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Certain adjectives form their comparative and superlative in both ways, either by adding est to the adjectives or by taking more/most.. Exercise A Complete the comparative and superlativ

Regular forms

1 Of one syllable, add-(e)r/-(e)st

to form their comparative &

superlative forms

smallhotsafe

smaller (than)hotter (than)safer (than)

the smallest (of/in)the hottest (of/in)the safest (of/in)

2 Of two syllables ending in

-ly, -y, -w, also add -er/-est

friendlybusyshallow

friendlier (than)busier (than)shallower (than)

the friendliest (of/in)the busiest (of/in) the shallowest (of/in)

3 Of two or more syllables,

take more/most

seriousamazing

more serious (than)more amazing (than)

the most serious (of/in) the most amazing (of/in)

Usage

1 We use the comparative to compare one person/ thing with another

e.g Mary is prettier than Ann

This car is more expensive than the others

2 We use the superlative to compare one person/ thing with more than one of the same group.e.g He is the fastest runner of all

She is the most intelligent child in the family

3 We often use than after a comparative We normally use the before a superlative We oftenuse of or in after a superlative We use in with places

e.g She is shorter than you

This problem is more complicated than that one

I am the smartest of all

This room is the most comfortable one in the hotel

4 Certain adjectives form their comparative and superlative in both ways, either by adding est to the adjectives or by taking more/most Some of these are: clever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle, narrow, pleasant, polite, shallow, simple, stupid, quiet

-er/-e.g simple - simpler - the simplest ALSO

simple - more simple - the most simple

Regular forms

1 Adverbs having the same forms as

their adjectives add -er/-est

longfastearly

longer (than)faster (than)earlier (than)

(the) longest(the) fastest(the) earliest

2 Two syllables or compound adverbs

(adjectives+-ly, e.g careful-carefully)

take more/most

oftenslowlyquickly

more often (than)more slowly (than)more quickly (than)

(the) most often (the) most slowly (the) most quickly

best worst most least fewest farther/furthest

Usage

1 Well is the adverb of good

e.g He is a good cook He cooks well.

2 further (adj) = more

e.g For further information contact Mr White.

further/farther (adv) = longer (in distance)

e.g He walked further/farther than I did

3 very + adjective

e.g It is very hot weather.

4 most + adj/adv = very

e.g He was most obliging = He was very obliging.

5 even/much/far/a bit + comparative

e.g My sister behaved even worse than before.

Susan is much more patient with children than Lily is.

6 any + comparative (used in negatives & questions)

e.g This article was not any better than the previous one.

Types of Comparison Examples

1 as … (adj/adv) … as

not so/as as … (adj/adv) … as

such a(n)/so … as

She speaks as calmly as usual

It is not so/as hot as it was yesterday

This is not such an exciting film as the last one

2 twice/three times /half/ etc as …

(adj/adv) … as

Their house is three times as big as ours

His watch cost half as much as mine

4 less … (adj/adv) … than

the least … (adj/adv) … of/in

The red sofa is less expensive than the blue one,but the black one is the least expensive of all

5 the + comparative … , the + comparative The earlier you start, the sooner you’ll finish

6 comparative + and + comparative Their life is getting better and better

Sentence transformation

1a I’ve never seen such a boring movie

b It is the most boring movie I’ve ever seen

2a He is taller than his sister

b His sister is not as tall as he is/him

3a If you work more, you will earn more

b The more you work, the more you will earn

4a She is the quickest runner of all

b She is quicker than any other runner

c No other runner is as quick as she is/her

5a He is a terrible driver

b He drives terribly

6a Jack has got the same number of books as Peter

b Peter has got as many books as Jack

7a She hasn’t made as many mistakes as last time

b She has made fewer mistakes than last time

Exercise A

Complete the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives/ adverbs

Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences

e.g He worked more efficiently than I did (efficiently, more efficiently, most efficiently)

1 Her promotion was the moment of her life (proud, prouder, proudest)

2 Hawaii is _ from Hong Kong than Japan (far, farther, farthest)

3 This ring is too _ for me (small, smaller, smallest)

4 It is _ to ask for help than solve the problem by yourself (easy, easier, easiest)

5 Grace’s work is , but Joan’s is (good, better, best)

6 August is than any other month (hot, hotter, hottest)

7 Do you support his proposal? (late, later, latest)

8 Prevention is than cure (good, better, best)

9 He may be the man in Hong Kong (rich, richer, richest)

10 This pair of glasses is as as that pair (fashionable, more fashionable, most fashionable)

Exercise C

Fill in each blank with the correct form – adjective/ adverb, comparative or superlative

e.g The manager is the most powerful man here (powerful)

1 Iron is _ than other metals (useful)

2 My English teacher is as _ as Andy Lau (handsome)

3 His Chinese is getting _ and _ (bad)

4 The _ he gets, the _ he becomes (old, wise)

5 Ann does not swim so _ as her coach claims (quickly)

6 Which is _, grammar or vocabulary? (important)

7 Staying at home is _ than going on holiday abroad (comfortable)

8 The _ money you spend, the _ you can save (little, much)

9 The new job is the _ one that I have had (challenging)

10 This mini-bus driver is much _ than any other driver (kind)

Exercise D

There is one mistake in each sentence Underline the mistakes and correct them

‘X’: extra word; ‘^’: missing word; : wrong word

e.g Tommy is the most(X) cleverest boy in the class ( X )

Tommy is (^ the) cleverest boy in the class ( ^ )

Tommy is the clever (cleverest) boy in the class ( )

1 This is cheaper of the two pens ( ^ )

2 He is speaking more slowly and more slowly ( X )

3 Ms Lee is very shorter than her daughter ( )

4 The weather of Hong Kong is different from that of Canada’s ( )

5 Mary is much more nervous Jane ( ^ )

6 Her face turned more as white as a sheet when she heard what he said ( X )

7 Police in Sydney are investigating the death of a younger German tourist ( )

8 The more you smoke, more dangerous it is to your health ( ^ )

9 To be frank, this was the most easiest test in this term ( X )

10 She is the best singer of the two, but she is not the best in Hong Kong ( )

Exercise E

Rewrite the following sentences using the words given, without changing the meaning

e.g No one else in the team plays better than he does (best)

He plays the best in the team

1 No other dancer is as graceful as she is in the play (most graceful)

Exercise B

Exercise C

1 more useful 2 handsome 3 worse, worse 4 older, wiser 5 quickly

6 more important 7 more comfortable 8 less, more 9 most challenging 10 kinder

Exercise D

1.^ the cheaper 2 slowly(X) and 3 very much 4.Canada’s Canada 5 nervous ^ than6.more (X) 7 younger young 8 ^ the more 9 most (X) 10.best (better) singer

Exercise E

1 She is the most graceful dancer in the play

2 Emily dresses less smartly than Susan

3 Tom’s brothers are not as noisy as Tom

4 The harder you try, the better you will do

5 Health is better than wealth

6 Mr Chan is not as old as he looks

7 The darker it got, the worse the situation became

8 Sandy studies less diligently than she did in the past

9 No man is as capable as his father in the office

10 Losing weight is more difficult than putting on weight

COMPARING ADJECTIVES

Oliver Thomas James

Compare the heights of these three boys: Oliver is tall.

Thomas is taller than Oliver.

James is the tallest.

TALLER is used for comparing TWO

TALLEST is used when comparing MORE THAN TWO

In the examples above –ER and –EST have been added to the word “TALL” to show the

comparative height of each boy.

There are many adjectives where –ER and –EST can be added without any change in

spelling:

Cold – colder – coldest

Clean – cleaner – cleanest

BUT! Look our for these spelling changes:

Drop the e at the end of:

E.g Nice – nicer – nicest

E.g Fine – finer – finest

Change the y to i of:

E.g Lazy – lazier – laziest

E.g Shady – shadier - shadiest

Double the last letter of:

E.g Thin – thinner – thinnest

E.g Slim – slimmer – slimmest

REMEMBER! Some words cannot be changed at all so you must add MORE when

comparing two and MOST when comparing more than two:

E.g Beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful

Intelligent – more intelligent – most intelligent

You must learn these exceptions:

GOOD – BETTER – BEST

BAD – WORSE – WORST

Re-write the whole sentence into your book inserting the correct form of the adjective

in bold type to complete each sentence Underline the comparative adjective

Remember all the exceptions to the rule of adding –ER and –EST!

1 The monk’s habit was made of the material I have ever

seen COARSE

2 This is the classroom in the school COLD

4 Miss Agnes is the of the two sisters SLIM

5 King Solomon was the king who ever reigned WISE

6 Harry has the clothes I have ever seen BAD

7 Jane chose the slice of cake on the dish THIN

8 High Street is a much street than West Street WIDE

9 Only the ingredients are used in our cakes PURE

10 Susan is the girl in the class INTELLIGENT

11 Colin is the of the twins BIG

12 The oak is a tree than the poplar SHADY

13 Jenny is than Alice BEAUTIFUL

14 Brighton is one of our seaside resorts SUNNY

15 The apples were the of the bunch GOOD

SL/CompAdjs/2006

Re-write the whole sentence into your book inserting the correct form of the adjective

in bold type to complete each sentence Underline the comparative adjective

Remember all the exceptions to the rule of adding –ER and –EST!

1 The monk’s habit was made of the COARSEST material I have ever seen

COARSE

2 This is the COLDEST classroom in the school COLD

3 James’s story is BETTER than Mark’s GOOD

4 Miss Agnes is the SLIMMER of the two sisters SLIM

5 King Solomon was the WISEST king who ever reigned WISE

6 Harry has the WORST clothes I have ever seen BAD

7 Jane chose the THINNEST slice of cake on the dish THIN

8 High Street is a much WIDER street than West Street WIDE

9 Only the PUREST ingredients are used in our cakes PURE

10 Susan is the MOST INTELLIGENT girl in the class INTELLIGENT

11 Colin is the BIGGER of the twins BIG

12 The oak is a SHADIER tree than the poplar SHADY

13 Jenny is MORE BEAUTIFUL than Alice BEAUTIFUL

14 Brighton is one of our SUNNIEST seaside resorts SUNNY

15 The apples were the BEST of the bunch GOOD

SL/CompAdjs/2006

COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES

Copy out these sentences and fill in the missing word with the correct form of thecomparative adjective formed from the word in the bracket at the end of thesentence Remember the spelling rules and the exceptions!

1 My house is than yours (BIG)

2 This flower is than that one (BEAUTIFUL)

3 This is the book I have ever read (INTERESTING)

4 Tortoises usually live than humans (LONG)

6 A holiday by the sea is than a holiday in the

mountains (GOOD)

7 A coca-cola is sometimes than a beer

(EXPENSIVE)

9 The weather this summer is even than last

summer (BAD)

10 He was the thief of all (CLEVER)

COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES

Copy out these sentences and fill in the missing word with the correct form of thecomparative adjective formed from the word in the bracket at the end of thesentence Remember the spelling rules and the exceptions!

1. Jeremy is 10 years old Julie is 8 years old Jeremy is

than Julie (OLD)

2. The Alps are very high They are the mountains in Europe

(HIGH)

4 A Mini is the expensive of cars (LITTLE)

5. John’s results were bad Fred’s results were very poor Fred’s results

were than John’s (BAD)

6 This exercise is than I expected (EASY)

7. The weather is not good today – it’s raining I hope the weather will be

next week

8. People are not friendly in big cities They are usually in

small towns (FRIENDLY)

9. In the government, the Prime Minister is the person

(IMPORTANT)

10. People say that Chinese is to learn than English

(DIFFICULT)

Exercise on Comparison of Adjectives

Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets (comparative or superlative)

1 My house is (big) bigger than yours

2 This flower is (beautiful) than that one

3 This is the (interesting) book I have ever read

4 Non-smokers usually live (long) than smokers

5 Which is the (dangerous) animal in the world?

6 A holiday by the sea is (good) than a holiday in the mountains

7 It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) than a beer

9 The weather this summer is even (bad) than last summer

10 He was the (clever) thief of all

Comparative & Superlative Adjectives

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the adjective.

(The answers are at the end of the page.)

1 Jeremy is 10 years old Julie is 8 years old Jeremy is (old) Julie

2 The Alps are very high They are (high) mountains in Europe.

3 An ocean is (large) _ a sea.

4 A Rolls Royce costs a lot of money A Twingo costs less money

A Rolls Royce is (expensive) a Twingo.

5 John's results were bad Fred's results were very poor Fred's results were (bad) _ John's.

6 This exercise is not difficult It's (easy) _ I expected.

7 The weather is not good today - it's raining I hope the weather will be (good)

10 People say that Chinese is (difficult) to learn than English.

EXERCISES - COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

Fill in the blanks with the comparative or superlative form of the adjective in

parentheses Where necessary, add “the” before superlatives and “than” after comparatives

Ex The cheetah is the fastest terrestrial animal in the world (fast)

1 The Qu’ran is considered book

by all Muslims

(holy)

2 Do you find Pepsi Coca-Cola? (refreshing)

3 I think that water is drink of all (satisfying)

4 She is person I have ever met (sweet)

5 Organically grown vegetables are

vegetables grown with chemical

7 Methane gas is to the

atmosphere than carbon dioxide

(harmful)

8 Of all the industrialized nations, the United States has

prisoners per capita

(many)

9 This grammar book is the book

we used in highschool

(useful)

10 temperature in the world was

recorded in the desert of Saudi Arabia

(hot)

11 My pet turtle is my cat (old)

12 Montreal is famous for smoked

meat sandwiches in the world

(good)

13 This year has been last year for

the number of car accidents

(bad)

14 A Mercedes is a Volkswagon (expensive)

15 Hydrogen is oxygen (light)

18 tropical storms usually occur in

the months of July and August

(bad)

Choose the correct form of the adjective (comparative or superlative):

1) My English teacher is (friendly) than my history teacher.

2) This medicine works (good) than the one I took last week.

3) Who is the (good) soccer player in the world?

4) She always gets good grades; she must be the (intelligent) girl in the class.

5) Moscow is (far) than London.

6) Which country is (big): Mexico or Costa Rica?

7) Aconcagua is the (high) mountain in South America.

8) A Ferrari is (fast) than a Maserati.

9) Mick Jagger is (famous) than Steven Tyler.

10)This exercise was (easy) than the previous one.

REGULAR COMPARATIVES & SUPERLATIVES

Only one syllable, ending in

the widest, the finest

Only one syllable, with one

vowel and one consonant at

the end

hot, big

Double the consonant + er

hotter than, bigger than

Double the consonant +

est

the hottest, the biggest

Only one syllable, with two

vowels or two consonants at

the cleanest, the fastest

Two syllables, ending in “y”

happy, lonely

Change “y” to “i” + er

happier than, lonelier than

Change “y” to “i” + est

the happiest, the loneliest

Two or more syllables

modern, interesting

MORE + adjective+ than

more modern than , more interesting than

THE MOST + adjective

the most modern, the most interesting

IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES & SUPERLATIVES