ball

4 (hit) it The a c c i d e n t5

(happen) while their p a r e n t s6 (come) home

J i l l7 (drink) her coffee when she

8 (hear) her phone It was her mother W h i l e

t o the table and 1 1 (give) Ji 11 some flowers

E Circle the correct o p t i o n

Police officer: W h a t1 when you saw the elephant?

Driver: 12 through the park

Police officer: 3 quickly?

Driver: No, I 4 fast because there were a lot o f

animals M y w i f e5 out o f the w i n d o w and watching some lions S h e6 t o take some photos o f t h e m but while she 7

the camera out o f her bag, an elephant ran

at the car!

Police officer: W h y8 away while the e l e p h a n t9 ?

Driver: The elephant was very fast I only 1 0 the

elephant when it hit our car

1 a do you do b was you doing (c)were you doing

2 a was driving b drove c were driving

3 a Did you go b Were you going c Was you going

4 a wasn't driving b weren't driving c didn't drive

5 a was looking b were looking c looked

6 a were wanting b was wanting c wanted

7 a got b was getting c were getting

8 a didn't you drive b wasn't you driving

c weren't you driving

9 a ran b was running c were running

I 10 a were seeing b was seeing c saw

F Make sentences f r o m t h e words and w r i t e t h e m in y o u r

notebook Put one verb in t h e past simple and one verb

in the past continuous

1 I /shop/ when / meet / her

I was shopping wnen I met ker

I 2 While / we / eat / breakfast / the letter / arrive

3 Sarah / not go / because / she / not feel / very well

14 As /1 / fall / my parachute / suddenly / open

5 you / have / a shower / when /1 / phone?

6 Gavin / break / his arm / while / he / do / j u d o

G M a k e excuses f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g situations using t h e past continuous (and past simple, i f you want)

The excuses can be f u n n y !

1 W h y are you late for school?

(was taking mij pet kangaroo for a watt and it ran awaij

2 W h y are your shoes dirty?

3 W h y did you eat all the chocolates?

4 W h y didn't you do your homework?

5 W h y are you sleeping in class?

6 W h y didn't you answer the telephone?

H Circle t h e correct o p t i o n

1 We went t o the cinema last night and a film

It was excellent

a watching (b) watched c were watching

2 She didn't understand the game W h i l e I the instructions, she was w r i t i n g a text

a was explaining b am explaining c explained

3 The man t o o k her bag and away w i t h it We never saw him again

a run b ran c was running

4 She hurt her head when she fell o f f her bike She

a helmet

a not wearing b didn't wear c wasn't wearing

5 A: W h a t when you heard the noise?

B: I ran outside t o help

a did you do b were you doing c you were doing

6 Were you playing hockey when you broke your nose?

B: Yes, I

a did b were c was

Review 2 31

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1 2 Present perfect 1

They've already invented it!

They've a l r e a d y i n v e n t e d it, Dad!

The taxi's just arrived

3 W e can use t h e present p e r f e c t w i t h

already and yet Already a n d yet m e a n

' b e f o r e now' W e use yet in questions

and negatives Already comes a f t e r has

/have and b e f o r e t h e m a i n verb Yet

comes at t h e e n d o f t h e sentence o r

q u e s t i o n

They've already invented it

I haven't left yet

Have the boys arrived yet?

I've just seen her

I haven't visited the museum yet

'jsnf'ya] 'Apeaj|e 'paAUje 'pajuaAU! :SJ9MSUV

1 / Y o u / W e / T h e y have f v e ) v i s i t e d have n o t (haven't) visited

H e / S h e / I t has fs) v i s i t e d has n o t (hasn't) visited question ? short a n s w e r / / Have 1 / y o u / w e / they visited ? Yes, (1) have

No,(l) haven't Has he / she / it visited ? Yes, (he) it has

No, (he) hasn't

A d d -ed t o f o r m t h e past p a r t i c i p l e

o f regular verbs, e.g visited,

arrived, tried (These are t h e same

do -> done

see •# seen speak •* spoken wake up •* woken up

Some irregular past participles are t h e same as t h e past simple f o r m

find •* found -* found read •* read -> read have •* had -> had say •* said -> said leave -* left -* left spend -> spent-* spent lose -* lost -* lost tell -* told -> told make -> made -> made win -> won -* won

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Practice

A Match the pairs of sentences

1 She can't do sports.^ ~x a

2 He's still not feeling well 1 b

3 She's crying V-c

4 I'm very happy d

5 The car won't start e

6 I have no money f

7 You're looking worried g

8 We can go now h

9 I'm not ready t o go i

She's lost her bag

He's just had f l u She's broken her arm

I haven't had a shower yet

I've spent it on CDs

I haven't left yet

The taxi has just arrived

M y football team has just w o n

W h a t has happened?

B Complete the sentences using the words in brackets in the

I correct form and position

I I He can't find his keys I think MSWKt them, (lose)

[ 2 Haven't you done your homework yet?

I it (finish / already)

3 It's midnight and she home yet (not / come)

4 lunch yet? (you / have?)

5 This is terrible Someone my bike, (steal)

6 We a really cheap car! (just / buy)

7 Take your boots o f f before you come in I

the carpets, (just / clean)

8 the doctor yet? (you / phone?)

9 They the film, (see /already)

C It's Sunday night and Dad is asking Joe whether he is ready for

f school in the morning W r i t e Dad's questions and Joe's replies

in your notebook

1 pack school bag [/]

j3 do your science homework [/]

5 wash the dinosaur [X]

7 buy the dinosaur f o o d [X]

1 0: ffavejou packed jour school bay jet f J: /es, I have

2 tidy your cave [X]

4 have a bath [X]

6 make your sandwiches [/]

What four things hasn't Joe done yet? W r i t e sentences

Example: He hasn't tidied his cave jet

D W r i t e reasons for each of these situations Use the words in brackets and the correct form of the verb

1 I don't have my glasses

I stilt haven't (ound them. (find / still)

2 He's still asleep

6 She doesn't know

(they / t e l l her /still)

7 I still haven't received the letter

(postman / come / yet)

8 There's no more milk

(I / finish/just)

MV TURN!

Imagine it's Sunday evening In your notebook, write three things you have done and three things you haven't done

Example: I've cleaned RUj bike,

• • * • i

Circle the correct option

1 The taxi hasn't arrived a already b just c yet

2 He's his new watch. a breaked b broke c broken

3 He left home four hours ago and he t o say he's arrived, a still hasn't phoned b haven't phoned yet

c hasn't just phoned

4 yet? a Have you eaten your vegetables b You have eaten your vegetables c Have you your vegetables eaten '

5 A: Is Alex there? B: O h sorry He's a gone already home b just gone home c gone home yet I

Q S v\ B £ oz 3 1 : S J 3 M S U E N S A J _

Present p e r f e c t 1 3 3

Trang 35

Have you ever tried mustard ice cream?

Ingredients food n^aga-zii^t

i c e c r e a m ?

Or chocolate on your vegetables? These are just some of the things you can eat at The

Fat Duck restaurant near London Some people have called The Fat Duck the best

restaurant in the world The chef, Heston Blumenthal, has become famous and has

been on many TV shows

John Willoughby of the New York magazine Gourmet says that The Fat Duck is possibly

'the most fun restaurant I've ever eaten in' But what do you think?

'I've never had mustard ice cream and I don't want to

Just give me strawberry!'

- John, a shop assistant

Present perfect 2

1 Use t h e present p e r f e c t w h e n y o u d o n o t k n o w e x a c t l y

w h e n t h e past e v e n t t o o k place, o r it is n o t i m p o r t a n t

He has been on many TV shows

He has become famous

2 W e o f t e n use t h e present p e r f e c t w i t h ever, never and

before Never and ever c o m e a f t e r has / have and b e f o r e

t h e m a i n verb Before comes at t h e e n d o f t h e sentence

Have you ever tried mustard ice cream?

It was the most fun restaurant I've ever eaten in

I've never had chocolate on my vegetables

I haven't been to the restaurant before

U n d e r l i n e t h e a n s w e r w h i c h is n o t t r u e : T h e Fat D u c k r e s t a u r a n t is famous/cheap/fun

• See Unit 12 for the forms o f the present perfect

gone o r been?

My brother has gone to Croatia

(= M y brother is travelling t o Croatia or is there now.)

My brother has been to Croatia

(= M y brother w e n t t o Croatia but he is back home now.)

3 4

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ractice

Answer the questions with present perfect short answers

1 Have vou ever tried raw fish?

frig, I tUMKt

2 Have you ever used chopsticks?

3 Have you ever seen a banana tree?

4 Have you ever put sugar in a sandwich?

5 Have you ever made ice cream?

6 Have you ever eaten chips w i t h sugar?

7 Have you ever drunk coconut milk?

8 Have you ever cooked a meal f o r your family?

C Complete the sentences using the present perfect of the verbs in the box

break ever forget go ever have not meet not play see not speak never spend write

2 He plays the guitar but he in a band before

3 They Christmas away f r o m home

4 W e our new neighbours

5 M y friends aren't here now, they home

6 M y sister an article for the local newspaper

7 I t o my parents about my exam results

8 your teacher

t o give you homework?

9 W e the new James Bond film

10 She's the best friend I

Which of these things have you done or not done?

Complete the sentences using the present perfect o f

the verbs in brackets

9 ten kilometres, (run)

Do you know people who have done these things?

Write true sentences about people you know

Example: Mij brother has met a famous person,

,

D Complete the sentences with gone or been

1 M y grandparents have yone to Australia

They'll arrive t o m o r r o w - the journey takes 22 hours

2 They've visited the UK, but they haven't

t o Scotland

3 M y family loves travelling We've

t o 10 different countries together

4 They've out and left the lights on

5 A: W h e r e have you ? B: To post a letter

MY TURN!

have done in the past

Example: I've been to Australia,

Now write three questions to ask a friend using Have

you (ever) ?

Example: ffave jou ever been to Australia?

W r i t e about your friend

Example: Setty has never been to Australia,

Circle the correct option

1 My sister sushi three or four times, but she doesn't like it. a tries b has tried c is tried

2 I've tried most things, but an insect. a I've ever eaten b I haven't never eaten c I've never eaten

3 A: on TV? B:Yes, he has. a Has Heston ever been b Has Heston been ever c Heston ever has been

4 It's our favourite restaurant there many times. a We's been b We've gone c We've been

5 A: Have you ever been t o The Fat Duck? B: a Yes, we've b Yes, w e been c No, we haven't

— D S 3 f E£ 3 ? Q I : S J 3 M S U E J ; S 3 X X ^

Present p e r f e c t 2 3 5

Trang 37

They have lived there for centuries

THE RICH AND FAMOUS IN LONDON

r p h e rich and famous h a v e l i v e d i n M a r y l e b o n e f o r

T c e n t u n e s Past residents include Charles * * ™ n L

the Beatles R i n g o Starr rented an Sauare in M a r y l e b o n e J i m i H e n d n x also lived there There

h a s n ' t been a famous resident at 34 M o n t a g u Square smce the 1960s, but tourists still go to see the b u i l d i n g

Marylebone has been Madonna's favourite place in London for a few years now The star owns four houses in the same street!

C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e : M a r y l e b o n e is a place in

Present perfect 3

Use t h e present p e r f e c t f o r a s i t u a t i o n w h i c h s t a r t e d

in t h e past and c o n t i n u e s n o w

Marylebone has been Madonna's favourite

place in London for a few years now

: I

2 W e can use for and since w i t h t h e present perfect

The rich and famous have lived in Marylebone for

centuries

There hasn't been a famous resident since the 1960s

3 Use How long ?to ask f o r h o w much t i m e a s i t u a t i o n

has c o n t i n u e d

How long has she lived in London?

She has lived in London for a few years

4 W e can use always w i t h t h e present p e r f e c t

I've always wanted to live in the city (= f o r all the t i m e

can remember)

uopuo"| :J3MSUV

Use t h e present p e r f e c t + for t o emphasise h o w long a

s i t u a t i o n has been g o i n g o n , e.g for an hour, for a few

days, for a week, for six months, for ages (= for a long time)

They have lived there for centuries

Use t h e present p e r f e c t + since t o emphasise w h e n a

s i t u a t i o n began, e.g since 12 o'clock, since Monday,

since January, since last year, since the 1960s, since she got married

The couple have been married since last year

There hasn't been a famous resident since the 1960s

Use t h e present p e r f e c t , n o t t h e present, w i t h since and for

She has lived here for a few years

N O T She lives here for a few years

•

3 6

See Units 12 and 13 for other uses o f the present perfect

See Unit 12 for the forms o f the present perfect

Trang 38

A Complete each t i m e expression w i t h for or since

Ml for a long time

| Now answer t h e question

I How long have you lived in your house?

I I've lived in my house

B Complete the sentences w i t h t h e present perfect o f t h e

verbs in brackets Use short f o r m s w h e r e possible

1 They W always wanted t o visit N e w York, (always

want)

2 We my cousins since the beginning

of last year They are always very busy, (not see)

3 It a really good summer I don't

want it t o end (be)

4 They in the same house all

their lives, (live)

5 My sister and I share a bedroom We

our o w n rooms, (never have)

6 How long you

your mountain bike? (have)

7 He his home

town, (always love)

8 How long she ill? (be)

9 He in the

same bank for years, (work)

10 I he was the

best, (always think)

C Ask questions a b o u t t h e celebrities using How long ?

and t h e present perfect

1 Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta-Jones are married

(few (G nj have thej been married?

2 Madonna drives a M i n i Cooper car

3 Sienna Miller lives in Marylebone

4 Paul McCartney plays the piano

5 Ringo Starr is a vegetarian

6 Jennifer Connelly speaks Italian

MY TURN!

which is t r u e f o r you W r i t e t h e m in your notebook

1 I / be / hungry

I've been hungry since 16 clock this morniny

2 I / not see / my cousin

a I always have wanted b I've always wanted c I've wanted always

2 We've lived in Marylebone

a forages b ages ago c since ages

3 They've had their flat in Marylebone since they married

a get b got c have got

4 A: How long ? B: For about six years

a are they famous b have they been famous c they've been famous

5 She London since she was a child

a isn't visit b didn't visit c hasn't visited

3S QT? <K e Z Q I : S J 9 M S U E J } S 3 ] _ A Y \ /

Present p e r f e c t 3 37

Trang 39

1 5 Present perfect or past simple?

The company has invented the Mac and the iPod

S t e v e J o b s w a s b o r n in 1 9 5 5 a n d w a s a m u l t i

-m i l l i o n a i r e b e f o r e t h e a g e o f 3 0 H e is d y s l e x i c

a n d o n e o f his t e a c h e r s a t s c h o o l r e m e m b e r s his ' d i f f e r e n t w a y o f l o o k i n g a t t h i n g s '

1 Use t h e p r e s e n t p e r f e c t t o t a l k a b o u t recent events o r

a past e v e n t w h i c h t h e speaker feels is c o n n e c t e d w i t h

t h e present

C e r t a i n t i m e expressions are c o m m o n w i t h t h i s use

o f t h e present p e r f e c t These include already, yet,

just, ever, never, before

I haven't eaten yet (= I'm hungry now.)

Has he left? (= He isn't here now.)

Use t h e past s i m p l e t o t a l k a b o u t a f i n i s h e d a c t i o n

C e r t a i n t i m e expressions m a y be used w i t h t h e past

simple These include yesterday, last week, ago, then,

when, in + year

In the 1970s, computers were large machines

When did Apple invent the iPod?

3 Use t h e p r e s e n t p e r f e c t t o t a l k a b o u t an e v e n t o r

s i t u a t i o n w h i c h began in t h e past and continues now

W e o f t e n use t i m e expressions w i t h since and for w i t h

t h i s use o f t h e present p e r f e c t , e.g for a week, since

yesterday, for a long time, since 2004, and ask questions

w i t h How long?

How long have you worked at Pixar?

I've worked here for ten years

4 The choice o f t h e past s i m p l e o r present p e r f e c t can

s o m e t i m e s d e p e n d o n t h e p o i n t o f v i e w o f t h e speaker,

o r o n t h e c o n t e x t

/ didn't see George this morning (The speaker is talking

at the end o f t h e day and this morning is finished.)

/ haven't seen George this morning (The speaker is

talking in t h e m o r n i n g - this morning is still going on.)

3 8

Trang 40

Pr actice

A Underline the correct o p t i o n t o c o m p l e t e t h e

sentences about Tom Cruise

11 When he was a boy, Tom Cruise went /has been

to fourteen different schools

2 While he was at high school, he acted/has acted

in school plays

3 Since his first film in 1 9 8 1 , the actor starred/has

Mission: Impossible and Jerry Maguire

film makers, including Kubrick and Scorsese

[5 He was/has been married t o actress Nicole

Kidman until 2 0 0 1

a father in 2006, when his

daughter Suri was/has been

born

Tom says:

interesting life.'

IB Complete these sentences using t h e past simple or

present perfect o f t h e verbs in brackets

1 My grandfather didnt have much money when

he was a young man (not have)

2 It difficult t o get a good j o b then, (be)

3 you this song before? (hear)

4 What you about last

night? (dream)

5 My uncle collects old motorbikes He

three, (buy)

6 When the teacher in the r o o m , we

stood up (come)

7 There more accidents on the road

last month than in the whole o f last year, (be)

8 You that coat for a

long time! (not wear)

C Match the pairs

1 I've sent all the letters this morning

2 I sent all the letters this morning

3 She learnt t o speak seven

7 He has sold a lot o f cars today

8 He sold a lot o f cars today

(It's four o'clock in the afternoon.)

(It's eleven o'clock in the morning.)

a (She is not still alive.)

b (She is still alive.)

a (He still works there.)

b (He doesn't work there

1 you / ever / see a dolphin?

2 when / you / last / go swimming?

3 h o w many different schools / you / study at / before now?

4 what / you / yesterday / do?

5 how many exams / you / this year / take?

6 W h e n your mother was young, where / she / live?

7 you / ever / live / another country?

8 what / your family / last weekend / do?

1 Have JGU ever seen a dotpjunf

In your notebook, answer t h e questions about yourself and your family Use t h e past simple or present perfect in your answers

Circle the correct o p t i o n

-A: How long a multi-millionaire? B: Since I was 30. a have you been b are you c you have been

A: Have you ever seen Finding Nemo? B:Yes, it on D V D last week, a I've watched b I've watching c I watched

her Apple I computer since 1977. a She has b She's had c She have

We've seen some Pixar films, but I Ratatouilteyet. a don't see b haven't seen c haven't see

together for 20 years, f r o m 1976 t o 1996. a They work b They've worked c They worked

3S QT? Q £ ~*Z E X : S J 9 A A S U E J I S A I A W

Present p e r f e c t o r past simple? 39

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