RAID 1 provides enhanced security for your data because the data is copied to one or several hard disks.. Minimum number of disks or partitions required for RAID 1 is two.. Minimum numbe
Trang 1Section 2: Install SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11
TRUE/FALSE
1 A primary partition consists of a continuous range of cylinders assigned to a particular file system
2 The /var/ directory contains many of the Linux program files
3 In most YaST installation dialogs, the left panel displays an overview of the installation status and the right panel displays the current installation step
4 By default, YaST selects the time zone to be GMT
5 The FHS tree can stretch over several partitions, but they must all be located on the same computer
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1 partitions do not require entries in the partition table
2 The secondary slave IDE hard disk is typically given the Linux name
3 RAID level is known as hard disk striping
4 XFS is a(n) file system
5 In Linux, each file is described by an inode of size bytes
Trang 2b 64 d 256
6 What block group component contains a valid bit, which is set to 0 when the file system is mounted and set to 1 by unmount?
7 Which command is used to create a symbolic link?
8 Which boot menu option is used to boot into a graphical repair utility?
b Repair Installed System d Firmware Test
9 What base scenario should you select if you are installing SLES11 on physical hardware without XEN?
10 saves a dump of the kernel in the event of a system crash
11 YaST allows you to select of software based on function
12 What is the structure of the default host name suggested by YaST?
13 When configuring a network card that was not automatically detected, the Configuration Name field represents
a the network device type
b the interface’s device number
c the type of module of the network card
d the name you want to use to refer to the network card
Trang 314 is used to guarantee a trust relationship among all network services that communicate with each other
a Certification Authority c SSL
15 A filename in Linux can be up to characters long
16 The hierarchical file system tree used in Linux begins at the directory
17 The length of the path to a file cannot exceed characters, including slashes
18 The directory contains device files representing each hardware component in the system
19 Which directory contains system configuration files, and cannot include any executable programs?
20 Which directory under the /usr/ directory includes source files of all programs and the kernel?
21 The directory may be imported from a remote computer
COMPLETION
1 You can use the to manage logical volumes with names that make sense, instead of physical disk names
ANS:
Logical Volume Manager
Trang 4Logical Volume Manager (LVM)
LVM (Logical Volume Manager)
LVM
2 In RAID, hard disks are connected to a separate RAID controller
ANS: hardware
3 If the hardware clock is set to , the system time is set according to your time zone and is automatically to daylight saving time
ANS:
Universal Time Coordinated (UTC)
UTC (Universal Time Coordinated)
Universal Time Coordinated
UTC
4 A(n) path to a file starts from the root of the entire file system tree
ANS: absolute
5 To remove a mounted file system, use the command
ANS: umount
MATCHING
Match each term with the correct statement below:
d Virtual File System (VFS) i Dependent packages
e Software RAID
1 a portion of the hard disk
2 a partition including a continuous range of disk cylinders, that can be subdivided into logical partitions
3 a RAID system in which hard disks are combined by the operating system
4 enhances data security because data is copied to one or several hard disks
5 an abstraction level in the kernel providing defined interfaces for processes
6 another entry in a directory that points to the inode of a file that already has a file name
7 extends the physically available system RAM
8 a software package that needs another package to already be installed for it to run
Trang 59 contains important programs for system administration
SHORT ANSWER
1 What are some of the recommendations for implementing a partitioning scheme other than the one suggested by YaST?
ANS:
If you want to implement your own partitioning scheme, consider the following recommendations (depending on the amount of space and how the computer will be used, adjust the distribution of the available disk space):
• If your hard disk has less than 4 GB of available space, you should use one partition for the swap space and one for the root partition (/) In this case, the root partition must allow for those directories that often reside on their own partitions if more space is available
• If your hard disk has more than 4 GB of available space, you should at least create a swap partition and a root partition (4 GB) You can create separate partitions for different directories in your Linux server’s file system
2 What are the components of the basic structure of the LVM?
ANS:
The basic structure of LVM includes the following components:
• Physical volume Can be a partition or an entire hard disk
• Volume group Consists of one or several physical volumes grouped together The physical
partitions can be spread over different hard disks You can add hard disks or partitions to the volume group during operation whenever necessary The volume group can also be reduced in size by removing physical volumes (hard disks or partitions)
• Logical volume Part of a volume group A logical volume can be formatted and mounted like a
physical partition
3 What are RAID levels, and how do they differ from one another?
ANS:
Trang 6The RAID level is determined by the method with which the hard disks are combined and by their number:
• RAID 0 RAID 0 improves the performance of your data access; however, there is no redundancy
in RAID 0 With RAID 0, two or more hard disks are pooled together (striping) Disk performance is
very good, but the RAID system is vulnerable to a single point of failure If one of the disks fails, all data is lost
• RAID 1 RAID 1 provides enhanced security for your data because the data is copied to one or several hard disks This is also known as hard disk mirroring If one disk is destroyed, a copy of its
contents is available on the other disks Minimum number of disks (or partitions) required for RAID 1
is two
• RAID 5 RAID 5 (Redundant Striping) is an optimized compromise between RAID 0 and RAID 1
in terms of performance and redundancy Data and a checksum are distributed across the hard disks Minimum number of disks (or partitions) required for RAID 5 is three If one hard disk fails, it must be
replaced as soon as possible to avoid the risk of losing all data on the array by failure of another disk
The data on the failed disk is reconstructed on its replacement from the data on the remaining disks and the checksum If more than one hard disk fails at the same time, the data on the RAID 5 array is lost
• RAID 6 RAID 6 is comparable to RAID 5, with the difference being that two disks may fail
without data loss The minimum number of disks (or partitions) required for RAID 6 is four
4 What is the default file system for SLES 11? Discuss some of its features
ANS:
ext3 Enhanced version of the ext2 file system that supports journaling ext3 is the default file system
for SLES 11
The ext3 file system is a journaled file system that is most widely used in Linux today It is quite robust and fast, although it does not scale too well to either large volumes or a great number of files Recently a scalability feature called htrees was added, which significantly improves ext3's scalability However, it is still not as scalable as some of the other file systems listed, even with htrees With htrees, ext3’s scalability is similar to NTFS Without htrees, ext3 can’t handle efficiently more than about 5,000 files in a directory
5 What are the options that appear after the system boots from the installation media? Briefly explain each option
ANS:
After your system has booted from the installation media, the following options appear:
• Boot from Hard Disk Boots an operating system installed on the hard disk (if one exists) This is
the default option It allows the system to boot normally in the event you forget to remove your SLES
11 installation media from the optical drive
• Installation Starts the normal installation process All modern hardware functions are enabled
Trang 7• Repair Installed System Boots into a graphical repair utility
• Rescue System Starts the SLES 11 rescue system If you cannot boot your installed Linux system,
you can boot the computer from the installation media and select this option This starts a minimal Linux system without a graphical user interface to allow you to access disk partitions for
troubleshooting and repairing an installed system
• Check Installation Media Starts a verification routine that checks the integrity of your SLES 11
installation media
• Firmware Test Starts a BIOS checker that validates ACPI and other parts of your system BIOS
• Memory Test Starts a memory testing program that tests system RAM by using repeated read and
write cycles This is done in an endless loop, because memory corruption often shows up sporadically, and many read and write cycles might be necessary to detect it If you suspect that your RAM might be defective, start this test and let it run for several hours If no errors are detected, you can assume that the memory is intact Terminate the test by rebooting the system
6 What are the possible installation modes available on the YaST installation mode screen?
ANS:
You can select the installation mode in the installation mode screen, which presents the following options:
• New installation Performs a normal new installation of SLES 11 This is the default option
• Update Updates a previously installed SLES 10 installation to SLES 11
• Repair Installed System Repairs an existing system that has been damaged.
7 In what situations would you need to manually change the paritioning scheme suggested by YaST? ANS:
You might need to manually change the partitioning scheme if any of the following applies:
• You want to optimize the partitioning scheme for a special-purpose server (such as a file server)
• You want to configure LVM
• You have more than one hard drive and want to configure software RAID
• You want to delete existing operating systems on the hard drive to free up space for your SLES 11 installation
8 What are some of the differences between the file system concept of Linux and that of other operating systems?
ANS:
The file system concept of Linux (and, in general, of all UNIX systems) is considerably different than that of other operating systems:
• Files in the file systems can be spread out over several devices Each file system can be “mounted” any place in the directory hierarchy With other file systems, each file system is placed on the same level, at the top With Linux, the file systems can be placed at lower levels of the directory structure
Trang 8• A filename in Linux can be up to 255 characters long It can contain special characters (“_” or “%”, for example)
• Certain characters (the dollar sign “$”, the semicolon “;”, or the space, for example) have a special significance for shells, such as Bash If you want to use one of these characters without the associated special meaning, the character must be preceded by a “\” (backslash) to mask (switch off) its special meaning
• You can use umlauts, letters with diacritical marks, or other language-specific characters
• Linux differentiates between upper-case and lower-case letters For example, the file names
Invoice, invoice, and INVOICE refer to three different files
9 What does the /boot/ directory contain?
ANS:
Similar to the C:\Windows\System directory in Windows, the /boot/ directory contains system files Specifically, it contains:
• Static files related to the boot loader GRUB These files (with the exception of configuration files) are required for the boot process
• The backed-up information for the Master Boot Record (MBR) and the system map files
• The kernel, which has the file name vmlinuz According to the FHS, however, the kernel can also
be located directly in the root directory
10 Where are directories created for removable media? What are their names?
ANS:
All files accessible in a Linux system are arranged in one big tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at / These files can be spread out over several devices The mount command attaches a device’s file system to the big file tree
SLES 11 creates directories in the /media/ directory for mounting removable media when detecting media:
• /media/floppy/ Created for a floppy disk drive
• /media/cdrom/ Created for a CD-Rom drive
• /media/cdrecorder/ Created for a CD burner
• /media/dvd/ Created for a DVD drive
• /media/usbdisk/ Created for a USB stick
• /media/media_name/ Created after inserting a labeled removable media.